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Showing papers on "Angular displacement published in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
23 Apr 2015-Sensors
TL;DR: The proposed angular displacement and angular velocity sensors based on coplanar waveguide transmission lines and S-shaped split ring resonators are presented and it is shown that the angular velocity can be accurately determined from the time-domain response of a carrier time-harmonic signal tuned at the S-SRR resonance frequency.
Abstract: In this paper, angular displacement and angular velocity sensors based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines and S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs) are presented. The sensor consists of two parts, namely a CPW and an S-SRR, both lying on parallel planes. By this means, line-to-resonator magnetic coupling arises, the coupling level being dependent on the line-to-resonator relative angular orientation. The line-to-resonator coupling level is the key parameter responsible for modulating the amplitude of the frequency response seen between the CPW ports in the vicinity of the S-SRR fundamental resonance frequency. Specifically, an amplitude notch that can be visualized in the transmission coefficient is changed by the coupling strength, and it is characterized as the sensing variable. Thus, the relative angular orientation between the two parts is measured, when the S-SRR is attached to a rotating object. It follows that the rotation angle and speed can be inferred either by measuring the frequency response of the S-SRR-loaded line, or the response amplitude at a fixed frequency in the vicinity of resonance. It is in addition shown that the angular velocity can be accurately determined from the time-domain response of a carrier time-harmonic signal tuned at the S-SRR resonance frequency. The main advantage of the proposed device is its small size directly related to the small electrical size of the S-SRR, which allows for the design of compact angular displacement and velocity sensors at low frequencies. Despite the small size of the fabricated proof-of-concept prototype (electrically small structures do not usually reject signals efficiently), it exhibits good linearity (on a logarithmic scale), sensitivity and dynamic range.

122 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a self-powered, sliding electrification based quasi-static triboelectric sensor (QS-TES) for detecting angle from rotating motion is reported, which can read and remember the absolute angular position, angular velocity, and acceleration regardless being continuously monitored or segmented monitored.
Abstract: A self-powered, sliding electrification based quasi-static triboelectric sensor (QS-TES) for detecting angle from rotating motion is reported. This innovative, cost-effective, simply-designed QS-TES has a two-dimensional planar structure, which consists of a rotator coated with four channel coded Cu foil material and a stator with a fluorinated ethylenepropylene film. On the basis of coupling effect between triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, the sensor generates electric output signals in response to mechanical rotating motion of an object mounted with the sensor. The sensor can read and remember the absolute angular position, angular velocity, and acceleration regardless being continuously monitored or segmented monitored. Under the rotation speed of 100 r min−1, the output voltage of the sensor reaches as high as 60 V. Given a relatively low threshold voltage of ±0.5 V for data processing, the robustness of the device is guaranteed. The resolution of the sensor is 22.5° and can be further improved by increasing the number of channels. Triggered by the output voltage signal, the rotating characteristics of the steering wheel can be real-time monitored and mapped by being mounted to QS-TES. This work not only demonstrates a new principle in the field of angular measurement but also greatly expands the applicability of triboelectric nanogenerator as self-powered sensors.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a noncontact, low-cost, and reliable inductive sensor for angular displacement measurement is presented. But the sensor is not suitable for work in harsh industrial environments.
Abstract: This paper introduces a noncontact, low-cost, and reliable inductive sensor for angular displacement measurement. It is suitable to work in harsh industrial environments. The sensor has simple structure consisting of three key parts: a ferromagnetic stator, which is a pure plane; a ferromagnetic rotor, which has face slots; and four layers of planar copper coils, including primary and secondary coils. Primary coils are supplied with two orthogonal 4000-Hz ac, and secondary coils output a signal whose phase is proportional to angular displacement. Primary coils are designed with sinusoidal shape, so that magnetic field between the stator and rotor has approximately sinusoidal distribution, and finally linearity between the phase variation of output signal and angular displacement is well helped by this design. The structure and working principles of the sensor are explained in detail. Moreover, a sensor model was simulated to verify the feasibility of the sensor working principles and a sensor prototype was designed for actual experiment. At last actual experiment results are given and analyzed, showing that the sensor prototype has achieved accuracy better than ±12 arcsec in the range of 0°-360°, and this kind of sensor may have a better performance by improving the layout of primary coils and front-end signal-process circuit.

