Showing papers on "Big Five personality traits published in 1970"
517 citations
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01 Jan 1970TL;DR: In this article, the measurement of personality traits by scales and inventories can help to solve the problem of where to get the ideas from which to write and how to write according to what books to read.
Abstract: When writing can change your life, when writing can enrich you by offering much money, why don't you try it? Are you still very confused of where getting the ideas? Do you still have no idea with what you are going to write? Now, you will need reading. A good writer is a good reader at once. You can define how you write depending on what books to read. This the measurement of personality traits by scales and inventories can help you to solve the problem. It can be one of the right sources to develop your writing skill.
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TL;DR: A large number of students at two universities concluded that marijuana use at two Universities can be predicted with fair accuracy and the CHARACTER STRUCTURE of non-USers is not NECESSARILY SUPERIOR to that of USers.
Abstract: DOCUMENT RESUME CG 004 845 HOGAN, ROBERT; AND OTHERS PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF UNDERGRADUATE MARIJUANA USE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV., BALTIMORE, MD4 10 APR 69 15P.; PA PEP PRESENTED AT THE EASTERN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION CONVENTION, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, APRIL 10--12, 1969 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.25 HC-$0485 *COLLEGE STUDENTS, *DRUG ABUSE, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, *INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, *MARIHUANA, MORAL ISSUES, PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT, PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL PATTERNS, RESEARCH, *STUDENT RESEARCH THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE PERSONOIOGICAL FACTORS UNDERLYING MARIJUANA USE IN THE COLLEGE POPULATION. UNDER ANONYMOUS CONDITIONS, 1118 STUDENTS AT TWO UNIVERSITIES COMPLETED THE CALIFCRNIA PSYCHOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND A BIOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONNAIRE CONCERNING DRUG USAGE. FOUR CONCLUSIONS WERE REACHED: (1) MARIJUANA USE AT TWO UNIVERSITIES CAN BE PREDICTED WITH FAIR ACCURACY, (2) USERS AND NON-USERS ARE INDISTINGUISHABLE WITH REGARD TO THEIR SECONDARY EDUCATION, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, OR ATHLETIC PARTICIPATION. THEY DIFFER, HOWEVER, IN FRATERNITY MEMBERSHIP, ACADEMIC MAJOR, YEAR IN SCHOOL, AND SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT. (3) USERS SHOW A PERSONALITY PATTERN SOMEWHAT AT VARIANCE WITH MANY STEREOTYPES, WHILE THEY APE IN SOME WAYS ANTI-SOCIAL, THEY ARE CHARACTERIZED BY VALUABLE TRAITS AS WELL, AND (4) THE CHARACTER STRUCTURE OF NON-USERS IS NOT NECESSARILY SUPERIOR TO THAT OF USERS. MARIJUANA USE IS PERHAPS MORE PROPERLY CLASSIFIED AS AMORAL THAN IMMORAL, AND CURRENT DISAPPROVAL OF ITS USE MAY REFLECT A CULTURAL EMPHASIS RATHER THAN A TRULY "MORAL" JUDGMENT. (AUTHOR/EK) .,,
138 citations
TL;DR: The present paper reports a replication of the original study on a new sample of consecutive female admissions to a psychiatric hospital rather than preselected ‘typical’ patients, to investigate whether factor analysis would produce patterns with similar results.
130 citations
TL;DR: N narcissism as a descriptive term has been both abused and overused, and a more specific redefinition is long overdue, which is surprising that the metapsychology of such an important concept has not been more adequately described.
Abstract: N THE V O I . U ~ ~ K O U S literature on narcissism, there are probably only two facts upon which everyone agrees: first, that the concept of narcissism is one of the most important contributions of psychoanalysis; second, that it is one of the most confusing. The difficulties with the concept were apparent from the beginning. Freud himself was dissatisfied with his original formulations. He wrote to Abraham: “The narcissism was a difficult labor and bears all the marks of a corresponding deformation.” “That you accept what I wrote about narcissism touches me deeply and binds us even closer together. I have a very strong feeling of vexation at its inadequacy” (Jones, 1955, p. 304). fitre do not know just why Freud was dissatisfied, but most current theoreticians feel that our present difficulties are “due mainly to the fact that this concept has not been explicitly redefined in terms of Freud’s later structural psychology” (Hartmann, 1950, p. 83). As Kernberg (1968) concisely puts it, narcissism as a descriptive term has been both abused and overused, and a more specific redefinition is long overdue. At first glance it is surprising that the metapsychology of such an important concept has not been more adequately described. The reason for this, however, becomes apparent on closer inspection: Freud’s original theoretical conception of narcissism
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TL;DR: A model is developed which introduces ‘involvement’ as a mediating explanatory variable and is borne out by a further empirical test, showing that personality and extreme responding are in fact linked when involvement is sufficiently high.
