Showing papers on "Avena published in 2020"
TL;DR: Oats cultivar SGD-81 would be good substitute of fiber and also loaded with other promising functional attributes including total flavonoid contents, total phenolic contents,total flavonol conetnts and anthocyanin contents, indicating great potential for value addition of the oat cultivar.
Abstract: Oats are increasingly recognized as super food owing to the presence of multiple health promoting substances Five indigenous oat cultivars S2000, PD2LV65, SGD2011, Avon and SGD81 were characterize
17 citations
TL;DR: Oil, oleic acid, protein and Zn content show a positive correlation, and the identified oat cultivars with high nutritive values would be promising for breeding programs and for providing important nutrient sources for human consumption.
Abstract: The common oat (Avena sativa L.) is an excellent source of nutritional compounds. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify oat accessions cultivated in Russia with high nutritive values of grain components, including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), protein, oil and fatty acids, and (2) to determine how the measured components are interrelated. Fifty oat accessions from the Russian germplasm collection held at the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources were characterized. Considerable genetic variation appeared to exist in almost all nutritional contents among genotypes grown in the same environment. Genotypic variations for seed Fe and Zn were moderate (1.9–2.7-fold), while those for Mn were relatively high (10.5-fold). A 1.8-fold variation between the lowest (10.9%) and highest (19.3%) protein content in the oat grain was found. High variation in oil content (2.7–8.1%) was found among the 50 cultivated oat accessions. Major fatty acids in oat oil were linoleic (C18:2) and oleic (C18:1) acids with higher C18:2 than C18:1 in all accessions. Oil, oleic acid, protein and Zn content show a positive correlation. The identified oat cultivars with high nutritive values would be promising for breeding programs and for providing important nutrient sources for human consumption.
16 citations
TL;DR: The striking effect on starch synthesis in the wheat endosperm indicates that an important indirect role of WRI1 is to divert carbon allocation away from starch biosynthesis in plant storage tissues that accumulate oil.
Abstract: Cereal grains, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are major sources of food and feed, with wheat being dominant in temperate zones. These end uses exploit the storage reserves in the starchy endosperm of the grain, with starch being the major storage component in most cereal species. However, oats (Avena sativa L.) differs in that the starchy endosperm stores significant amounts of oil. Understanding the control of carbon allocation between groups of storage compounds, such as starch and oil, is therefore important for understanding the composition and hence end use quality of cereals. WRINKLED1 is a transcription factor known to induce triacylglycerol (TAG; oil) accumulation in several plant storage tissues. An oat endosperm homolog of WRI1 (AsWRI1) expressed from the endosperm-specific HMW1Dx5 promoter resulted in drastic changes in carbon allocation in wheat grains, with reduced seed weight and a wrinkled seed phenotype. The starch content of mature grain endosperms of AsWRI1-wheat was reduced compared to controls (from 62 to 22% by dry weight (dw)), TAG was increased by up to nine-fold (from 0.7 to 6.4% oil by dw) and sucrose from 1.5 to 10% by dw. Expression of AsWRI1 in wheat grains also resulted in multiple layers of elongated peripheral aleurone cells. RNA-sequencing, lipid analyses, and pulse-chase experiments using 14C-sucrose indicated that futile cycling of fatty acids could be a limitation for oil accumulation. Our data show that expression of oat endosperm WRI1 in the wheat endosperm results in changes in metabolism which could underpin the application of biotechnology to manipulate grain composition. In particular, the striking effect on starch synthesis in the wheat endosperm indicates that an important indirect role of WRI1 is to divert carbon allocation away from starch biosynthesis in plant storage tissues that accumulate oil.
16 citations
13 Aug 2020
TL;DR: The selection of high salinity-tolerant genotypes should focus on genotypes with photosynthetic resilience to salt, followed by high N metabolism to ensure accumulation of more N in the shoot dry matter.