46 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
17 Dec 2015
TL;DR: This work proposes a sliding mode controller for in-hand manipulation that repositions a tool in the robot's hand by using gravity and controlling the slippage of the tool.
Abstract: In this work we propose a sliding mode controller for in-hand manipulation that repositions a tool in the robot's hand by using gravity and controlling the slippage of the tool. In our approach, the robot holds the tool with a pinch grasp and we model the system as a link attached to the gripper via a passive revolute joint with friction, i.e., the grasp only affords rotational motions of the tool around a given axis of rotation. The robot controls the slippage by varying the opening between the fingers in order to allow the tool to move to the desired angular position following a reference trajectory. We show experimentally how the proposed controller achieves convergence to the desired tool orientation under variations of the tool's inertial parameters.

39 citations


Patent
27 Apr 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the angular position detection mechanism (wheel speed sensor) located on the side of vehicle body which corresponds to each wheel and outputs angular position data (wheelspeed impulse counter value) to communication line at preset time intervals (20 ms cycle).
Abstract: FIELD: transportSUBSTANCE: device includes the following: transmitter installed on each wheel to transmit detected air pressure data in wireless signal; angular position detection mechanism (wheel speed sensor) located on the side of vehicle body which corresponds to each wheel and detects angular position (wheel speed impulse) of each wheel and outputs angular position data (wheel speed impulse counter value) to communication line at preset time intervals (20 ms cycle); and angular position evaluation mechanism at the side of vehicle body (angular position calculation unit) which evaluates angular position (number of teeth) during transmission (time (t2) of data transfer command) by transmitters based on information about reception (time (t4) of reception completion) for wireless signal from transmitters and information about angular position (input times (t1, t5), number of teeth for wheels) entered via communication lineEFFECT: higher accuracy of each wheel transmitter angular position detection for monitoring air pressure in vehicle tires12 cl, 12 dwg

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The experimental results indicate that the electromagnetic encoder can measure the absolute angular position and shows that the method is easy to be realized in algorithm and can reduce computational complexity and decrease dimension of the encoder.
Abstract: For the encoders, especially the sine-cosine magnetic ones, a new method to measure absolute angular position is proposed in the paper. In the method, the code disc of the encoder has only two circle tracks and each one was divided into and ( ) equal code cells. The cell angles, changing from 0° to 360° between any two neighboring code cells, are defined to represent any position on the code disc. The position value of the same point can be represented by different cell angle values of different tracks and the absolute angular position of the point can be obtained by the difference value between the cell angle value of the outer track and the inner one. To validate the correctness of the method theoretically, the derivation process of the method was provided. An electromagnetic encoder system was designed and the experimental platform was established to test the method. The experimental results indicate that the electromagnetic encoder can measure the absolute angular position. Besides, it shows that the method is easy to be realized in algorithm and can reduce computational complexity and decrease dimension of the encoder.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Mingguang Shan1, Rui Min1, Zhi Zhong1, Ying Wang1, Zhang Yabin1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a differential reflective fiber-optic sensor for angular displacement measurement is presented through subtraction of two power signals from two receiving fibers placed on both sides of one emitting fiber.
Abstract: Using the characteristic that the distance apart between the emitting fiber and receiving fiber only shifts the angular-power curve, a differential reflective fiber-optic sensor for angular displacement measurement is presented through subtraction of two power signals from two receiving fibers placed on both sides of one emitting fiber. A theoretical model is established to characterize the performance of the differential reflective fiber-optic angular displacement sensor. The measurements made indicate that the general behavior of the experimental results agrees with that of the theoretical results, and the sensor can improve sensitivity by about 120%, resulting in the significant improvement of anti-interference capability, which will be more suitable for high accuracy bipolar absolute angular displacement measurement. Design guidelines are also suggested to achieve desired sensor performances.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid micromachined contactless suspension based on combining electromagnetic inductive and electrostatic actuation is presented, and the stiffness components are dynamically adjusted during the operation phase using a series of electrodes integrated in the contactless suspensions structure.
Abstract: In this letter, we present a new hybrid micromachined contactless suspension based on combining electromagnetic inductive and electrostatic actuation. In addition, the stiffness components are dynamically adjusted during the operation phase using a series of electrodes integrated in the contactless suspension structure. We experimentally demonstrate vertical linear positioning of a disk-shaped proof mass in a range from 30 to $200~\mathrm {\mathbf {\mu m}}$ , controlled tilting about two orthogonal axes in the horizontal plane ranges from ±1° to ±4°, as well as controlled oscillation about the vertical axis with an angular displacement of 37° at a frequency of 1.5 Hz. In order to demonstrate dynamical adjustment of the stiffness, we experimentally show that the angular component of stiffness is increased by a factor of two at a levitation height of 100 $\mathrm {\mathbf {\mu m}}$ . Therefore, the suspension dynamics can be changed and adapted to particular applications or to variations in operational environments. Moreover, we demonstrate that this device can operate as a bistable micro-actuator. [2015-0150]

