Walking and Cycling to Health: A Comparative Analysis of City, State, and International Data
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TLDR
This analysis provides evidence of the population-level health benefits of active travel, and policies on transport, land-use, and urban development should be designed to encourage walking and cycling for daily travel.Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:
We sought to determine the magnitude, direction, and statistical significance of the relationship between active travel and rates of physical activity, obesity, and diabetes.
METHODS:
We examined aggregate cross-sectional health and travel data for 14 countries, all 50 US states, and 47 of the 50 largest US cities through graphical, correlation, and bivariate regression analysis on the country, state, and city levels.
RESULTS:
At all 3 geographic levels, we found statistically significant negative relationships between active travel and self-reported obesity. At the state and city levels, we found statistically significant positive relationships between active travel and physical activity and statistically significant negative relationships between active travel and diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS:
Together with many other studies, our analysis provides evidence of the population-level health benefits of active travel. Policies on transport, land-use, and urban development should be designed to encourage walking and cycling for daily travel.read more
Citations
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Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects
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Policy and society related implications of automated driving: A review of literature and directions for future research
TL;DR: The review shows that first-order impacts on road capacity, fuel efficiency, emissions, and accidents risk are expected to be beneficial and the balance between the short-term benefits and long-term impacts of vehicle automation remains an open question.
Physical Activity 1 Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects
Pedro Curi Hallal,Pedro C. Hallal,Lars Bo Andersen,Fiona Bull,Regina Guthold,William L. Haskell +5 more
TL;DR: Physical activity levels worldwide with data for adults (15 years or older) from 122 countries and for adolescents (13-15-years-old) from 105 countries are described, with boys are more active than are girls and women are higher in women than in men.
References
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