Abstract: Identifying suitable salt stress-tolerant phenotypes based on their agronomic and physiological traits remains a herculean task in forage-type oat (Avena sativa L.) breeding. This study examined the responses of six forage-type oat cultivars under four levels of saline stress over the vegetative growth cycle. Crop growth, water status-related traits and nitrogen status-related traits were analyzed in different plant parts to evaluate effective approaches for identifying salt tolerance. Plant biomass, height, tiller number and culm thickness changed substantially during salinity, but they were not precise enough for use in estimating genotypic salinity tolerance during long-term stress. Genotypes bearing larger numbers of tillers showed greater sensitivity to salinity due to its effects on biomass loss. Tolerant genotypes exhibited higher relative shoot biomass together with higher water use efficiency. The concentrations of Na+, K+ and their ratio, combined with the δ13C in shoots and roots were effective indicators for estimating tolerant genotypes through better water maintenance. N concentrations of shoots were the most efficient for evaluating genotypic tolerance. Low nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity might be key factors limiting N accumulation. Chlorophyll (Chl) content and net photosynthetic rate, as well as stomatal conductance and evaporation, were useful for identifying salinity tolerance physiological mechanisms, but the effectiveness was low for genotypic tolerance testing for forage type oats due to the interaction between genotypes and salinity levels. The selection of high salinity-tolerant genotypes should focus on genotypes with photosynthetic resilience to salt, followed by high N metabolism (higher NR and GS activities) to ensure accumulation of more N in the shoot dry matter.
10 citations
TL;DR: Results from this study indicate that residual herbicides can be effectively integrated either PP or POST in conjunction with cover crop termination applications, but termination timing and biomass accumulation will affect the amount of sulfentrazone reaching the soil.
Abstract: Cover crops have increased in popularity in midwestern U.S. corn and soybean systems in recent years. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate how cover crops and residual herbicides are effectively integrated together for weed control in a soybean production system. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate summer annual weed control and to determine the effect of cover crop biomass on residual herbicide reaching the soil. The herbicide treatments consisted of preplant (PP) applications of glyphosate plus 2,4-D with or without sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron at two different timings, 21 and 7 d prior to soybean planting (DPP). Cover crops evaluated included winter vetch, cereal rye, Italian ryegrass, oat, Austrian winter pea, winter wheat, and a winter vetch plus cereal rye mixture. Herbicide treatments were applied to tilled and nontilled soil without cover crop for comparison. The tillage treatment resulted in low weed biomass at all collection intervals after both application timings, which corresponded to tilled soil having the highest sulfentrazone concentration (171 ng g–1) compared with all cover crop treatments. When applied PP, herbicide treatments applied 21 DPP with sulfentrazone had greater weed (93%) and waterhemp (89%) control than when applied 7 DPP (60% and 69%, respectively). When applied POST, herbicide treatments with a residual herbicide resulted in greater weed and waterhemp control at 7 DPP (83% and 77%, respectively) than at 21 DPP (74% and 61%, respectively). Herbicide programs that included a residual herbicide had the highest soybean yields (≥3,403 kg ha–1). Results from this study indicate that residual herbicides can be effectively integrated either PP or POST in conjunction with cover crop termination applications, but termination timing and biomass accumulation will affect the amount of sulfentrazone reaching the soil.Nomenclature: 2,4-D; chlorimuron; glyphosate; sulfentrazone; Austrian winter pea, Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir; cereal rye, Secale cereal L.; corn, Zea mays L.; Italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot; oat, Avena sativa L.; waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer.; winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; winter vetch, Vicia villosa Roth ssp. varia (Host) Corb.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.
8 citations
TL;DR: The study showed that a higher total seed yields of both forms of chickpeas grown in both pure sowing and with spring cereals was obtained in 2018 than 2017, which was the result of a greater number of pods, seeds, and higher weight of the chickpea seed and cereal grains on a plant.
Abstract: A field study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Grabow in Poland between 2017–2018. This study evaluated seed yield and chemical composition of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) under organic conditions, either growing as a sole crop, or with barley (Hordeum vulgare) or oats (Avena sativa L.) as supporting plants. Two chickpea types were included in experiment scheme: kabuli and desi. The experiment was established as a split-plot design with four replicates. The study showed that a higher total seed yields of both forms of chickpeas grown in both pure sowing and with spring cereals was obtained in 2018 than 2017. The higher yield in this study period was the result of a greater number of pods, seeds, and higher weight of the chickpea seed and cereal grains on a plant. Higher yields were noted in chickpeas grown with supporting crops than in sole cropping. Significantly better thousand seed weight of both botanical forms of chickpeas was observed in chickpeas grown in sole cropping than with supporting plants. Regardless of cropping method, the desi form was characterized by higher yields than the kabuli type, and its percentage in seed yields of chickpeas grown with cereals was higher than the kabuli type. The highest seed yields were obtained in chickpeas grown with oats. Neither chickpea type had a significant effect on the height of cereal plant, the number of grains on each plant, the number of producing shoots or thousandgrainweight of the two cereal species. Regardless of cropping method, the highest content of fiber and fat was determined in desi-type seeds, while the highest protein and phosphorus content was characterized kabuli-type seeds.