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the end-effector position of a single flexible-link robot can be directly controlled by the angular position of its joint, so that, trajectory tracking in the end effector of the robot is possible by properly designing a reference trajectory for the joint angle.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a self-sensing shape memory alloy is proposed, which enables direct measurement of angular position (degree) in 3D space, in terms of the electrical resistance of the SMA wires.

21 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
17 Dec 2015
TL;DR: A novel design for producing soft pneumatic artificial muscles, named wrapped SPAMs (WSPAMs).
Abstract: Soft pneumatic artificial muscles (SPAMs) are a type of pneumatic actuator that provide customizable motion trajectories in three dimensional space without the need for rigid links or a transmission mechanism. This paper presents a novel design for producing SPAMs, named wrapped SPAMs (WSPAMs). Unlike previous SPAM designs, the production process of WSPAM is highly repeatable, while the motion trajectory can be easily modified. A model for predicting the steady-state angular displacement of a WSPAM actuator based on its geometrical parameters and the elasticity of the materials used in its production is presented and experimentally validated.

01 Jun 2015
TL;DR: The CubeSat Three-Axis Simulator (CubeTAS) as discussed by the authors is a three-axis ADCS simulator for a nanosatellite-scale spacecraft with a hollow hemispherical structure.
Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of a nanosatellite-scale spacecraft three-axis simulator (“CubeSat Three-Axis Simulator,” or “CubeTAS”), the purpose of which is to enable experimental testing of Attitude Determination and Control Systems (ADCS) and methods for nanosatellites. The CubeTAS test-bed consists of a hollow hemispherical structure containing typical ADCS components of a three-axis stabilized spacecraft, including the following items: three flight-grade reaction wheels, a sun sensor, an inertial measurement unit, three custom-made magneto-torquer coils, an on-board computer, and a battery. The hemispherical structure and its content float over an air-bearing cup; this enables quasi-frictionless rotation in three degrees of freedom over a large angular displacement. A custom-made automatic balancing system enables micron-level-accurate coincidence of the center of mass and the center of rotation of the floating system, allowing the achievement of a quasi-torque-free rotation. An offboard, high-accuracy rotational metrology system and an off-board set of three large Helmholtz coils complete the test-bed.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2015
TL;DR: The authors have analysed the influence of chosen parameters, among others: the moment of flywheel inertia, loading torque, different crankshaft rigidity values, on the operation of the simulation model, whose input parameters reflect the real-life cranks Haft assembly employed as the working mechanism in the Stirling engine.
Abstract: In the work presented herein the dynamic model of the crankshaft assembly with three degrees of freedom has been presented. On the basis of the physical model analysis (with the static mass reduction) the simulation model of the crankshaft assembly using Matlab&Simulink programme, has been designed. On the basis of the derived equations of motion, the authors have analysed the influence of chosen parameters, among others: the moment of flywheel inertia, loading torque, different crankshaft rigidity values, on the operation of the simulation model, whose input parameters reflect the real-life crankshaft assembly employed as the working mechanism in the Stirling engine. As a result of the performed simulations, displacement curves, piston velocity and acceleration values, as well as adequate crankshaft angular displacement, the angular velocity and angular acceleration have been additionally presented. The presented results provide information about the dynamic performance of the simulated real-life object.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a rotational MEMS mirror that can control the direction of propagation of light beams inside of planar waveguides implemented in silicon photonics has been proposed.
