Showing papers on "ATA over Ethernet published in 2016"

Formal worst-case performance analysis of time-sensitive Ethernet with frame preemption

Abstract: One of the key challenges in future Ethernet-based automotive and industrial networks is the low-latency transport of time-critical data. To date, Ethernet frames are sent non-preemptively. This introduces a major source of delay, as, in the worst-case, a latency-critical frame might be blocked by a frame of lower priority, which started transmission just before the latency-critical frame. The upcoming IEEE 802.3br standard will introduce Ethernet frame preemption to address this problem. While high-priority traffic benefits from preemption, lower-priority (yet still latency-sensitive) traffic experiences a certain overhead, impacting its timing behavior. In this paper, we present a formal timing analysis for Ethernet to derive worst-case latency bounds under preemption. We use a realistic automotive Ethernet setup to analyze the worst-case performance of standard Ethernet and Ethernet TSN under preemption and also compare our results to non-preemptive implementations of these standards.

Failure handling for active-standby redundancy in evpn data center interconnect

Abstract: Techniques are described for avoiding traffic black-holing in a multi-homed Ethernet virtual private networks (EVPNs) in which a customer device (CE) is multi-homed to a plurality of multi-homing provider edge devices (PEs) via respective links of an Ethernet segment. An overlay network is created over the Ethernet segment, and the multi-homing PEs of the EVPN are configured with a common anycast IP address for respective virtual network interfaces. Upon election as active designated forwarder (DF) for the EVPN, the DF PE of the multi-homing PEs advertises toward the customer network an IGP metric for the anycast IP address that is lower than the IGP metric(s) advertised by any of the non-DF standby PE routers segment to direct the CE to forward network packets from the customer network to the DF PE over the respective link of the Ethernet segment.

Recent trends in next generation terabit Ethernet and gigabit wireless local area network

Abstract: Bandwidth pressure on Ethernet has increased recently because of 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi standards applied to smart phones, tablets, Internet protocol television, social media, gaming etc. Due to above network industries are forced to standardize 100, 400 gigabit Ethernet speeds presently and Terabit Ethernet speeds in near future. According to Moore's law the network bandwidth is doubling every 18 months, and computer bandwidth is doubling every 24 months. This roadmap directs network industry that global network will need 10 Terabit Ethernet by 2020. Such bandwidth achievements are possible either by developing very high speed switches and routers which of course are very costly now, however, significant optical parallelization can provide a low cost solution in present situation. Demand is increasing for more number of PCs, tablets, and smart phones with HD video display day-by-day. Wired entertainment gadgets need complex cabling. To meet above requirements and to avoid complex cabling next generation wireless area networks(WLAN) standards like IEEE802.11ac/ax and 802.11ad can provide very high speed, reliability, and quality. Very high data rates can be obtained using wide frequency bands, high speed processors, and multi-input multi-output antennas. Very high attenuation because of using wide frequency band can be reduced by beam forming using large array of antennas. It results in high reliability at very high speed and wide range. This paper discusses next generation Gigabit Wi-Fi along with wired backhaul with 10, 100, and 400 Gigabit Ethernet extending to Terabit Ethernet which is expected to be available by 2020.

Formal timing analysis of CAN-to-Ethernet gateway strategies in automotive networks

Abstract: Due to increased bandwidth and scalability demands, Ethernet technology is finding its way into recent in-vehicle networks. Tomorrow's heterogeneous networks will feature legacy buses [e.g. controller area network (CAN) or FlexRay] as well as high-speed Ethernet devices, connected by switches and gateways. As Ethernet offers significantly larger frame sizes than CAN, the efficient transmission of CAN data over an Ethernet backbone depends heavily on the way this data is multiplexed into Ethernet frames. This article focuses on the timing impact introduced by various CAN/Ethernet multiplexing strategies at the gateways. We present a formal analysis method to derive upper bounds on end-to-end latencies for complex multiplexing strategies, which is key for the design of safety-critical real-time systems. We capture complex inter-domain signal paths spanning multiple buses, gateways, and switches and show the applicability in a realistic automotive setup.

Software-defined Networking for Real-time Ethernet

Abstract: Real-time Ethernet is used in many industrial and embedded systems, but has so far mostly been statically configured. However, in the future these network configurations will be required to change dynamically, for example for highly flexible production lines or even software upgrades in modern cars that add new features which require changes to the in-vehicle network. Software-defined networking (SDN) is already increasingly used to dynamically configure non-real-time networks. In this paper we explore the idea of a software-defined real-time Ethernet. We analyze the features of current real-time Ethernet protocols, the applicability of SDN and give an overview of potential advantages of software-defined networking for realtime communication which can enable features not achievable using current solutions. In the future this development will likely lead to more flexible, efficient and robust real-time networks.