Abstract: It is widely believed that persons with certain personality characteristics (e.g. authoritarianism, dogmatism, cognitive simplicity) have a general tendency to make extreme judgements on rating scales and sorting tasks. This belief rests upon two assumptions: that extreme responding is an individually consistent characteristic across tasks, and that such a characteristic is in fact associated with the personality traits. These assumptions are examined in four separate investigations. The generality of extreme responding is adequately demonstrated, but no general relationship with personality is found. A model is developed which introduces ‘involvement’ as a mediating explanatory variable. In this context involvement is defined as a compound of construct relevance and stimulus importance. The model is borne out by a further empirical test, showing that personality and extreme responding are in fact linked when involvement is sufficiently high.
TL;DR: An analysis of variance revealed that only one personality factor would differentiate levels of achievement, and the top level competitor was significantly more dominating than the low level competitor.
Abstract: Thirty national level female fencers were studied with the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Edwards Personal Preference Study to determine if there were distinct personality traits characteristic of champion level female fencers and if there was any correlation between personality traits and level of achievement in the 1968 National Championship. A definite fencer's personality emerged when they were compared with the national norms. In general, the competitive fencer may he described as a very reserved, self-sufficient, autonomous individual with a below-average desire for affiliation and nurturance. She has a strong need to be the very best and is an intelligent, creative, experimenting, and imaginative person. She also tends to be assertive and aggressive. An analysis of variance revealed that only one personality factor would differentiate levels of achievement. The top level competitor was significantly more dominating than the low level competitor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a large pool of items to measure the dimension of Evaluation Sensitivity, and to appraise the degree to which this item pool would shorn adequate psychometric properties.
Abstract: THE area of personality assessment has experienced very substantial advances during the past decade, both in terms of its conceptual development, and in terms of its increased use of measurement techniques. Nowhere have these changes become more apparent than in the area of personality test development, where a modern 'methodology has replaced the simplistic conceptions of an earlier day. Ad hoc procedures, like empirical item selection against external criteria, have been found inadequate as a means for approaching the measurement of personality traits as constructs (Loevinger, 1957). Increasingly, there has developed an appreciation of the value of sequential strategies for item selection in personality assessment. Multiple strategies for item selection have been required by virtue of the simultaneous demands for item representativeness and scale generalizability, substantive cogency, homogeneity, and freedom from response biases, as well as for convergent and discriminant validity. One important purpose of the present investigation was to develop a large pool of items to measure the dimension of Evaluation Sensitivity, and to appraise the degree to which this item pool. would shorn adequate psychometric properties. The theoretical,
TL;DR: In three analyses using canonical correlation, interests as measured by Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory, were related to 35 life goals, 31 self-ratings of ability and personality traits, and 22 scales measuring potentials for achievement as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In three analyses using canonical correlation, interests as measured by Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory, were related to (a) 35 life goals, (b) 31 self-ratings of ability and personality traits, and (c) 22 scales measuring potentials for achievement. The sample consisted of 20,369 college freshmen in 37 institutions. Results are shown separately for males and females for five factors for each analysis.
TL;DR: Factor analyses of the three sets of data revealed essentially the same three factors of Intelligence, Sociability and Dependability, which was found to be proportional to the squared coefficient of inter-trait ccmelation.
Abstract: A total of 366 school children were rated by 12 teachers in respect of 11 personality traits. In a laboratory experiment, a group of 10 teachers estimated the degree of perceived similarity between the same traits. In a second laboratory experiment, estimates were obtained of the frequency with which the traits occur together. It was found that similarity of traits was proportional to the squared coefficient of inter-trait ccmelation. A similar relation was demonstrated for estimated co-frequency and inter-trait corre- lation. Furthermore, factor analyses of the three sets of data revealed essentially the same three factors of Intelligence, Sociability and Dependability. The results are discussed within a psychophysical framework regarding the subjects rated and traits estimated as stimuli in a person-perception experiment.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test hypotheses about the optimal place of rules in school learning tasks and find that rules before or after sections of the program containing practice examples are better than rules after.