Abstract: We present an innovative rotational MEMS mirror that can control the direction of propagation of light beams inside of planar waveguides implemented in silicon photonics. Potential applications include but are not limited to optical telecommunications, medical imaging, scan and spectrometry. The mirror has a half-cylinder shape with a radius of 300 μm that provides low and constant optical losses over the full angular displacement range. A circular comb drive structure is anchored such that it allows free or latched rotation experimentally demonstrated over 8.5° (X-Y planar rotational movement) using 290V electrostatic actuation. The entire MEMS structure was implemented using the MEMSCAP SOIMUMPs process. The center of the anchor beam is designed to be the approximate rotation point of the circular comb drive to counter the rotation offset of the mirror displacement. A mechanical characterization of the MEMS mirror is presented. The latching mechanism provides up to 20 different angular locking positions allowing the mirror to counter any resonance or vibration effects and it is actuated with an electrostatic linear comb drive. An innovative gap closing structure was designed to reduce optical propagation losses due to beam divergence in the interstitial space between the mirror and the planar waveguide. The gap closing structure is also electrostatically actuated and includes two side stoppers to prevent stiction.

Journal ArticleDOI
Yiwei Zhu1, Shaocong Liu1, Cuifang Kuang1, Shuai Li1, Xu Liu1 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a roll angle displacement measurement method based on collimated laser position measurement and the common path compensation principle, and the experimental results revealed a linear correlation coefficient of 0.99995 between the relative displacement of the measuring beam spot and the angular displacement.

Journal ArticleDOI
H.M. Yehia1
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a magnetized asymmetric rigid body moving about a fixed point while acted upon by uniform gravity and magnetic fields can perform a regular precession about a horizontal axis fixed in space orthogonal to the magnetic field.
Abstract: In 1947 Grioli discovered that an asymmetric heavy rigid body moving about a fixed point can perform a regular precession, which is the rotation of the body about an axis fixed in it, while that axis precesses with the same uniform angular velocity about a non-vertical axis fixed in space. In the present note, we show that a magnetized asymmetric rigid body moving about a fixed point while acted upon by uniform gravity and magnetic fields can perform a regular precession about a horizontal axis fixed in space orthogonal to the magnetic field. This motion does not contain Grioli's as a special case since the gravity and magnetic effects are coupled and can vanish only simultaneously.

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of angular displacements on wireless transcutaneous inductive energy transmission was studied using computational modeling, and it was shown that the angular displacement can lead to an increase in transmitted power.
Abstract: The effect of angular displacements on wireless transcutaneous inductive energy transmission was studied using computational modeling. It is shown that for a geometry characteristic of transcutaneous energy transmission (distance between centers of flat coils less than the radius of the coils, angular displacement in the range of 0-30°), the angular displacement can lead to an increase in transmitted power. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods of preventing transmission of excessive power to the receiver portion of a wireless energy transmission system to avoid overheating of implanted components.

