Showing papers on "Carbon steel published in 2009"
TL;DR: In this paper, the inhibitor effect of the naturally occurring biological molecule caffeic acid on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.1 M H2SO4 was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance and Raman spectroscopy.
503 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of solid-state phase transformation on welding residual stress and distortion in low carbon and medium carbon steels, based on a sequentially coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical 3-D finite element model.
463 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the 3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4methoxide-4amino-1,2,4-triazole (4-MAT) on mild steel in normal hydrochloric acid medium (1M HCl) at 30°C was tested by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques.
310 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel in saltwater saturated with CO 2 with/without an new synthesized imidazoline inhibitor was studied using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS), and the inhibitive ability of the inhibitor was evaluated by weight-loss method in 298-328 K temperature range.
170 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the quenching and partitioning of a low-carbon steel containing 1.1-wt pct aluminum by heat treatments consisting of partial austenitization at 900 −°C and subsequent rapid cooling to a quench temperature in the range between 125 −C and 175 −C, followed by an isothermal treatment (partitioning step) at 250 −C for different times.
Abstract: The “quenching and partitioning” (Q&P) process has been studied in a low-carbon steel containing 1.1 wt pct aluminum by heat treatments consisting of partial austenitization at 900 °C and subsequent rapid cooling to a quenching temperature in the range between 125 °C and 175 °C, followed by an isothermal treatment (partitioning step) at 250 °C and 350 °C for different times. Characterization by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), magnetization measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) has shown a multiphase microstructure formed by intercritical ferrite, epitaxial ferrite, retained austenite, bainite, and martensite after different stages of tempering. A considerable amount of retained austenite has been obtained in the specimens partitioned at 350 °C for 100 seconds. Experimental results have been interpreted based on concepts of the martensite tempering, bainite transformation, and kinetics calculations of the carbon partitioning from martensite to austenite.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructural features and overlap shear strength properties of friction stir spot welds made between Al 6111 and low carbon steel, and between Mg alloy AM60 and DP600 dual phase steel, are investigated.
Abstract: The microstructural features and overlap shear strength properties of friction stir spot welds made between Al 6111 and low carbon steel, and between Mg alloy AM60 and DP600 dual phase steel, are investigated. When Al 6111 is the upper sheet in the dissimilar sandwich, completed spot welds show evidence of intermetallic layer formation and cracking. Increasing tool pin penetration into the lower sheet provided increased mechanical interlocking of the sheets due to clinching. However, increasing penetration also promoted intermetallic formation and cracking in completed welds. However, dissimilar AM60/DP600 steel friction stir spot welds produced with AM60 as the upper sheet in the dissimilar sandwich do not show evidence of intermetallic formation and cracking may be avoided by removing the zinc coating on the DP600 steel before the friction stir spot welding operation.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the validity and accuracy of the Tafel extrapolation method for determining corrosion rates of carbon steel in 1, 2 and 3 M HCl solutions open to air were discussed.
148 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of macrocyclic polyether compounds containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety (n -MCTH) in the corrosion inhibition of C38 carbon steel in 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 acid medium was reported.
143 citations
TL;DR: A 2-part epoxy-siloxane coating cured with amino silane has been developed to provide corrosion protection on carbon steel (CRSS) using dip-coating to deposit a two layer structure as mentioned in this paper.
142 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the elaboration by cathodic electrodeposition of cerium-based oxides on carbon steel from relatively concentrated cerium nitrate solutions is investigated, and the electrochemical and analytical characterisation of the films and the correlations between electrochemical features and the characteristics of the layers are discussed.
134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the local corrosion behavior of welded X70 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH solution was studied by micro-electrochemical measurements, including scanning vibrating electrode and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of Schiff base S1 and S2 on mild steel with two different microstructures resulted from two different heat treatments (annealed (A) and quenched and tempered (Q&T) by ac impedance spectroscopy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of applied stress on corrosion of various zones in welded steel specimen was investigated by scanning vibrating electrode technique and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as well as Mott-Schottky analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of Schiff base S1 and S2 on mild steel with two different microstructures resulted from two different heat treatments (annealed (A) and quenched and tempered (Q&T) by ac impedance spectroscopy.
TL;DR: In this article, the inhibitory behavior of 2-undecyl-1-aminoethyl imidazoline (AEI-11) and 2-UNEDECYL-1AMINOEL 1-AMINOethyl 1-hydroxyethyl quaternary imidazeoline (AQI11) on CO(2) corrosion of N80 mild steel in single liquid phase and liquid/particle two-phase flow was investigated using weight loss, linear polarization, potentiodynamic polarization, EIS methods and SEM observations.
TL;DR: In this paper, a test rig was developed to study the effect of cathodic protection (CP) on corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in the crevice area under disbonded coating through the measurements of local potential, solution pH and dissolved oxygen concentration.
TL;DR: In this paper, an interaction layer was formed between Fe and Al alloy, which was constituted by various intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which resulted in the increase in joint strength under the limited tool penetration depth (TPD).