Proof-of-concept for a software-defined real-time Ethernet

Abstract: In this paper we present a proof-of-concept implementation to demonstrate advantages of applying software-defined networking (SDN) to real-time Ethernet (RTE) networks. Potential advantages include the support of arbitrary network topologies, central and dynamic network (re-)configurations, the efficient use of bandwidth, and fast failover mechanisms at network level. To illustrate the advantages we implemented small proof-of-concept setups that demonstrate the features based on OpenFlow and openPowerlink. Finally, we built a practical showcase. Based on our results we believe the concept of a software-defined real-time Ethernet is worth pursuing as it may lay the groundwork for more advanced real-time networks.

Ethernet based field control module for industrial process monitor and control using ATmega328

Abstract: Considering the technological developments in the marketplace the embedded systems with multiple interface options are going to play a significant role in many monitoring and controlling applications. This paper focuses on the development of the multiple interface field control module board using microcontroller ATmega328 for monitoring and controlling the various input output devices. This board supports the Ethernet and USB interfaces. This board is controlled by sending the command from the master/master controller and computer. For handling the Ethernet communication between master controller and field control module, SPI pins of microcontroller are interfaced with Ethernet controller ENC28J60 which communicate using UDP protocol. Field control module consists of four optocoupled digital inputs and four output relays. Field control module also supports IP addressable field monitoring and controlling operations.

A scalable and resilient layer-2 network with ethernet compatibility

Abstract: We present the architecture and protocols of ROME, a layer-2 network designed to be backwards-compatible with Ethernet and scalable to tens of thousands of switches and millions of end-hosts. Such large-scale networks are needed for emerging applications including data center networks, wide area networks, and metro Ethernet. ROME is based upon a recently developed greedy routing protocol, greedy distance vector (GDV). Protocol design innovations in ROME include a stateless multicast protocol, a Delaunay distributed hash table (DHT), as well as routing and host discovery protocols for a hierarchical network. ROME protocols do not use broadcast and provide both control-plane and data-plane scalability. Extensive experimental results from a packet-level event-driven simulator, in which ROME protocols are implemented in detail, show that ROME protocols are efficient and scalable to metropolitan size. Furthermore, ROME protocols are highly resilient to network dynamics. The routing latency of ROME is only slightly higher than shortest-path latency. To demonstrate scalability, we provide simulation performance results for ROME networks with up to 25 000 switches and 1.25 million hosts.

All-IP-Ethernet architecture for real-time sensor-fusion processing

Abstract: Serendipter is a device that distinguishes and selects very rare particles and cells from huge amount of population. We are currently designing and constructing information processing system for a Serendipter. The information processing system for Serendipter is a kind of sensor-fusion system but with much more difficulties: To fulfill these requirements, we adopt All IP based architecture: All IP-Ethernet based data processing system consists of (1) sensor/detector directly output data as IP-Ethernet packet stream, (2) single Ethernet/TCP/IP streams by a L2 100Gbps Ethernet switch, (3) An FPGA board with 100Gbps Ethernet I/F connected to the switch and a Xeon based server. Circuits in the FPGA include 100Gbps Ethernet MAC, buffers and preprocessing, and real-time Deep learning circuits using multi-layer neural networks. Proposed All-IP architecture solves existing problem to construct large-scale sensor-fusion systems.

RSVP-TE Signaling Extensions in support of Flexible Ethernet networks

Abstract: This draft describes the extensions to the Resource Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) signalling protocol to support Label Switched Paths (LSPs) in a GMPLS-controlled flexible Ethernet network.