Patent
06 Oct 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, an array of receivers configured in different angular positions about the array relative to a corresponding array location axis, and at least one processor configured to profile pulse count values at each receiver, from one receiver to another in the array in relation to their respective angular positions, to designate a maximum peak angular position associated with a maximum pulse count value.
Abstract: Methods and devices for, among other applications, locating an emitter, comprises an array of receivers configured in different angular positions about the array relative to a corresponding array location axis, to receive a signal from the emitter having at least one burst containing a train of pulses, and at least one processor configured to profile pulse count values at each receiver, from one receiver to another in the array in relation to their respective angular positions, to designate a maximum peak angular position associated with a maximum pulse count value, and to attribute the peak angular position to an angular emitter location.

Patent
19 Aug 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and system for measuring the mechanical characteristic of a breaker is described, which consists of acquiring a pull rod force signal, a main contact displacement signal, and a main shaft angular displacement signal in an opening/closing process of the breaker.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for measuring the mechanical characteristic of a breaker The method for measuring the mechanical characteristic of the breaker comprises: acquiring a pull rod force signal, a main contact displacement signal, and a main shaft angular displacement signal in an opening/closing process of the breaker; processing the pull rod force signal, the main contact displacement signal, and the main shaft angular displacement signal to obtain pull rod force data, main contact displacement data, and main shaft angular displacement data; performing analysis according to the pull rod force data, the main contact displacement data, and the main shaft angular displacement data to obtain a mechanical characteristic parameter The method for measuring the mechanical characteristic of the breaker solves a problem of the detection of the mechanical characteristic of a breaker in which a spring is arranged in a transmission mechanism

Patent
25 Nov 2015
TL;DR: In this article, an angle measurement sensor is formed by a spatial four-frequency differential laser gyroscope and a control circuit thereof, and the sensor and the servo motor control system of a detected rotary table are synchronized by a highly stable clock signal.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technology of high-precision angle measurement and relates to a device and method for improving the measurement precision of a rotary table dynamic angular position error. The device comprises an angle measurement sensor, a highly-stable external synchronous clock, a servo motor control system, and a servo motor. The angle measurement sensor is formed by a spatial four-frequency differential laser gyroscope and a control circuit thereof. The angle measurement sensor and the servo motor control system of a detected rotary table are synchronized by a highly-stable clock signal. The servo motor control system and the high-precision angle measurement sensor transmit high-speed angular increment information thereof to a PXI measurement and control system. The PXI measurement and control system outputs dynamic angular position error information. By means of a manner that the PXI measurement and control system and a motor control system are deeply coupled, a dozens of MHz synchronizing clock between the PXI measurement and control system and the motor control system, and high-speed phase-locked loop technology, the device and the method control the clock misalignment and clock jitter of the PXI measurement and control system and the motor control system to be a magnitude of nanoseconds, and achieve super-speed and high-precision synchronous measurement of rotating angle dynamic errors.

Patent
13 Mar 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for transmitting a radio signal between an electronic unit (5) of a mobile vehicle wheel (1) and an electronic centralized control unit attached to the vehicle, comprising the following steps: defining an angular reference point (Rref) of the wheel, said reference point being stationary relative to the wheel; defining a division of a turn of a wheel into basic consecutive sectors (S1-S8) starting from Rref, and transmitting a plurality of consecutive radio signals between the electronic wheel unit and the stationary ECC unit, such that each of the signals
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting a radio signal between an electronic unit (5) of a mobile vehicle wheel (1) and an electronic centralized control unit attached to the vehicle, comprising the following steps: defining an angular reference point (Rref) of the wheel, said reference point being stationary relative to the wheel; defining a division of a turn of the wheel into basic consecutive sectors (S1-S8) starting from the angular reference point (Rref), and transmitting a plurality of consecutive radio signals between the electronic wheel unit and the stationary electronic centralized control unit, such that each of the signals is transmitted at a predetermined angular position of the wheel, said position being calculated from the angular reference point and the division of the wheel into sectors; calculating the angular rotational speed of the wheel; determining a minimum rotational sector of the wheel that is required when a signal is being transmitted between the electronic wheel unit and the electronic centralized control unit, at the calculated angular rotational speed of the wheel; determining, from the angular reference point, an angular transmission offset between a first signal and a second signal which follows the first signal, as being the same as the smallest multiple of the basic divisional sector (S1-S8) that covers the time required for transmitting the first radio signal at the calculated angular rotational speed.