Abstract: To test hypotheses about the optimal place of rules in school learning tasks 124 12‐year‐old children from a single campus were categorised by ability, sex and two personality traits — extraversion/introversion and general anxiety. The learning task was a program on vectors from which rules were ‘abstracted and given either before or after sections of the program containing practice examples. Further evidence for the superiority of rules following practice was obtained. Significant interactions of treatments and extraversion on post‐ and transfer‐tests showed, however, that this occurred because the “rules before” was significantly poorer than the “rules after” condition for extraverts of both above and below average ability. There was no significant difference between the treatments for introverts. Anxiety level differences were not significant, but anxious children were slightly better than non‐anxious.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the results of a study designed to investigate a hypothesized relationship of standardized personality traits to opinion leadership and innovative behavior and concluded that the findings of their study cast doubt on the hypothesized relationships in the product categories involved in the study.
Abstract: Robertson and Myers in their recent JMR article presented the results of a study designed to investigate a hypothesized relationship of standardized personality traits to opinion leadership and innovative behavior. The authors concluded that the findings of their study cast doubt on the hypothesized relationships in the product categories involved in the study. Regarding innovative behavior they stated [5, p. 167]:
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the reliability, latent structure and relations of personality measures with perceived infection (physical health) and disintegration (mental health) in a sample of 218 undergraduate students (82% females; Mage = 23.7, SD = 7.11).
Abstract: The focus of the present research was the validation of the Serbian version of Mini IPIP-6 personality inventory. It is a 24-item self-report questionnaire which measures six broad personality traits: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience and Honesty–Humility. We examined the scales’ reliability, latent structure and the relations of personality measures with Perceived Infectability (physical health) and Disintegration (mental health) in a sample of 218 undergraduate students (82% females; Mage = 23.7, SD = 7.11). The data showed that Mini IPIP-6 scales have adequate reliabilities (all αs >.70). Furthermore, the factor structure was completely in accordance with the expectations: all items loaded on their respectable factors. Finally, personality traits predicted physical and mental health in a theoretically expected manner: higher Neuroticism and lower Extraversion and Conscientiousness independently predicted physical health while higher Neuroticism and lower Honesty–Humility and Agreeableness had a contribution in the prediction of mental health. The study findings corroborated the reliability and validity of the Mini IPIP-6. Combined with the fact that it is a very short personality measure, the results speak in favor of using the inventory in empirical research. Still, it was important to consider the limitations of the instrument, such as narrowed psychological content of the scales.
TL;DR: The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was administered to 21 women intercollegiate athletes and scores were compared with those of a normative group of college women.
Abstract: The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) was administered to 21 women intercollegiate athletes and scores were compared with those of a normative group of college women Results indicated th
TL;DR: The present study assessed the personality of student nurses as measured by Jackson's (1967) Personality Research Form (PRF) with respect to possible differences with a more general student population.
Abstract: Srauffacher and Navran (1968) gave the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) to student nurses and found that personality factors are related to the type of nursing area chosen. George and Stephens (1968) found public health nurses showing greater need for Autonomy and Abasement in the EPPS, whereas, psychiatric nurses pIaced greater emphasis on Deference and Aggression. The present study assessed the personality of student nurses as measured by Jackson's (1967) Personality Research Form (PRF) with respect to possible differences with a more general srudent population. Ss were 80 freshman student nurses (RN) participating in a practical training program at Rochester State Hospital during 1965-66. All Ss received the PRF, Form AA. For the statistical analysis, t tests were computed between the means achieved by student nurses and norms for women in the test manual. Table 1 presents the 12 personality scales on which means for the nurses group and the normative group differed significantly (p f .05). Of the 21 mean differences, only one significant t test would be expected by chance. In comparison with the normative group, student nurses score higher in Harmavoidance, Nurturance, Order, and Desirability, but lower in Affiliation, Aggression, Autonomy, Change, Defendence, Dominance, Impulsivity, and Understanding.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: O'Connor and McGloon as mentioned in this paper presented a Dissertation for the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons, which was accepted for inclusion in dissertations by an authorized administrator.