Analytical Performance Evaluation of IPv6 and IPv4 Over 10 Gigabit Ethernet and InfiniBand using IPoIB

Abstract: IPv6 is the response to the shortage of IPv4 addresses. It was defined almost twenty years ago by the IETF as a replacement of IPv4, and little by little, it is becoming more preponderant as the Internet protocol. The growth of Internet has led to the development of high performance networks. On one hand, Ethernet has evolved significantly and today it is common to find 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks in LANs. On the other hand, another approach for high performance networking is based on RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) which offers innovative features such as kernel bypass, zero copy, offload of splitting and assembly of messages in packets to the CAs (Channel Adapters), etc. InfiniBand is currently the most popular technology that implements RDMA. It uses verbs instead of sockets and a big effort of the community is required to port TCP/IP software to InfiniBand, to take advantage of its benefits. Meanwhile, IPoIB (IP over InfiniBand) is a protocol that has been proposed and permits the execution of socket-based applications on top of InfiniBand, without any change, at the expense of performance. In this paper, we make a performance evaluation of IPv6 and IPv4 over 10 Gigabit Ethernet and IPoIB. Our results show that 10 Gigabit Ethernet has a better throughput than IPoIB, especially for small and medium payload sizes. However, as the payload size increases, the advantage of 10 Gigabit Ethernet is reduced in comparison to IPoIB/FDR. With respect to latency, IPoIB did much better than 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Finally, our research also indicates that in a controlled environment, IPv4 has a better performance than IPv6.

Apparatus and method for remotely testing memory-mapped devices of a system-on-chip via an ethernet interface

Abstract: A chipset including one or more system-on-chips. The chipset includes a memory-mapped device, an Ethernet interface, and a remote management controller. The memory-mapped device includes a test access port and is configured to access a register based on an address of a memory corresponding to the register. The Ethernet interface is configured to receive Ethernet frames transmitted over an Ethernet network. One or more of the Ethernet frames are received from a host device. The one or more of the Ethernet frames are received to test the one or more system-on-chips. The remote management controller is coupled to the test access port. The remote management controller is configured to, based on the one or more of the Ethernet frames, remotely control operation of the memory-mapped device or another device in the one or more system-on-chips, and restrict (a) testing of the one or more system-on-chips or the memory-mapped device, and (b) access by the host device to the register.

Seamless ethernet approach

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a novel approach called seamless Ethernet to allow Ethernet switches to provide seamless redundancy with zero recovery time and without the need to modify the standard Ethernet frame layout or even use RSTP protocol. The idea is to flood the frame whose destination is unknown until it reaches the destination switch. The destination switch will consume the first fast frame copy that reaches it, forwarding it to the destination node and then deleting all the remaining flooded frame copies that will be delivered later through other trunk ports. As a result, all terminal off-shelf Ethernet devices will be suitable to be connected to seamless Ethernet switches to produce seamless redundancy, and at the same time, they are still able to connect to standard Ethernet switches without any modifications. Besides this feature, our seamless Ethernet approach shows a traffic reduction percentage of 50% compared to the standard HSR protocol that also provides zero recovery time service, which is another advantage for our seamless Ethernet approach, because it will free more bandwidth than the HSR protocol.

Protecting the Communications Network at Layer 2

Abstract: With the ubiquitous use of Ethernet for data communication in substation environments, the need for a security policy at the Ethernet LAN and port level is as important as ever. Corporate networks have had Layer 2 security mitigations for a long time and it is imperative that the Electric Utility industry also monitor and mitigate for threats that arise inside a network. This paper discusses threats that can arise when networks are not protected at the Layer 2 level and some of the methods available to mitigate these threats.

Test and on-line monitoring of real-time Ethernet with mixed pysical layer for Industry 4.0

Abstract: In Industry 4.0 nodes are becoming interconnected and part of the growing Industrial Internet of Things. The use of a reduced physical layer and emerging real-time Ethernet standards, enables such nodes to be implemented cost-efficiently. Technologies and standards, which focus on cost-efficient Ethernet technologies for the use in vehicles, are quite promising for industrial applications. The integration of such new technologies and nodes in existing installations will lead to mixed systems consisting of conventional Industrial Ethernet equipment and new technologies. For such a migration scenario we present first results and a test system to validate physical layers and transceivers with respect to timing and synchronizing. Live-measurement methods are given for a dedicated real-time Ethernet system that provides detailed information about timing. Within this scope we show that mixed physical layers can be introduced in real-time Ethernet networks without deteriorating timing in real time application.

Delay-bounded transport using rateless codes for I/O bus over wireless ethernet

Abstract: Extending input/output (I/O) bus networks over wireless Ethernet is expected to provide an effective way of achieving communication between multiple hosts and I/O devices. However, because connections on wireless Ethernet are lossy and unreliable, retransmission of I/O packets increases transmission latency that exceeds the limits of the I/O bus protocol. In this paper, we propose an Ethernet transport mechanism that adopts rateless codes to provide reliable transmission without having to retransmit packets. We further devised a queuing model to set the operating parameters of rateless codes to bound the probability of end-to-end latency that exceeds the defined limit value. Our results obtained through simulations and an FPGA implementation show that the proposed method decreased the transmission latency of I/O packets and enabled it to meet the requirements of the I/O bus protocol.