Patent
13 Apr 2015
TL;DR: A fastener insertion system, for use with an assembly stack-up, includes a fastener and an end effector as discussed by the authors, which includes a drill bit for drilling a hole through the stackup, a probe for determining a stackup parameter, and a feed head for installing the fastener into the hole and applying rotational torque to complete fastener installation.
Abstract: A fastener insertion system, for use with an assembly stack-up, includes a fastener and an end effector. The end effector includes a drill bit for drilling a hole through the stack-up, a probe for determining a stack-up parameter, and a fastener feed head for installing the fastener into the hole and applying rotational torque to complete fastener installation. The fastener insertion system also includes a processing device and an angle sensor communicatively coupled to the processing device and to the end effector. The processing device is programmed to measure, with the rotation angle sensor, the angular displacement required to complete fastener installation and to transmit a signal representative of the measured angular displacement from the angle sensor to the processing device. The processing device is also programmed to compare the measurement of angular displacement required to complete fastener installation to a range of angular displacement indicative of correct fastener installation.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
21 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a sensorless method for determining the angular position of the rotor of a synchronous motor by means of superimposing a high-frequency signal was presented, and the results during the experiment for determining angular position sensorless were analyzed.
Abstract: The article deals with sensorless method for determining the angular position of the rotor of a synchronous motor by means of superimposing a high-frequency signal. The scheme of the laboratory stand for the experiment to determine the angular position without the use of the position sensor was made. A technique for determining the angular position of the rotor with an accuracy of 30° was described. The logic diagram for its implementation was presented. The derivation of the formula for the calculation of the angular position of the synchronous motor rotor was presented. Findings during the experiment for determining the angular position sensorless were analyzed. Conclusions to reduce the cost and size of the drive system and increase its reliability were presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a compliance matrix of deep-notch elliptical flexure hinges was analyzed and solved by using Newton-Cotes quadrature formula to simplify the calculation of compliance coefficients; on the other hand, the fuzzy multiobjective optimization model with distribution was constructed, and a detailed example was given out to validate the effectiveness of the fuzzy optimization.
Abstract: Compared with commonly used flexure hinges, deep-notch elliptical flexure hinges are more suitable for flexible mechanisms with high precise transmission requirements. The rotation stiffness model of deep-notch elliptical flexure hinges was built first, and the compliance matrix was analyzed and solved by using Newton-Cotes quadrature formula to simplify the calculation of compliance coefficients; on the other hand, the fuzzy multi-objective optimization model with distribution was constructed, and a detailed example was given out to validate the effectiveness of the fuzzy optimization. The experiment results show that the desired angular displacement αz around the z axis is increased by 30.13%; while the undesired αy that around the y axis is decreased by 15.74% in experiment. The line displacements of Δy and Δz along the Y and Z axes are decreased by 18.15% and 47.69%, respectively. All the optimization data show that after the fuzzy optimization, the rotation capacity of z axis has been raised, and the motion capacity of the undesired directions has been restrained, so that the movement precision and the performance of the deep-notch elliptical flexure hinge can be improved, which is more suitable for the optical waveguide packaging positioning platform with high precision transmission.