8 citations
TL;DR: The oat B2 intercropped was the shortest, the latest flowering and the less vigorous early in the season, a trait that allowed common vetch to dominate in the intercrop and contributed to high CP, CPY, acid detergent lignin, total digestible nutrients, relative feeding value, relative forage quality, net energy for lactation and low neutral detergent fibre.
Abstract: Oat (Avena spp. L.) intercropped with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) has shown high forage yield and crude protein content (CP) in rainfed Mediterranean environments of Greece. The objective was to study the oat genotypic interactions for yield, quality and agronomic traits of four oat accessions (cv. Flega and lines B2, B3 and B4) grown as intercrops with a common vetch cultivar (Pegasus) and as monocrops without or with nitrogen (N) supplementation (100 kg N/ha). In all mixtures, the land equivalent ratio exceeded the unit indicating that there was a yield advantage. Intercrops produced, on average, 5.0% less dry matter (DM) and 38.9% more crude protein yield (CPY) compared to monocropped oats with N fertilization and 3.4% more DM and 75.5% more CPY compared to monocropped oats without N fertilization. The DM, CP and quality differences between the intercropped and monocropped oats were attributed to oats by vetch cultivar interactions. The oat B2 intercropped was the shortest, the latest flowering and the less vigorous early in the season, a trait that allowed common vetch to dominate in the intercrop (vetch participation 770 g/kg). The high vetch fragment in the intercrop contributed to high CP, CPY, acid detergent lignin, total digestible nutrients, relative feeding value, relative forage quality, net energy for lactation and to low neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and hemicellulose. The replacement value index indicated that the intercrop was 21% more economically viable in comparison to the fertilized monocrop.
8 citations
TL;DR: The composition of cooked sausages was affected by their formulation, particularly those with chia EG (C-RF) which featured the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content, mainly due to the higher level of α-linolenic fatty acid.
Abstract: This paper evaluates how grilling, a traditional culinary procedure for fresh meat products, affects the composition and technological properties of healthy longanizas formulated with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) (C-RF) and oat (Avena sativa L.) (O-RF) emulsion gels (EGs) as animal fat replacers. The use of EGs, regardless of whether they contain chia or oat, improved longaniza performance during cooking as they lost less (p < 0.05) water and fat. The composition of cooked sausages was affected by their formulation, particularly those with chia EG (C-RF) which featured the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content, mainly due to the higher level of α-linolenic fatty acid (1.09 g/100 g of product). Chia and oat EGs in C-RF and O-RF allow longanizas to be labeled with nutritional and health claims under European law. In general, this culinary procedure increases (p < 0.05) the lightness, lipid oxidation and texture parameters of all samples.
7 citations
TL;DR: A sensitive HPLC-MS/MS-method was developed to quantitate bitter-tasting steroidal and furostanol-saponins as well as avenanthramides, which confirmed for the first time to be major contributors to the bitter off-taste of oats.
Abstract: A total of 59 taste-active molecules were quantitated and then rated for their individual taste impact on the basis of dose-over-threshold factors in oat flour (Avena sativa L.). A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to quantitate bitter-tasting steroidal and furostanol saponins as well as avenanthramides. Four monoglycerides, five free fatty acids and four saponins were confirmed for the first time to be major contributors to the bitter off-taste of oats, among them 1-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol, 1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol, 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, 1-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid as well as avenacosides A and B and the recently identified furostanosides 3-(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosid)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-ene-3β,22,26-triol and 3-(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosid)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-ene-3β,22,26-triol. By means of a stable isotope dilution assay, quantitated avenanthramides 2c, 2p, 2f, 1p, 1c, 1f, and 3f were found in concentrations below their thresholds and, therefore, did not contribute to the bitter sensation of the tested oat flour.
7 citations
02 Mar 2020
TL;DR: Biomass and nitrogen accumulation in white oat ( Avena sativa L.) under water deficit under water deficits is studied in São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract: Knowledge on nitrogen absorption rate by crops can indicate important managements, especially the definition of rates of this nutrient and the best time for topdressing application. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accumulation of biomass and nitrogen in white oat cultivated under severe, moderate and no water deficit. Treatments consisted of levels of irrigation, with four repetitions. The treatments under severe water deficit (L1), moderate deficit (L3) and no deficit (L5) received 11%, 60% and 100% of the water volume evapotranspired by the crop (ETc). For each treatment, six plants were collected in each replicate. After collection, plants were separated into leaves, culm and reproductive structures (panicle + grains). Second and third order regressions were tested to model the behavior of biomass and nitrogen accumulation in white oat leaves, culms, reproductive structures and total over time. The maximum total nitrogen accumulation in white oat plants in the treatments L1, L3 and L5 was 50 kg ha-1, 163 kg ha-1 and 246 kg ha-1, respectively. Severe water deficit drastically reduced biomass and nitrogen accumulation in white oat. Severe water deficit causes earlier peak of biomass and nitrogen accumulation, reduces nitrogen accumulation rate and shortens cycle of white oats.
