Showing papers on "10G-PON published in 2002"

Ethernet passive optical network (EPON): building a next-generation optical access network

Abstract: This article describes Ethernet passive optical networks, an emerging local subscriber access architecture that combines low-cost point-to-multipoint fiber infrastructure with Ethernet. EPONs are designed to carry Ethernet frames at standard Ethernet rates. An EPON uses a single trunk fiber that extends from a central office to a passive optical splitter, which then fans out to multiple optical drop fibers connected to subscriber nodes. Other than the end terminating equipment, no component in the network requires electrical power, hence the term passive. Local carriers have long been interested in passive optical networks for the benefits they offer: minimal fiber infrastructure and no powering requirement in the outside plant. With Ethernet now emerging as the protocol of choice for carrying IP traffic in metro and access networks, EPON has emerged as a potential optimized architecture for fiber to the building and fiber to the home.

Method and system for dynamic bandwidth allocation in an optical access network

Abstract: An optical access network (202) and method for transmitting optical data in the network (202) utilizes an interleaved polling scheme to efficiently use the available bandwidth of the network (202). The use of the interleaved polling scheme allows a central terminal (204) of the network (202) to dynamically allocate upstream bandwidth from remote terminals (206, 208, 210) of the network (202) to the central terminal (204) in response to the amount of data that is waiting at the remote terminals (206, 208, 210) to be transmitted to the OLT (204). In one embodiment, the optical access network (202) is based on Passive Optical Network (PON) technology. In another embodiment, the optical access network (202) utilizes Ethernet protocol to encapsulate data in Ethernet frames for transmission. Thus, in these embodiments, the optical access network (202) includes all of the advantages associated with the PON technology and/or the Ethernet protocol.

Hybrid hierarchical optical networks

Abstract: Hybrid hierarchical optical cross-connects enhance the performance/cost ratio of optical networks by providing transparent (optical) switching of sets of wavelengths (wavebands) in addition to opaque (electrical) switching of individual wavelengths. As network bandwidth gets cheaper, and the performance bottleneck moves to switching nodes, these systems provide an attractive scalable solution for next-generation optical networks. We describe key technological components (including flexible nonuniform wavebands) of hybrid hierarchical optical cross-connects and discuss their performance/cost implications.

Network studies in IP/optical layer restoration

Abstract: Even though transport of an equivalent amount of bandwidth at the IP layer is much more expensive than at the optical layer, it is not universally true that restoration of span failures is less expensive when provided at the optical layer. Some critical factors that determine this are single or dual router office architectures and pre and post-failure IP-layer link utilization levels. Furthermore, it was shown that integrated IP/OL restoration can give substantial benefits over restoration by either layer alone.

Architectural implications of core grooming in a 46-node USA optical network

Abstract: Summary form only given. Analyzing the different implementations for an optical layer in the context of different traffic loads, we observe limited transparency domains: Deg 3+ OEO, offers the most "cost" effective solution for 1+1 protection scheme. Network capacity was reduced by 45% even with a large traffic load of 8 Tb/s (1+1). With optical cross-connects (OXCs) at degree 3 or higher nodes, shared mesh can offer additional savings. The primary impact in capacity savings was due to improved bandwidth utilization of the transport layer indicating that core grooming is a critical component of cost effective and flexible optical network design.

Advances in optical networking

Abstract: An overview of optical networks is provided. An introduction into the area of optical networks, their abilities and characteristics and their place in today's communication technology are made. The various components that an optical network consists of are examined. These include examination of the structure and operation of optical fibres, optical transmitters and receivers, optical amplifiers and other related optical components. The various classes of optical networks—optical link networks, broadcast and select networks, wavelength-routed networks, photonic packet-switching networks and optical burst switching ones—are then explained. Finally, an examination of various trends in the optical networking area is made. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Optical Access Networks

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter addresses optical fiber systems and technologies for the access network. Access refers to the first mile network that connects subscribing customers to the network provider's outermost switching office. It addresses access networks optimized for the set of bidirectional interactive services usually offered to residential and small–to–medium businesses by the local exchange carrier (LEC). The chapter also illustrates the physical layer issues of optical access systems and components. A brief review of history of optical access network development and deployment and an overview of optical access architectures is also presented. The chapter concludes with current trends and possible future scenarios. It is noted that considerable creativity and thought is devoted to fiber in the access network, but the economics still do not work because the costs cannot be divided among a sufficient number of users. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a successful access technology that is used for providing high-speed Internet over twisted pairs in the loop.