Patent
11 Mar 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a motor rotation speed precision measuring method capable of adjusting count pulses in a self-adaptation manner is described. But this method is not suitable for the measurement of the number of high-frequency pulses generated by a crystal oscillator.
Abstract: The invention relates to a motor rotation speed precision measuring method capable of adjusting count pulses in a self-adaptation manner. The method is characterized in that a rotation transformer is coaxially mounted on a motor to measuring the angular displacement variation value of the motor and high-frequency pulses generated by a crystal oscillator are used to measure angular displacement variation time so as to obtain the rotation speed of the motor; self-adaption is used to calculate the number of the high-frequency pulses required for measuring the same angular displacement variation time in real time so as to guarantee the speed measuring precision of the motor under different rotation speeds, and frequency multiplication or frequency division is used to adjust the number of the count pulses to the required value. The method has the advantage that high-precision speed measuring, in a full speed regulation range, of the motor is achieved by changing the counting pulse frequency in real time.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In the proposed control scheme another additionally pair actuator-sensor is utilised to improve the speed and precision of the controlled system.
Abstract: A new control scheme composed of two independent stages utilised to achieve precise positioning of single-link flexible manipulators is presented herein Traditional techniques for the control of single-link flexible manipulators utilise only one actuator and two types of sensor measurement (eg the angular position of the motor and acceleration or strain measurements) to move the manipulator and in order to damp the residual vibrations produced in the displacement of the manipulator However, in the proposed control scheme another additionally pair actuator-sensor is utilised to improve the speed and precision of the controlled system On the one hand a motor and the readings of a rotary encoder are utilised in a first stage to displace the manipulator, using the strain measurements in order to damp the high amplitude and low frequency residual vibrations On the other hand piezoelectric actuators are utilised in conjunction with displacement measures of the tip of the manipulator in order to damp the low amplitude and high frequency residual vibrations which deteriorate the accuracy of the positioning achieved by the traditional control techniques Simulation and experimental results are carried out to illustrate these improvements

Patent
17 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a pipeline defect detection device consisting of a main body, supporting seats, angular displacement sensors, distance measuring sensors, probe rods, leaf springs, defect sensors, a mileage module, and a data collection storage transmission module is used for nondestructive detection of an oil-gas pipeline.
Abstract: The utility model relates to a pipeline defect detection device which is used for the nondestructive detection of an oil-gas pipeline. The pipeline defect detection device mainly comprises a main body 1, supporting seats 2, angular displacement sensors 3, distance measuring sensors 4, probe rods 5, leaf springs 6, defect sensors 7, a mileage module 8 and a data collection storage transmission module, wherein a plurality of supporting seats 2, angular displacement sensors 3, distance measuring sensors 4, probe rods 5, leaf springs 6 and defect sensors 7 are uniformly arranged on the periphery of a central axis of the main body 1; one end of each probe rod 5 is fixedly connected to the corresponding defect sensor 7, and the other end of each probe rod 5 is hinged to the corresponding supporting seat 2. By adopting the pipeline defect detection device, deformation and defects in the pipeline can be simultaneously detected; moreover, a gap between a probe and the inner wall of the pipeline can be calculated, a defect detection value can be corrected, the accurate recognition of detection data can be facilitated, and the overall detection precision can be improved.