7 citations
15 Dec 2020
TL;DR: The hypothesis was that oats with higher content of β-D-glucans are better protected and the manifestation of artificial inoculation with Fusarium strains is weaker.
Abstract: In human nutrition, oats (Avena sativa L.) are mainly used for their dietary fiber, β-D-glucans and protein content. The content of β-D-glucans in oat grain is 2-7% and is influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors. High levels of this cell walls polysaccharide are observed in naked grains of cultivated oat. It the work, the relationship between the content of β-D-glucans in oat grain and the infection with Fusarium graminearum (FG) and Fusarium culmorum (FC) was analyzed. The hypothesis was that oats with higher content of β-D-glucans are better protected and the manifestation of artificial inoculation with Fusarium strains is weaker. In the 22 oat samples analyzed, the content of β-D-glucans was 0.71-5.06%. In controls, the average content was 2.15% for hulled and 3.25% for naked grains of cultivated oats. After the infection, a decrease was observed in all, naked, hulled and wild oats. As an evidence of lower rate of infection, statistically significant lower percentage of pathogen DNA (0.39%) and less deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin (FC infection 10.66 mg/kg and FG 4.92 mg/kg) were observed in naked grains compared to hulled where the level of pathogen DNA was 2.09% and the average DON level was 21.95 mg/kg (FC) and 5.52 mg/kg (FG).
31 Jul 2020
TL;DR: In the Southern Region of Ecuador, the production of oat and wheat obtained through a Hydroponic Green Forage (HGF) system was compared to the conventional or Open Field (OF) production system, showing complementarity of the two production systems, especially in wheat cropping.
Abstract: In the Southern Region of Ecuador, the production of oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) obtained through a Hydroponic Green Forage (HGF) system was compared to the conventional or Open Field (OF) production system. For each production system and crop, the experiment was established under a complete block design, installing four treatments (two in HGF and two in OF), with three repetitions each. The plant height (PH) of each crop was evaluated for each production system, while for each system and crop, the production of biomass, crude protein (CP) (p < 0.05), and the benefit-cost ratio (B/C) were determined. The highest PH was obtained in HGF wheat with 17.67 cm and in OF oat with 82.78 cm. In biomass production, HGF wheat reached 23.57 kg/m2 green matter (GM) or 3.10 kg/m2 dry matter (DM); the rest of the treatments were below 13 kg/m2 GM (1.39 kg/m2 DM). The percentage of protein in OF wheat was higher with 19.90 %, followed by OF oat, whereas HGF wheat and HGF oat exhibited values of around 10 %. Concerning the benefit-cost ratio, the HGF wheat showed values of 1.46 compared to HGF oat with 0.67, OF wheat with 0.26, and OF oat with 1.00. For this reason, the complementarity of the two production systems, especially in wheat cropping, could be an option for animal feed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present Physiological Characteristics of Germinated Oat (Avena sativa) Extract as Raw Material for Cosmetics and present an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract: Copyright c Korea Institute of Dermatological Sciences. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Physiological Characteristics of Germinated Oat (Avena sativa) Extract as Raw Material for Cosmetics
27 Jul 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the phytotoxic effects of Lantana camara extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of Avena sativa (L.) were assessed.
Abstract: Lantana camara (L.) is considered one of the main weeds of agricultural crops, and allelochemicals produced by this species may be a source for the development of natural herbicides. In this study, phytotoxic effects of L. camara aqueous extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of Avena sativa (L.) were assessed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with treatments resulting from two assays, testing five concentrations of the extract (0 %, 2.5 %, 5.0 %, 7.5 % and 10 %; vv-1). During the seed germination, physiological (e.g., seed imbibition, germination and vigor) and biochemical (e.g., catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, phenols, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) proprieties were evaluated. The leaf extracts of L. camara affected the response variables on A. sativa by reducing the germination speed index (phases I and II) and seed viability (phase III of germination), thus causing a solute leakage and increasing the production of reactive oxygen forms and, finally, lipid peroxidation. Extract concentrations above 2.5 % inhibit the growth of epicotyls. Therefore, the studied allelochemicals showed potential to be exploited in the development of natural herbicides.