Wireless optical system for multidirectionial high bandwidth communications

Abstract: This invention describes an optical communications system for optically networking computers and other devices together in a multi-user environment in a cost effective manner. This is accomplished through the use of low power (eye safe intensity) lasers, light emitting diodes, or photo diodes, to connect users in a time shared fashion through an optical multiplexing system (the optical access point) which can direct and manage (42) the networking connection to each user device (4a) (user optical transceiver independently. Both the optical access point (14) and the user optical transceiver (4a) are capable of dynamically adjusting a beam to locate and align with each other.

Imagine the Future in Telecommunications Technology

Abstract: The wired (networking) and wireless telecommunications areas are rapidly expanding in applications and data rates. This drives a need for highly complex RF/Analog and Mixed Signal products. SiGe BiCMOS and RF CMOS are the two technologies that are capable of fulfilling the technology requirements for these products. The active and passives device suite is described. The application areas for Bipolar and CMOS are discussed. SiGe BiCMOS products examples are given.

Optical Packet Switched Metro Networks

Abstract: We discuss the rationale of optical packets for metro networks and give trends of current optical packet based MANs In addition, we emphasis the benefits of optical packets with our original and pragmatic architecture, DBORN

Surviving a disaster [optical communications]

Abstract: The next-generation optical communications network, not surprisingly at all, will be as optical as it can be. Only optical dense wavelength-division multiplexing can provide the bandwidth elasticity that new emerging communications services demand. This is well understood, and despite an apparent slowdown in the world economy, multibillion-dollar commitments have been made to upgrade existing networks to next-generation DWDM. The next optical network is expected to be massive, yet flexible and ubiquitous. Current DWDM technology supports 160 wavelengths (in the C+L bands) per fiber; at 10 Gb/s this amounts to an astonishing 1.6 Tb/s aggregate bandwidth per fiber. Research has also demonstrated that ultra dense WDM (UDWDM) is possible, and it is a matter of time until 320 wavelengths (and a little later 640) will be multiplexed in a single fiber. As a consequence, we examine what the next optical network should be like, and proactively identify some areas that require special attention. One of the critical areas is service and network survivability not only when a node and/or link fails, but also when a cluster of nodes and/or links fail; that is, avoiding a disaster. Disaster avoidance has also become more important for both natural disasters and geo-political unrest.

Architecting Self-Tuning Optical Networks

Abstract: We describe an IP-optical traffic management system that creates a "self-tuning" optical core. We show that an adaptive transport layer can significantly improve network efficiencies and thus, reduce capital and operating expenses for the carrier.

Will 10-Gigabit Ethernet have a bright future?

Abstract: Researchers, engineers, and vendors are readying the newest Ethernet standard which promises not only faster speeds than previous versions but also important new features. The proposed 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) standard, known as IEEE 802.3ae, would not only provide data rates of 10 Gbits per second but would also work with metropolitan and wide area networks (MANs and WANs), where ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) and Sonet (synchronous optical network) currently dominate. Ethernet and Fast Ethernet were designed to work primarily with local area networks (LANs), where they are the dominant technologies. The IEEE expects to formally adopt the 802.3ae standard this year.

An analytical model for predicting the locations and frequencies of 3R regenerations in all-optical wavelength-routed WDM networks

Abstract: In all-optical wavelength-switched WDM networks, 3R regeneration does not need to be performed at every node in a path. Thus, a significant cost savings can be realized by efficiently provisioning a limited amount of 3R regeneration resources in each node in the network and utilizing these resources efficiently. In order to aid in these two tasks, we present an analytical model to predict the location and relative frequency of 3R regeneration requests in the network. Because the model is based solely on the topological information of the network, the predictions provided are very general and are independent of specific network operating parameters, such as the routing protocol employed. Simulation results are also presented to verify the accuracy of the model.