Dissertation
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-link robot gymnast (Robogymnast) has been built in Cardiff University, which is composed of three links (one arm, one torso, one leg) and powered by two geared DC motors.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to understand the complexity and control challenges of the locomotion of a three-link mechanism of a robot system. In order to do this a three-link robot gymnast (Robogymnast) has been built in Cardiff University. The Robogymnast is composed of three links (one arm, one torso, one leg) and is powered by two geared DC motors. Currently the robot has three potentiometers to measure the relative angles between adjacent links and only one tachometer to measure the relative angular position of the first link. A mathematical model for the robot is derived using Lagrange equations. Since the model is inherently nonlinear and multivariate, it presents more challenges when modelling the Robogymnast and dealing with control motion problems. The proposed approach for dealing with the design of the control system is based on a discrete-time linear model around the upright position of the Robogymnast. To study the swinging motion of the Robogymnast, a new technique is proposed to manipulate the frequency and the amplitude of the sinusoidal signals as a means of controlling the motors. Due to the many combinations of the frequency and amplitude, an optimisation method is required to find the optimal set. The Bees Algorithm (BA), a novel swarm-based optimisation technique, is used to enhance the performance of the swinging motion through optimisation of the manipulated parameters of the control actions. The time taken to reach the upright position at its best is 128 seconds. Two different control methods are adopted to study the balancing/stablising of the Robogymnast in both the downward and upright configurations. The first is the optimal control algorithm using the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique with integrators to help achieve and maintain the set of reference trajectories. The second is a combination of Local Control (LC) and LQR. Each controller is implemented via reduced order state observer to estimate the unmeasured states in terms of their relative angular velocities. From the identified data in the relative angular positions of the upright balancing control, it is reported that the maximum amplitude of the deviation in the relative angles on average are approximately 7.5° for the first link and 18° for the second link. It is noted that the third link deviated approximately by 2.5° using only the LQR controller, and no significant deviation when using the LQR with LC. To explore the combination between swinging and balancing motions, a switching mechanism between swinging and balancing algorithm is proposed. This is achieved by dividing the controller into three stages. The first stage is the swinging control, the next stage is the transition control which is accomplished using the Independent Joint Control (IJC) technique and finally balancing control is achieved by the LQR. The duration time of the transition controller to track the reference trajectory of the Robogymnast at its best is found to be within 0.4 seconds. An external disturbance is applied to each link of the Robogymnast separately in order to study the controller's ability to overcome the disturbance and to study the controller response. The simulation of the Robogymnast and experimental realization of the controllers are implemented using MATLAB® software and the C++ program environment respectively.

Patent
01 Jul 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear error correcting method and device for an angular displacement type single-frequency laser interferometer is proposed, which consists of performing separating measurement for two-way measurement light beam strength through a light switch; extracting nonlinear errors in the related light signals; correcting DC deviation error and non-uniform amplitude of an orthogonal signal and other errors.
Abstract: The invention provides a nonlinear error correcting method and device for an angular displacement type single-frequency laser interferometer, and belongs to the technical field of laser measurement The method comprises the step of performing separating measurement for two-way measurement light beam strength through a light switch; extracting nonlinear error parameters in the related light signals; correcting DC deviation error and non-uniform amplitude of an orthogonal signal and other errors With the adoption of the method and the device, the technical effects of extracting the nonlinear error parameters in the angular displacement type single-frequency laser interferometer as startup and quickly correcting the nonlinear error in the angular displacement type single-frequency laser interferometer on real time can be achieved

Patent
Ma Ding, Zhou Yuru, Wang Bing, Yao Yuan, Li Fei 
10 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a rotor zero-adjustment structure of a double-redundancy angular displacement sensor and an adjustment method of the rotor zero adjustment structure was proposed. But the proposed method is not suitable for transducer production and it cannot guarantee the precision of the sensor, difficulty in assembly and adjustment is low and successful rate of products is greatly increased.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of transducer production and relates to a rotor zero-adjustment structure of a double-redundancy angular displacement sensor and an adjustment method of the rotor zero-adjustment structure. According to the technical scheme, the method includes that two redundancy rotors of the double-redundancy sensor are machined in a split manner, the front-end rotor is fixed as an adjustment benchmark to complete assembly of the tail-end rotor; a power supply and test equipment are put through, and meanwhile, output voltage of a front-end stator and a tail-end stator is monitored; the tail-end rotor is adjusted in position so as to enable minimum output zero voltage of the rotor to be identical to minimum output zero voltage in position. The problem about out-of-tolerance in consistency of the double-redundancy sensor due to part errors, assembly errors and the like is solved, and under the conditions that replacement of parts and reassembly are not needed, precision of the sensor is guaranteed, difficulty in assembly and adjustment is lowered, and successful rate of products is greatly increased.