KEYWORDS: Antioxidant system, bioactive compounds, seed physiology, phytotoxicity.
TL;DR: The increase in N rates up to 90 kg ha -1 did not promote grain yield, but it provided increases in grain thickness and protein content in white oats cultivars, increasing the nutritional, industrial quality and grain yield leading to more profit to farmer.
Abstract: Nitrogen is a nutrient that most limits the development, biomass yield and protein composition of Poaceae. The N losses can be reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of N topdressing at different rates and times on grain yield and industrial quality of two white oat cultivars. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, from July to November of 2014, in a factorial design 2 x 3 x 4, with four replications. Two oat cultivars (URS Guria and URS Brava) combined with nitrogen topdressing were applied under three management systems: (i) semilate, (ii) late and (iii) semi-late plus late, described as a growth stages (GS) GS31 (first node visible) and GS45 (booting) or split N on GS31 plus GS45 and N rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha -1 ) with urea as a source. White oat cultivars responded differently to nitrogen fertilization. The URS Brava cultivar showed higher hectoliter weight (HW) and crude protein in the grains (CP) and URS Guria higher number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) and plant lodging (LOD). Application of at least part of the N at the first detectable node played important role on grain yield and yield components. Splitting N fertilization in two applications, 50% at the beginning of stem elongation and 50% at booting, favored higher yield and protein content of the grains. The increase in N rates up to 90 kg ha -1 did not promote grain yield, but it provided increases in grain thickness and protein content in white oats cultivars, increasing the nutritional (more protein), industrial quality (more flakes per ton of the grains) and grain yield leading to more profit to farmer.
TL;DR: This study examined the resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in four oat breeding lines of mass planting potential for winter in Taiwan and provided ground information for nematodes-resistant oat cultivar breeding.
Abstract: Including pest resistance elements against the major local concern is naturally important in the breeding process. Oat (Avena sativa L.) has been recently reintroduced into Taiwan as a winter alternative forage crop, and its agronomic performance has been evaluated at different locations in the country. This study examined the resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in four oat (Avena sativa L.) breeding lines of mass planting potential for winter in Taiwan. The host attraction level to the nematode, and the penetration and reproduction ability of nematode towards host roots were evaluated by chemotaxis assay, root staining assay, root galling, and nematode extraction. Based on the gall index (GI) and multiplication factor (R), the resistance of each oat line was evaluated. At 24 h postinoculation, second-stage juvenile (J2) nematodes appeared most attracted by oat breeding lines UFRGS136104-3 and UFRGS136119-2. The number of J2s successfully penetrated into the two breeding lines were also high. However, at 40 days postinoculation, observation of the oats in the newly developed culture bag nematode-inoculation system revealed that the amount of root galls and 2nd generation nematodes were significantly higher in line LA08085BS-T2 than in other lines. In sum, oat breeding line UFRGS136104-3 was highly resistant to M. graminicola by inhibiting the gall formation and nematode reproduction, while UFRGS136106-3 and UFRGS136119-2 showed relatively weak resistance and oat line LA08085BS-T2 would be a moderately susceptible host to M. graminicola, with high numbers of root gall formation. The outcome of this study provides ground information for nematode-resistant oat cultivar breeding.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Forage yield per se is an important criterion to determine the sustainable forage yield of elite cultivars subjected to the selection for heat tolerance during early transgressive segregation especially for stays green related traits.