In-house networks using Polymer Optical Fibre for broadband wireless applications

Abstract: A novel system concept is presented to transport microwave signals over an in-house graded index polymer optical fibre network, in order to feed the radio access points in high-capacity wireless LANs. By employing optical frequency multiplying, the network's intrinsically limited bandwidth is overcome. The feasibility of this concept to carry data at several hundreds of Mbit/s speed for various microwave signal formats at carrier frequencies in the tens of GHz range is shown. The concept enables cost-effective system implementation and easy upgrading by offering data signal transparency. It can readily be integrated with other system technologies such as wired Gigabit Ethernet in a single multi-service in-house polymer optical fibre network.

Space-borne optical communications - a challenging reality

Abstract: Optical inter-satellite links (ISLs) have recently become operational reality We outline potential commercial applications, focusing on broadband mobile communication networks with global coverage, and discuss some design issues and trade-offs for optical ISLs

System for communications in ethernet-based fiber optic TDMA networks

Abstract: A fiber optic, ethernet-based, TDMA communications system that addresses issues of cost, quality of service, and operational efficiency. An aggregating optical node is placed between a hub and end users. This allows the use of less expensive lasers, and permits a variety of connection topologies (e.g., fast ethernet point-to-point, shared broadcast, and gigabit ethernet) between the optical node and the end users. The use of an optical node also allows allocation of certain functions (e.g., bandwidth allocation) to the optical node. Moreover, an adaptive equalizer can be used in conjunction with any laser in the system to improve its signal to noise ratio.

A high-performance fiber-optic link for cdma2000 cellular network

Abstract: The authors have developed high-performance fiber-optic links for cost-effective 2.5-G cdma2000 network deployment. The three-sector 36 code-division multiple-access carriers are transported via a 20-km fiber-optic link with dynamic range above 18 dB satisfying IS-97 spurious conditions.

An optical packet-switched IP-over-WDM metro ring network

Abstract: Novel distributed medium access protocols for a time-slotted WDM metro ring employing optical packet switching and supporting variable-length data packets, such as IP datagrams, directly in the optical layer are proposed. A scalable multi-hop WDM ring is considered since we assume many more nodes than available wavelengths in the network. In the underlying control-channel based architecture, each node is equipped with three transmitters (two fixed-tuned and one tunable) and two fixed-tuned receivers. The new access control scheme relies on a frame-based slot reservation strategy including reservation of successive slots for data packets longer than the given slot size, and immediate access for packets shorter than the slot length. Thus, a highly efficient IP-over-WDM metro network with simple receiver hardware is obtained.

Supporting Ethernet in optical-burst-switched networks

Abstract: The reemergence of metropolitan area networks (MANs) is being stimulated by the continued growth of the Internet. Here we introduce the likely role that optical burst switching (OBS) will play in the development of 10-Gbit Ethernet (10GbE) metropolitan networks. Although the synchronous optical network (SONET) is being proposed to provide wide-area connectivity for 10GbE MANs, its synchronous time-division multiplexing (TDM) nature renders it inefficient for data-centric connections. OBS, however, provides a better sharing of network resources and when coupled with generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) provides a robust and more efficient transport for Ethernet services.

Proposal of a novel protection mechanism for Ethernet PONs

Abstract: High reliability, low cost and TDM service supporting are the vital factors for Ethernet PONs to be deployed in FTTB (fiber to the business) and FTTB+H (fiber to the business and home) environments. To focus on high reliability and low cost, a novel protection scheme for the Ethernet PONs is proposed in this paper. Compared with the APON protection schemes recommended in ITU G.983.1 and SDH/SONET protection schemes, the novel scheme is more bandwidth-efficient, economical, flexible, and reliable.