Design and Verification of Slave Block in Ethernet Management Interface using UVM

Abstract: Objective: Verification of the Slave block in Ethernet Management Interface using UVM. Methodology: Management data input output (MDIO) and Management data clock (MDC) is a two-wire interface used by Ethernet Station Management Entity to configure as well as read status from various PHY devices connected to it. Universal verification methodology is used to verify integrated designs. Verification of the Slave block in Ethernet Management Interface is done through UVM. Findings: Verification environment for the Slave Block in Ethernet Management Interface is built using UVM. 94.44% functional coverage and 97.96 code coverage is achieved. Applications: Ethernet protocol is used in the computer communication.

Design and implementation of ethernet based embedded network controller using ARM 7(LPC2148) processor

Abstract: In this paper, Ethernet Based Embedded Network Controller with ARM processor is proposed. GSM, TCP/IP Network and load monitoring are the main features of this project. This system is a model for data collections, monitoring, processing and controlling. The main object is to design such system using Real Time Operating System (RTOS) on ARM LPC2148 32-bit processor. The user can access the data by typing IP Address of the LAN on the browser and monitor current status of the devices. This allows the user to observe the operation periodically. MMC card is used to back up the data. The system gives proper result with respect to all the sensors. It will be very useful in the industrial applications.

Towards energy efficient data management in HPC: the open ethernet drive approach

Abstract: An Open Ethernet Drive (OED) is a new technology that encloses into a hard drive (HDD or SSD) a low-power processor, a fixed-size memory and an Ethernet card. In this study, we thoroughly evaluate the performance of such device and the energy requirements to operate it. The results show that first it is a viable solution to offload data-intensive computations on the OED while maintaining a reasonable performance, and second, the energy consumption savings from utilizing such technology are significant as it only consumes 10% of the power needed by a normal server node. We propose that by using OED devices as storage servers in HPC, we can run a reliable, scalable, cost and energy efficient storage solution.

LTE-A multiband and ethernet over large-core diameter GI-POF for wired and wireless in-home networks

Abstract: We demonstrate the successful co-transmission of 7 standard-compliant 64-QAM LTE-A bands and 2Gb/s 4-PAM over 35m of 1mm core diameter GI-POF and 3.5m LOS and NLOS wireless links. This demonstrates the suitability of POF for the next-generation home-appliance wireless-wired services. Th.2.P2.SC7: Access, Local Area and Home Networks

Unbiased Quantized Congestion Notification for Scalable Server Fabrics

Abstract: Ethernet is the predominant layer-2 networking technology in the datacenter, and it is evolving into an economical alternative for high-performance computing clusters. Ethernet traditionally drops packets in the event of congestion, but IEEE introduced lossless class services to enable the convergence of storage and IP networks. Losslessness is a simple, well-known concept, but its application in datacenters is hampered by the fear of ensuing saturation trees. In this article, the authors aim to accelerate the deployment of Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN). In particular, they first eliminate the intrinsic unfairness of QCN under typical fan-in scenarios by installing the congestion points at inputs, instead of at outputs as standard QCN does. They then demonstrate that QCN at input buffers cannot always discriminate between culprit and victim flows. To overcome this limitation, they propose a novel QCN-compatible marking scheme called "occupancy sampling." They have implemented these methods in a server-rack fabric with 640 100-Gigabit Ethernet ports.

Efficient Data Transfer Rate and Speed of Secured Ethernet Interface System.

Abstract: Embedded systems are extensively used in home automation systems, small office systems, vehicle communication systems, and health service systems. The services provided by these systems are available on the Internet and these services need to be protected. Security features like IP filtering, UDP protection, or TCP protection need to be implemented depending on the specific application used by the device. Every device on the Internet must have network interface. This paper proposes the design of the embedded Secured Ethernet Interface System to protect the service available on the Internet against the SYN flood attack. In this experimental study, Secured Ethernet Interface System is customized to protect the web service against the SYN flood attack. Secured Ethernet Interface System is implemented on ALTERA Stratix IV FPGA as a system on chip and uses the modified SYN flood attack protection method. The experimental results using Secured Ethernet Interface System indicate increase in number of genuine clients getting service from the server, considerable improvement in the data transfer rate, and better response time during the SYN flood attack.