Abstract: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important forage and grain crop of the world being cultivated in 78 countries and it occupies the largest area in Russian Federation (FAO, 2016). In Pakistan, oat crop is major winter grass forage. The crop has succulent soft leaves and stem with high palatability for the milk animals, horses and donkeys which may be fed as green or processed as silage and hay (Stevens et al., 2004). Average yield of the green forage oat crop was about 20-30 tons ha and was also affected by various biotic and abiotic factors (Peterson et al., 2005, Lodhi et al., 2009). However, improved varieties may be developed with the potential to provide 6080 tons ha due to better stability and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Increasing forage yield is an ambitious oat breeding objective. Breeders generally select high yielding cultivar through transgressive segregation and establish pure lines. However, oat forage or grain yield was threatened by various factors including late terminal phase high temperature. Rising temperature due to increasing CO2 is one of the major factors affecting crop yield (Prasad et al., 2008, Kalyaret al.,2014, Niaiziet al., 2015). Therefore, development of temperature resilient crops is fundamental for reducing the yield losses (Hussain et al., 2018; Qadir et al., 2019). In oat, heat stress during late terminal phase induces early senescence of crop and reduces the crop duration period which ultimately reduces crop forage yield (Quiles, 2006). A few studies have been conducted to develop heat resistant oat genotypes, despite terminal phase heat stress is an important yield limiting factor in arid or semi-arid environment. Terminal heat stress in wheat (T. durum and T. aestivum) caused a yield reduction of 44% and 26% respectively in both species (Modhej et al., 2012). Forage yield per se is an important criterion to determine the sustainable forage yield of elite cultivars subjected to the selection for heat tolerance during early transgressive segregation especially for stays green related traits. The objective of the study was to compare newly developed advanced lines against the approved and germplasm accessions for yield and its components under terminal heat stress.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: The 23rd International Grassland Congress (Sustainable use of Grassland Resources for Forage Production, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection) took place in New Delhi, India from November 20 through November 24, 2015.
Abstract: Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/23/2-6-1/12 The 23rd International Grassland Congress (Sustainable use of Grassland Resources for Forage Production, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection) took place in New Delhi, India from November 20 through November 24, 2015. Proceedings Editors: M. M. Roy, D. R. Malaviya, V. K. Yadav, Tejveer Singh, R. P. Sah, D. Vijay, and A. Radhakrishna Published by Range Management Society of India
17 Feb 2020
TL;DR: It is found that liver was rich in 18:2n-6, while muscle and adipose tissues accumulated mainly 18:3n-3, which may indicate different roles of these FAs in the metabolism of the horses.
Abstract: For the first time, seasonal changes in the content of total lipids (TLs) and phospholipids (PLs) were studied in fodder plants growing in Central Yakutia-a perennial cereal, smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis L.), and an annual cereal, common oat (Avena sativa L.). Both species have concentrated TLs and PLs in autumn under cold hardening. In addition, a significant increase in the content of fatty acids (FAs) of B. inermis was observed during the autumn decrease in temperature. The Yakutian horses, which fed on cereals enriched with nutrients preserved by natural cold (green cryo-fodder), accumulated significant amounts of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, the total content of which in cereals was 75% of the total FA content. We found differences in the distribution of these two FAs in different tissues of the horses. Thus, liver was rich in 18:2n-6, while muscle and adipose tissues accumulated mainly 18:3n-3. Such a distribution may indicate different roles of these FAs in the metabolism of the horses. According to FA content, meat of the Yakutian horses is a valuable dietary product.
TL;DR: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a significant annual crop of the Poaceae family which is probably originated in Asia Minor region and has many uses viz., a cereal, a feed grain, green or conserved fodder.
Abstract: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a significant annual crop of the Poaceae family which is probably originated in Asia Minor region, Gibson and Benson (2002). The genus Avena consists of almost 70 species, though only a few of these are utilised for cultivation, specifying the selfpollinated, hexaploid (2n= 6x=42) nature. Avena sativa L. and Avena byzantina K., known as white oat and red oat, respectively, is the common grown oats for fodder and grain purpose. Recently, A. strigosa has become significant in subtropical and temperate situations as winter cover crop and a forage crop. The crop, oat has many uses viz., a cereal, a feed grain, green or conserved fodder.
30 Apr 2020
TL;DR: Thirty F1s obtained by crossing ten lines and three testers selected from oat germplasm were evaluated along with parents in RBD during winter season of 2017-18 and showed significant variability among the parents and hybrids for all character under study, indicating that the wide spectrum of variation among parents and crosses is indicated.
Abstract: Thirty F1s obtained by crossing ten lines and three testers selected from oat germplasm were evaluated along with parents in RBD during winter season of 2017-18. The observations were recorded on eleven metric characters. Analysis of variance showed significant variability among the parents and hybrids for all character under study indicated that the wide spectrum of variation among the parents and crosses. Analysis of variance among lines and testers with respect to gca and sca of crosses was observed significant differences for all traits. Both additive and dominance genetic variances were involved in the determination of these traits. Lines namely, CSAOFSC12-2, CSAOFSC, JHO3-91, OS344, OS1, CSAOFSC11-4, CSAOFSC11-1, ANDO1, NDO25 and CSAOFSC12-1 which having high gca effects in desirable direction for seed yield and yield components characters may be incorporated in crossing programme to have better genotypes for better yield. The good specific combinations were OS1x ANDO2, JHO3-91 x ANDO2, OS344 x ANDO2, CSAOFSC11-5 x ANDO2, CSAOFSC12-2 x ANDO2, ANDO1 x JHO2007-2 and CSAOFSC11-4 x ANDO2 for different traits. These crosses may be utilized for obtaining transgressive sergeants in the next generation for the selection in oat improvement programme. Highest significant and positive heterosis for seed yield per plant was shown by OS344 x ANDO2 followed by CSAOFSC11-4 x Kent, OS344 x Kent ANDO1 x JHO2007-2 and CSAOFSC11-4 x ANDO2 may be used in heterosis breeding programme for enhancement in seed yield per plant.