Abstract: This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact ecommons@luc.edu. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although the number of persons who have contributed to the production of this paper is too great to permit of individual mention each has my sincere appreciation for his share in the work. Special thanks are due to the administration and faculty of Immaculate Heart of Mary High School for their interest and support, and to the students who gave of their time to participate in the study. Graduates, Misses Jeanne O'Connor, Anne Gudgalis and Mary Beth McGloon spent hours of dedicated service in compiling the data. My gratitude is extended to my religious community for providing the opportunity for my doctoral studies, to my local superior, Sister Patrick Mary, for her perceptive understanding and allowance of complete freedom to work on the paper, and to my parents for the typing of the manuscript. During the actual writing of the paper each member of the corranittee was outstandingly gracious and helpful. Dr. Samuel Mayo offered suggestions for statistical procedures. Dr. John Wozniak provided encouragement with his suggestions and interest. Sister Constantine carefully read the manuscript and offered helpful suggestions. Dr. John Wellington provided continual interest and support and offered practical suggestions. Dr. James Russell, my advisor, made himself generously available and provided encouraging direction and suggestions. To each of these members of the committee I am truly grateful. She has taught in grade and high schools in Michigan and Illinois, and has served as Director of Guidance at Immaculate Heart of Mary High School in Westchester, Illinois, for the past seven years. sister has been active in local, state and national professional guidance organizations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the main aim of the study was to establish whether personality traits of the big five model could be predictors of total job satisfaction and nine specific aspects of job satisfaction, measured by JSS.
Abstract: The main aim of this research was to establish whether personality traits of the big five model could be predictors of total job satisfaction and nine specific aspects of job satisfaction, measured by JSS. Other than the personality traits, as categorical predictors variables gender and length of employment time at the University were researched. The research included a sample of 300 university teachers and their assistants employed at the University of Novi Sad and University of Belgrade. Upon the given results, we can conclude that agreeableness and neuroticism are set aside as significant predictors of job satisfaction but categorical predictors were not significant. Satisfaction predictors as agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism are separated in some aspects of job: agreeableness for aspect of promotion, supervision, nature of work, communication and co-workers, conscientiousness for aspects of co-workers, benefits and contingent rewards and neuroticism for supervision, nature of work, communication, co-workers benefits and contingent rewards. Categorical predictors were not significant. Aspects of satisfaction defined as pay and job nature can not be predicted upon the given predictors.
TL;DR: Witkin et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted a preliminary investigation to determine whether other spatial tests would show similar relationships with personality for 106 undergraduates, given the Guilford-Zimmerman Spatial Orientation Test, G-Z Spatial Visualization Test, and the 16 P.F.
Abstract: Witkin, et al. (1954, 1962) classified Ss into field-independent and field-dependent categories on the basis of their responses to perceptual tasks. It was also found that different personality characteristics were associated with these classifications. Field-independent Ss depended less on the field and more on themselves as a referent point in perceptual judgments than the field-dependent Ss. Independent Ss were generally more aggressive, more dominant, and required less environmental support for he i r decisions. Field-dependent Ss were found to be more accepting of authority, more anxious, and required more support from the environment. The present study was conducted as a preliminary investigation to determine whether other spatial tests would show similar relationships with personality for 106 undergraduates, given the Guilford-Zimmerman Spatial Orientation Test, Guilford-Zimmerman Spatial Visualization Test, and the 16 P.F. These spatial tests were chosen because the definitions of these abilities seemed closely parallel to those of field-independence. Although the Pearsonian rs were relatively low, several were significant. The traits correlated with G-Z Spatial Orientation were Factor E (Dominance) .36, Factor A (Cyclothpmia) M.26, and Factor B (General Ability) .24. G-Z Spatial Visualization was related to Factor E (Dominance) .36, Facror A (Cyclothymia) -.24, Factor B (General Ability) .33, Factor I (Sensitivity) -.27, and Factor L (Protention) .24. Ss were also divided into two groups designated field-independent and field-dependent on the basis of their scores on the spatial tests. The means of the two groups on the personality measures were: fieldindependent-Factor A 9.64, Factor B 9.14, Factor E 16.28, Factor I 10.00, and Factor L 10.35, Field-dependent-Factor A 11.20, Factor B 7.89, Factor E 13.25, Factor I 11.79, and Factor L 8.17. These relationships are congruous with previous findings. If these spatial tests do measure field-independence, a positive relationship would be expected between independence and dominance and a negative relationship with cyclothymia and sensitivity. These expectations were confirmed in this study. In general, these correlations support the concept that these spatial ability tests tend to measure the characteristics of field-independence and with further research may be useful in personality assessment.