Vascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway
Satnam Lidder,Andrew J. Webb +1 more
TLDR
The Nitrate 'Veg-Table' with 'Nitrate Units' is developed to achieve a nitrate intake that is likely to be sufficient to derive benefit, but also to minimize the risk of potential side effects from excessive ingestion, given the current available evidence.Abstract:
The discovery that dietary (inorganic) nitrate has important vascular effects came from the relatively recent realization of the 'nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway'. Dietary nitrate has been demonstrated to have a range of beneficial vascular effects, including reducing blood pressure, inhibiting platelet aggregation, preserving or improving endothelial dysfunction, enhancing exercise performance in healthy individuals and patients with peripheral arterial disease. Pre-clinical studies with nitrate or nitrite also show the potential to protect against ischaemia-reperfusion injury and reduce arterial stiffness, inflammation and intimal thickness. However, there is a need for good evidence for hard endpoints beyond epidemiological studies. Whilst these suggest reduction in cardiovascular risk with diets high in nitrate-rich vegetables (such as a Mediterranean diet), others have suggested possible small positive and negative associations with dietary nitrate and cancer, but these remain unproven. Interactions with other nutrients, such as vitamin C, polyphenols and fatty acids may enhance or inhibit these effects. In order to provide simple guidance on nitrate intake from different vegetables, we have developed the Nitrate 'Veg-Table' with 'Nitrate Units' [each unit being 1 mmol of nitrate (62 mg)] to achieve a nitrate intake that is likely to be sufficient to derive benefit, but also to minimize the risk of potential side effects from excessive ingestion, given the current available evidence. The lack of data concerning the long term effects of dietary nitrate is a limitation, and this will need to be addressed in future trials.read more
Citations
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A Call to Action and a Lifecourse Strategy to Address the Global Burden of Raised Blood Pressure on Current and Future Generations: The Lancet Commission on Hypertension
Michael H. Olsen,Michael H. Olsen,Sonia Y. Angell,Samira Asma,Pierre Boutouyrie,Dylan Burger,Julio A. Chirinos,Albertino Damasceno,Christian Delles,Anne Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo,Anne Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo,Dagmara Hering,Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo,Fernando Martinez,Vlado Perkovic,Ernst Rietzschel,Giuseppe Schillaci,Aletta E. Schutte,Angelo Scuteri,James E. Sharman,Kristian Wachtell,Ji-Guang Wang +21 more
TL;DR: The Commission has identified ten essential and achievable goals and ten accompanying, mutually additive, and synergistic key actions that—if implemented effectively and broadly—will make substantial contributions to the management of blood pressure globally.
Journal ArticleDOI
The potential benefits of red beetroot supplementation in health and disease
TL;DR: Beetroot’s biological activity is discussed and evidence from studies that specifically investigated the effect of beetroot supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, cognition and endothelial function are evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioactive compounds of beetroot and utilization in food processing industry: A critical review.
TL;DR: Overall objective of this review is to provide a brief knowledge about the valuable phytochemicals and bioactive compounds present in beetroot and their association with health benefits, beetroot processing for food application and their effect on beetroot pigment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrate and periplasmic nitrate reductases
TL;DR: This review focuses on the features of periplasmic nitrate reductase where the catalytic subunit of the Nap and its kinetic properties, auxiliary Nap proteins, operon structure and phylogenetic relationships are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrate reduction to nitrite, nitric oxide and ammonia by gut bacteria under physiological conditions.
Mauro Tiso,Alan N. Schechter +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the bacterial nitrate reduction to ammonia, as well as the related NO formation in the gut, could be an important aspect of the overall mammalian nitrate/nitrite/NO metabolism and is yet another way in which the microbiome links diet and health.
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