TL;DR: Oatmeal has its origin in Central Asia and is an important crop in Mexico, where there are high grain yields, besides as being an alternative for producers who sow in temporary, and the effect of chemical and organic fertilization on the yield and physiological quality of the seed of three oats varieties, during two agricultural cycles (years).
Abstract: Introduction. Oatmeal (Avena sativa L.) has its origin in Central Asia and is an important crop in Mexico, where there are high grain yields, besides as being an alternative for producers who sow in temporary. Objective. To evaluate the effect of chemical and organic fertilization on the yield and physiological quality of the seed of three oats varieties, during two agricultural cycles (years). Materials and methods. The experiment was established during the autumn-winter cycle at the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico campus Roque, Guanajuato, Mexico. Two sowing dates were established in 2015 and 2016, considered as factor A. The varieties of the experiment were Turquoise, Diamond, and Chihuahua, assigned as factor B and five fertilizations based on vermicompost and chemical nutrition as factor C, sowed in three replications. Seed physiological quality variables and seed yield components were measured. Characteristics were analyzed in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement and a Tukey 0.05 mean comparison test. Results. The environmental effect influenced the seed quality, agronomic characteristics, and grain yield. In the 2016/17 cycle there was a 14.41 % increase in seed yield compared to the 2015/16 cycle. The three oats varieties maintained the same behavior pattern, statistically the same for germination, days to seedling (appearance of the flower knot on the stem), days to flowering, number of seeds per spike, weight of 1000 seeds and seed yield. Oat yield and other physiological quality characters were similar with vermicompost (6.38 t ha-1) and chemical fertilization (6.46 t ha-1). Conclusion. A similar response was found in yield, weight of 1000 seeds, and physiological seed quality, with both types of fertilization.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical, chemical and mineral composition of rolled oats were analyzed. But the results of the chemical analysis showed that the content of moisture in the oats was 4.206%, ash content was about 1.97 per cent, total carbohydrates ranged about 55.75 per percent, the crude protein content was 12.62 per cent.
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the physical, chemical and mineral composition of rolled oats. The analysis of the physical properties of oats showed that the average 1000 Kernel weight was 30.89 gms. Bulk density of oats was found to be 0.419 gm/cm³ whereas true density was 1.19 gm/cm³. Porosity of rolled oats was recorded to be 64.45 per cent, whereas Angle of repose was 46.4ᵒ for oats. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the content of moisture in the oats was 4.206%, ash content was about 1.97 per cent, total carbohydrates ranged about 55.75 per cent, the crude protein content was 12.62 per cent, crude fat content was 6.91 per cent and the total fiber content was around 13.65 per cent. The concentration of calcium was recorded to be 60.13mg/100g, oat was observed to have 474.06mg/100g of phosphorus, whereas 115mg/100g of magnesium and 9.23mg/100g of iron was found in oats. The potassium content was observed to be 337mg/100g.
10 Dec 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the results of the analysis have shown that potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium are the dominant elements in the raw material, while other elements such as aluminum, iron, manganese, strontium, zinc, honey and lead also present in the studied raw material.
Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of the elemental composition of the fruits of common oat ( Avena sativa L.) harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The elemental composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of the analysis have shown that potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium are the dominant elements in the raw material. The elements such as aluminum, iron, manganese, strontium, zinc, honey and lead also present in the studied raw material. The presence of essential elements to a certain degree increases the biological activity of the oat fruit. It is caused by their complex action in combination with main active substances.
TL;DR: Despite the better nutritional quality presented by the IPR Cabocla genotype before ensiling, the BRS Centauro genotype presented a higher yield of digestible dry matter per hectare.