Support for Shortest Path Bridging MAC Mode over Ethernet VPN (EVPN)

Abstract: This document describes how Ethernet Shortest Path Bridging MAC mode (SPBM) can be combined with Ethernet VPN (EVPN) to interwork with Provider Backbone Bridging Provider Edges (PBB PEs) as described in the PBB-EVPN solution (RFC 7623). This is achieved via operational isolation of each Ethernet network attached to an EVPN core while supporting full interworking between the different variations of Ethernet networks.

Development of gateway based on BroadR-reach for application in automation network

Abstract: Research to improve the performance of in-vehicle network systems has been conducted as a result of the gradual increase in the number of automotive applications that require a large amount of data (e.g., Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), Infotainment, connected car, etc.). BroadR-Reach is a technique that is used to improve the performance of in-vehicle networks by enabling Ethernet communication over single pair of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) wires. Ethernet provides much faster transfer rates and a larger payload than existing protocols such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), and FlexRay. Therefore, BroadR-Reach has been determined to be a future technique for applications such as ADAS. As in the aforementioned automotive applications, in automation applications, Real-Time Ethernet (RTE) is gaining widespread use because it is based on Ethernet. RTE provides improved performance over existing fieldbus for applications in automation networks, such as for highways, city surveillance, power substation, factory automation. This paper therefore describes the benefits of the BroadR-Reach for use in automation and also describes the development of a gateway between the RTE and RS-485 system. In addition, a method to validate the feasibility of a gateway based on BroadR-Reach has been introduced by comparing the performance of the gateway based on standard Ethernet.

The Journey of Ethernet Towards 1 TBPS and Various Fields of Application

Abstract: Objectives: The main objective of this report is to describe in detail about the elements of Ubiquitous Ethernet, Physical layers specifications of 40/100 Gbps Ethernet technology, various fields of applications and the evolution of the predominant Ethernet from 100 Mbps to 1 Tbps data rate. Statistical Analysis: The Journey of the Ethernet from the beginning of mid 1970’s is illustrated. The Physical layer specifications of latest 802.3ba Ethernet technology along with survey of the fields of applications made this report unique. Brief illustration of each application with its inherent protocol and the encoding /decoding of data communication over the serial lanes of the physical layer convey the core process of Ethernet technology. Findings: The Ease of adoptability made the remarkable Ethernet and its existence in variety fields of applications such as industry to avionics, video and voice based applications which are intended for higher network speeds. Such high data transfer applications are realized on far-flung networks by targeting the physical layer interfaces which are discussed elaborately. Up to date research findings and latest Amendments of IEEE 802.2bs which is meant for the data rate 400Gbps are cited in this report. Applications/Improvements: Broad literature survey of the existing IEEE 802.3 in various fields of application made this report unique, usher and Endeavour the researcher in the field of data communications.

Improving carrier ethernet recovery time using a fast reroute mechanism

Abstract: Ethernet has evolved from a local network technology to a technology that can be used in metro access and transport networks. Unfortunately the new Ethernet networks cannot achieve the level of reliability of traditional TDM Carrier-class networks. In order to improve Ethernet performance, we need to develop new mechanisms specifically adapted to this type of network technology. The high convergence time of control protocols is one of the problems in both traditional and new generation Ethernet networks. This paper presents a fast recovery mechanism as a solution for the high convergence time. This mechanism uses tunnels and cycles to provide a local recovery and is adapted to a Carrier-class Ethernet network controlled by a link-state protocol. Simulations are used to show the advantage of the use of this mechanism in comparison to the global recovery mechanism of link-state protocols.

The elements of the Ethernet proliferation of data rates through the bridge layer & MAC protocol stack

Abstract: Emerging Multimedia, Network storage, Cloud application striggered the growing concern for high bandwidth implications and made a reason to expand the computer networks in terms of the cost per bit perspective. The Optimistic nature, Cost effectiveness, Availability from different vendors made Ethernet a best alternative for communication infrastructure in both Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wireless LAN's. From the beginning of this inception the prominent Ethernet experiencing a dramatic transformation and the link rates are substantially paces upto 400Gbps in LAN's. With the commencement of Wireless LAN protocol 802.11acwhich has outspread impact on industrial to avionics applications. The primary Objective of this paper is to introduce evolution of Ethernet in both wired and wireless fields of applications through the proliferation of MAC protocols.