Journal ArticleDOI
Wave-Induced Light-Field Fluctuations in the Sea
R. L. Snyder,J. Dera +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, a first-order single-ray theory is developed and the predictions of this theory are compared with the data, identifying five refractive effects, the most important of which is the focusing and defocusing of light beams by fluctuations of surface curvature.Abstract:
Irradiance fluctuations in the natural underwater light field close to the sea surface have an amplitude that is of the same order of magnitude as the mean irradiance. A principal source of these fluctuations, differential refraction by surface waves, is examined in this paper, and some experimental data obtained at an experimental site in the Bight of Abaco, Bahamas, are presented. A first-order single-ray theory is developed and the predictions of this theory are compared with the data. The theory identifies five refractive effects, the most important of which is the focusing and defocusing of light beams by fluctuations of surface curvature.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of vertebrate visual pigments.
TL;DR: The visual pigments of vertebrates evolved about 500 million years ago, before the major evolutionary step of the development of jaws, and four spectrally distinct classes of cone opsin evolved through gene duplication, followed by the rod opsin class that arose from the duplication of the middle-wave-sensitive cone Opsin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of vertebrate visual pigments.
James K. Bowmaker,David M. Hunt +1 more
TL;DR: Most New World species exhibit a trichromacy that is based on only two opsin genes, an autosomal SWS1 gene as in Old World primates, and a polymorphic X-linked LWS gene with multiple allelic forms that encode pigments with differing λmax values lying between about 535 and 565 nm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gorilla susceptibility to Ebola virus: The cost of sociality
Damien Caillaud,Damien Caillaud,Florence Levréro,Romane H. Cristescu,Romane H. Cristescu,Sylvain Gatti,Maeva Dewas,Mélanie Douadi,Annie Gautier-Hion,Michel Raymond,Nelly Ménard +10 more
TL;DR: The large population of western lowland gorillas, Gorilla gorilla gorilla, monitored since 2001 at the Lokoue clearing, Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Congo, was affected in 2004, providing the opportunity to address both questions using an original statistical approach mixing capture–recapture and epidemiological models.
Book ChapterDOI
Wave produced changes in underwater light and their relations to vision
TL;DR: The close relationship that exists between the physiological properties of spatial and temporal vision thus suggests an ancient adaptation to the wave-induced fluctuations and spatial patterns associated with underwater light.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental factors which may have led to the appearance of colour vision.
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that colour vision and opponent processing of colour signals in the visual system evolved as a means of overcoming the extremely unfavourable lighting conditions in the natural environment of early vertebrates, i.e. just after the active predatory lifestyle was mastered.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the Focusing of Sunlight by Ocean Waves
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that these regions of increased intensity are mainly produced by the refraction of sunlight at the wavy surface, and that the depth at which intensity peaks reach a maximum is a function of the wave shape, trochoidal or sinusoidal, and wave dimensions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Albedo over wind-roughened water
TL;DR: In this article, the observed albedo over a natural water surface, as a function of solar elevation and cloud cover, is reproduced semi-theoretically by considering the distribution of slope on the sea surface.