Abstract: This study evaluated dry matter yield and nutritional characteristics of different oat genotypes (Avena spp.) for ensiling. Treatments consisted of genotypes of white oat IPR 126 (Avena sativa), black oat Cabocla IPR and Agrocoxilha (Avena strigosa), and BRS Madrugada and BRS Centauro (Avena vertis). Oats were harvested at the phenological stage of milk/dough grain. The design was a completely randomized block scheme, with five treatments and three replications per treatment. The IPR Cabocla genotype showed the highest dry matter content (before and after silo opening) and in vitro dry matter digestibility of fresh forage. No differences were observed for in vitro dry matter digestibility and dry matter losses among silages. The highest silage digestible dry matter yield (kg ha-1) was observed for the BRS Centauro genotype. Thus, despite the better nutritional quality presented by the IPR Cabocla genotype before ensiling, BRS Centauro genotype presented a higher yield of digestible dry matter per hectare.
TL;DR: In this article, mineral deficiency is a well-documented problem in food and forage crops, reducing the probabilities of nutritional security, which often limits the performance of the animals (Corah, 1996); however, many trace or inorganic elements are essential for normal growth, production and reproduction of animals that include zinc, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and perhaps chromium and fluorine.
Abstract: Mineral deficiency is a well-documented problem in food and forage crops, reducing the probabilities of nutritional security. Mineral deficiency/imbalances in livestock feeds and forages have been observed in tropical and sub-tropical regions (McDowell, 1996), which often limits the performance of the animals (Corah, 1996). Several trace or inorganic elements are essential for normal growth, production and reproduction of animals that includes zinc, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and perhaps chromium and fluorine, among them zinc has immense importance International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 7 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
TL;DR: To acquire potentiality under productivity and seed quality in Oat crop, the seed priming was applied through implication of three organic compounds viz.
Abstract: To acquire potentiality under productivity and seed quality in Oat crop, the seed priming was applied through implication of three organic compounds viz. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Salicylic acid (SA) and Nicotinic acid (NA) under diverse concentrations and treatment durations. In assessment, the observations allied to seven yield attributes for getting the real exposure of qualitative and quantitative plant nature. The treatments, T8 (NAA,75ppm) followed by T9 (NAA,100ppm) and T4 (SA,10ppm) were most operative with significant disparity among varied treatments except in seeds spikelet-1. The treatment durations showed non-significant demarcation though, D2 was hopeful for few characters predominantly in spikelet panicle-1, seed volume. Similarly, the interaction of treatment and duration showed non-significant demarcation in which T8D2 interacted value was the top. Correlation values indicated positive effect for most characters especially in seed yield though exception was observed in few cases. Diverse treatments specified the extent of effects on seed or plant to upgrade the qualitative and quantitative manner. The treatments, T8 and T4 with precise duration may be added for fodder seed production to obtain capable seed.
16 Jul 2020
TL;DR: The paper determines the absolute and relative growth rates of the oat shoot internode paper and the maximum growth rate of each metamer in the linear phase and finds the effective sum temperatures under which the beginning and the end of the growth of each internodes take place.
Abstract: Oats is essential for agricultural production and processing industry due to the unique biochemical composition of its grain. Thus, it is very important to study the biological and morphometric features of oats. The length and area of the plant's organs can establish a degree of comfort of growing conditions and determine during which period of plant's life the external weather conditions changed. Phytomers are basic repetitive functional units of the oat shoot. This paper presents the description and parameters of development of oat shoot metamers, namely, the identification of growth patterns of terrestrial vegetative metamers of oat shoots and their parts. The experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014 and 2018. The weather conditions of the specified years varied greatly – 2013 and 2014 were the most favorable in terms of humidification and precipitation, while 2018 was a very dry one. The paper determines the absolute and relative growth rates of the oat shoot internode paper and the maximum growth rate of each metamer in the linear phase. According to our observations, the absolute growth rate of oats was negligible and increased from 0.01 to 0.5 mm/d when the air temperature varied from 15 °C to 20 °C. However, when the air temperature reached about 20 °C, the absolute growth rate increased from 0.5 mm/d to almost 2 mm/d. We also found the effective sum temperatures under which the beginning and the end of the growth of each internodes take place. Thus, the first internode starts to grow the effective temperature sum of up to 117 °C is with the accumulated while the panicle starts growing when the effective temperature sum of up to 668 °C is accumulated. The growth of both the seventh internode and the panicle stops at the same time when the effective temperature sum of up to 1173 °C is accumulated. The ontogeny of oat shoots has a regular sequence of growth and development of terrestrial vegetative shoot metamers and their parts. The average growth duration of oat stem internode duting the years of research constituted 9 days for the first internode, 30 days for the seventh internode and 26 days for the panicle .