Open Access
Volcanic Forcing of Climate over the Past 1500 Years: An Improved Ice-Core-Based Index for Climate Models
Chaochao Gao,Alan Robock,Caspar M. Ammann +2 more
- Vol. 2006
TLDR
This paper extracted volcanic sulfate signals from each ice core record by applying a high-pass loess filter to the time series and examining peaks that exceed twice the 31-year running median absolute deviation.Abstract:
[1] Understanding natural causes of climate change is vital to evaluate the relative impacts of human pollution and land surface modification on climate. We have investigated one of the most important natural causes of climate change, volcanic eruptions, by using 54 ice core records from both the Arctic and Antarctica. Our recently collected suite of ice core data, more than double the number of cores ever used before, reduces errors inherent in reconstructions based on a single or small number of cores, which enables us to obtain much higher accuracy in both detection of events and quantification of the radiative effects. We extracted volcanic deposition signals from each ice core record by applying a high-pass loess filter to the time series and examining peaks that exceed twice the 31-year running median absolute deviation. We then studied the spatial pattern of volcanic sulfate deposition on Greenland and Antarctica and combined this knowledge with a new understanding of stratospheric transport of volcanic aerosols to produce a forcing data set as a function of month, latitude, and altitude for the past 1500 years. We estimated the uncertainties associated with the choice of volcanic signal extraction criteria, ice core sulfate deposition to stratospheric loading calibration factor, and the season for the eruptions without a recorded month. We forced an energy balance climate model with this new volcanic forcing data set, together with solar and anthropogenic forcing, to simulate the large-scale temperature response. The results agree well with instrumental observations for the past 150 years and with proxy records for the entire period. Through better characterization of the natural causes of climate change, this new data set will lead to improved prediction of anthropogenic impacts on climate. The new data set of stratospheric sulfate injections from volcanic eruptions for the past 1500 years, as a function of latitude, altitude, and month, is available for download in a format suitable for forcing general circulation models of the climate system.read more
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Dissertation
Weathering a medieval climate : gauging the impact of natural hazards on northern European society through archaeology and history, AD 1000-1550
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the occurrence of meteorological hazards in northern Europe and their impact on society during the medieval period (AD 1000-1550) and evaluate the duality of understanding in which disasters could be the result of spiritual or superstitious causes but could be mitigated through established and wellunderstood practical solutions.
Climate in Medieval time
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the evidence and concluded that although the High Medieval (1100 to 1200 A.D.) was warmer than subsequent centuries, it was not warmer than the late 20th century, and the warmest Medieval temperatures were not synchronous around the globe.
The Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP)
TL;DR: Timmreck et al. as discussed by the authors presented four co-ordinated inter-model experiments designed to investigate key processes which influence the formation and temporal development of stratospheric aerosol in different time periods of the observational record.
European and Mediterranean hydroclimate response to tropical volcanic forcing over the past millennium
Mukund Palat Rao,B. Cook,Edward R. Cook,R. D'Arrigo,Paul J. Krusic,Kevin J. Anchukaitis,A. N. LeGrande,Brendan M. Buckley,Nicole Davi,Caroline Leland +9 more
TL;DR: This article used a modified version of superposed epoch analysis, an eruption year list collated from multiple datasets, and seasonal paleoclimate reconstructions (soil moisture, precipitation, geopotential heights, and temperature) to investigate volcanic forcing of spring and summer hydroclimate over Europe and the Mediterranean over the last millennium.
References
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Dissertation
Climate Response to Solar Variation: Cyclic and Secular
TL;DR: This paper studied the climate response to solar variations: cyclic and selforganizing, and found that the response was Cyclic and Secular (cyclic and non-convex).
Journal ArticleDOI
On the occurrence of annual layers in Dome Fuji ice core early Holocene ice
Anders Svensson,Shuji Fujita,Shuji Fujita,Matthias Bigler,Martin Braun,Remi Dallmayr,Vasileios Gkinis,Kumiko Goto-Azuma,Kumiko Goto-Azuma,Motohiro Hirabayashi,Kenji Kawamura,Kenji Kawamura,Sepp Kipfstuhl,Helle Astrid Kjær,Trevor Popp,Marius Folden Simonsen,J. P. Steffensen,Paul Vallelonga,Bo Møllesøe Vinther +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined 5 m of early Holocene ice from the Dome Fuji (DF) ice core at a high temporal resolution by continuous flow analysis and concluded that the annual signal is preserved in this section of the DF core.
Journal ArticleDOI
High time-resolution alkenone paleotemperature variations in Tokyo Bay during the Meghalayan: Implications for cold climates and social unrest in Japan
Hiroto Kajita,Naomi Harada,Naomi Harada,Yusuke Yokoyama,Yusuke Yokoyama,Miyako Sato,Nanako Ogawa,Yosuke Miyairi,Chikako Sawada,Atsushi Suzuki,Hodaka Kawahata,Hodaka Kawahata +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a piston core was recovered from Tokyo Bay from which 22 mollusk shells were extracted and an age model for the core, determined via accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS) 14C dating of the shells and a scoria layer from the Hoei eruption (1707 CE), showed that the core contains continuous record from ca. 2400 BCE.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methodological and physical biases in global to subcontinental borehole temperature reconstructions: an assessment from a pseudo-proxy perspective
Camilo Melo-Aguilar,J. Fidel González-Rouco,Elena García-Bustamante,Norman Steinert,Johann H. Jungclaus,Jorge Navarro,Pedro José Roldán-Gómez +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a heat-conduction forward model driven by simulated surface temperature is used to generate synthetic BTPs that are then inverted using singular value decomposition, which is applied to the set of simulations that incorporate all of the LM external forcing factors as well as those that consider the concentration of the green house gases and the land use land cover (LULC) changes forcings separately.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intemperate weather in violent times – narratives from the Western Balkans during the Little Ice Age (17-18th centuries)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present narrative sources from the late phase of the Little Ice Age period for a part of the Southeastern Europe, which is still poorly investigated, relying on documentary "proxies" derived from several chronicles and short notes.
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