Value of agile transparent optical networks

Abstract: We describe how and why agile transparent optical networks can lower the cost of building and maintaining a long haul network. We analyze the key value drivers of a transparent network and explore the implications for key optical components and modules.

The future of optical communications

Abstract: While high-end transmission technology is approaching an inherent limit, switching/processing technology should play an important role as a driving element in future optical communication businesses. The evolution of bandwidth-hungry new services and business applications such as distance learning/education, telemedicine and other applications can be enabled by the growth of metro and access optical infrastructure and will eventually promote the growth in the whole photonic industry.

All-optical networking in metro, regional and backbone networks

Abstract: Summary form only given. A transcontinental network of hundreds of nodes is shown to be more cost-effective when built of two tiers: a backbone all-optical network (AON) tier of tens of nodes, and a collector tier of extended-coverage metro/regional AONs. This solution also results in large operational savings and increased speed and simplicity of provisioning.

Regional optical transport networks

Abstract: We provide an overview of current, emerging, and future regional (or metro core) optical transport networking architectures. Particular emphasis is placed on matching optical networking features, protocols, and framing techniques to carrier needs and requirements.

Scheduling algorithm for differentiated service on wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical access networks

Abstract: Passive optical networks (PONs) will be the pervasive choice in the design of next-generation access networks. One possible solution to implementing passive optical access networks is to rely on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Here we investigate the problem of providing real-time service to both hard and soft real-time messages in conjunction with a conventional best-effort service in WDM optical networks based on the single-hop passive-star coupler. We propose an adaptive scheduling algorithm to schedule and manage the message transmissions in the specified network. We have conducted extensive discrete event simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Management and Control of Intelligent Optical Networks

Abstract: INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL NETWORKING Recent years have witnessed rapid improvements in optical technologies, resulting in dramatic increases in both transmission and switching rates. Progress in optical networking components, such as lasers, amplifiers, filters and fibers, has enabled the development of systems capable of transmitting hundreds of channels, each at speeds up to 10 Gbps, on a single fiber. At the same time, the proliferation of the Internet and the introduction of new applications such as sharing of audio and video files have led to substantial changes in traffic profiles. IP traffic is growing at such an explosive rate that it is dominating all other types of traffic, including voice traffic. Doubling times for IP traffic are now measured in months, not years. Future applications, such as video on demand and web agents, are likely to continue or even accelerate these traffic growth rates. As traffic is increasing and traffic patterns are changing, new networking paradigms are required. Despite the fast pace of progress in packet processing equipment, such as IP routers and ATM switches, it is becoming increasingly harder for such network elements to keep up with the increases in traffic. At the same time, it is recognized that the complexity of full packet processing is not required in every node of future communication networks. New technologies, such as MPLS (Rosen, Viswanathan & Callon, 2001) attempt to utilize circuit-switching concepts for use in datagram networks. Fortunately, the wi espread commercialization of optical technology and the rapid improvements in optical networking components have led to the emergence of high bandwidth transmission and switching equipment, operating at the

A proposal for an Ethernet-over-WDM wide area multiplexing architecture

Abstract: This paper presents a workable solution for transport of IP packets over optical networks. The protocol heavily relies on the data link and physical layer of the proposed standard 10 Gbit/s Ethernet. The architecture is able to optically multiplex and forward asynchronous packets like those generated by classical Ethernet devices.

Developments in optical access networks

Abstract: Optical fibre access network technology has become more complex over the last few years with bit rates steadily increasing. PON systems are available with bit rates in the range 155 Mbit/s to, currently, 622 Mbit/s. Newly designed systems, both PON and point-to-point, will allow this trend to continue with 2.5 Gbit/s systems becoming practicable in the near future. With this increase in technology has come an increase in the opportunities for fibre systems to cost-reduce more of the network, including the “metro” space – a fact which increases the appeal of the technology. Some of the newer PON systems are being designed using Ethernet as the underlying technology with a promise of reducing the price of the technology still further. How this will occur in practice, however, is still unclear. What is certain is that optical access technologies are expanding and are sure to find openings in real networks in the foreseeable future.