Abstract: Dissimilar lap joints of low carbon steel and Al–Mg alloy were obtained by friction stir spot welding. Mechanically mixed layer between top and bottom plates was not formed at the weld nugget due to the limited tool penetration and the pin height of welding tool lower than the thickness of Al plate laid in top side. These welding conditions made it possible to weld steel plate using welding tools made out of a general tool steel. With increasing tool penetration depth (TPD), tensile shear force of joint increased and maximum value of 3·0 kN was obtained at the TPD of 0·5 mm, but excessive tool penetration beyond 0·5 mm was caused in a deformation of Al plate of top side. In the result of interface observation, interaction layer was formed between Fe and Al alloy, which was constituted by various intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Consequently, the size of strongly bonded area containing Fe3Al and Fe4Al13 IMCs increased with TPD, which resulted in the increase in joint strength under the limited TPD.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the abrasive wear resistance of some potential abrasion resistant steels exposed to different types of abrasive contact conditions typical of mining and transportation applications and found that a combination of high hardness and toughness (fracture strain) is of importance in order to obtain high wear resistance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the corrosion inhibition of 2-hydrazino-4,7-dimethylbenzothiazole (2-HMBT) on low carbon steel in industrial water.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simulated pore solution of an aged concrete with addition of 3.5 wt% NaCl to imitate marine environments was used to evaluate the effect of benzotriazole (BTAH) on the corrosion resistance of CA-50 carbon steel.
Abstract: In this investigation, benzotriazole (BTAH), a well known corrosion inhibitor for copper, has been evaluated as a possible corrosion inhibitor of a carbon steel (CA-50) used as reinforcement in concrete. BTAH was added to a simulated pore solution of an aged concrete with addition of 3.5 wt% NaCl to imitate marine environments. The effect of BTAH in a concentration of 1.5 wt% on the corrosion resistance of CA-50 carbon steel was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The improvement of the corrosion resistance due to BTAH addition was superior to that associated with nitrite in similar concentration, suggesting that BTAH is a potentially attractive alternative to nitrites for inhibiting corrosion of reinforcement steel in concrete.
TL;DR: Amorphous carbon (a-C) film about 3 mm in thickness is coated on 316L stainless steel by close field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating (CFUBMSIP) as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, the mechano-electrochemical effects of deformation and hydrogen on active dissolution of pipeline steel in near-neutral pH groundwater are described, and it is shown that the free energy increment due to elastic deformation is insufficient to alter active dissolution rate remarkably.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined all existing data on residual stresses in stainless steel sections, including data generated from a recent experimental program carried out at Imperial College, London and summarized herein.
Abstract: The influence of residual stresses on structural members is to cause premature yielding and loss of stiffness, often leading to deterioration of load carrying capacity. Knowledge of their magnitude and distribution is therefore important for both structural design and finite-element simulations, and hence extensive studies have been performed on structural carbon steel components. With greater emphasis now being placed on durability and reducing consumption of resources, the use of stainless steel in construction is growing, heralding the need for a more precise understanding of its structural response. Stainless steel exhibits differing physical and thermal properties from carbon steel, both of which influence the formation of residual stresses, and it cannot simply be assumed that residual stress models for carbon steel are also appropriate for stainless steel. This paper examines all existing data on residual stresses in stainless steel sections, including data generated from a recent experimental program carried out at Imperial College, London and summarized herein. The collated residual stress data have been used to develop models for predicting the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in press braked, cold rolled, hot rolled, and fabricated stainless steel structural sections.
TL;DR: In this article, surface oxide film growth and conversion processes on carbon steel were studied using a range of electrochemical techniques and ex situ surface analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanostructured surface layer was formed on a carbon steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), and the microstructure of the surface layer of the SMATed sample was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of the desorption rate of hydrogen from previously hydrogen charged and strained, cylindrical specimens made it possible to characterize hydrogen reversibly attached to traps.
TL;DR: In this paper, the local anodic dissolution behavior of smooth and pre-cracked X70 pipeline steel specimens under applied tensile stress was investigated by micro-electrochemical measurements and numerical simulation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the progress of martensite formation in plain carbon steels Fe-0.46C, Fe- 0.66C, and Fe 0.80C has been investigated by dilatometry.
Abstract: The progress of martensite formation in plain carbon steels Fe-0.46C, Fe-0.66C, and Fe-0.80C has been investigated by dilatometry. It is demonstrated that carbon enrichment of the remaining austenite due to intercritical annealing of Fe-0.46C and Fe-0.66C does not only depress the start temperature for martensite, but also slows the progress of the transformation with temperature compared to full austenitization. In contrast, such a change of kinetics is not observed when the remaining austenite of lean-Si steel Fe-0.80C is stabilized due to a partial transformation to bainite, which suggests that the stabilization is not of a chemical but of a mechanical nature. The growth of bainite and martensite is accompanied by a shape change at the microstructural scale, which leads to plastic deformation and thus strengthening of the surrounding austenite. Based on this stabilizing mechanism, the athermal transformation kinetics is rationalized by balancing the increase in driving force corresponding to a temperature decrease with the increase in strain energy required for the formation of martensite in the strengthened remaining austenite.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of phenylthiourea as a corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel at different hydrochloric acid concentrations, different temperatures and fixed speed of electrode rotation was addressed.
Abstract: The effect of phenylthiourea as a corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel at different hydrochloric acid concentrations, different temperatures and fixed speed of electrode rotation, were addressed in this work. Polarization technique was used to evaluate the corrosion rates parameters. The corrosion rate of low carbon steel increases with temperature and follows Arrhenius equation in all acid concentrations in presence and absence of the inhibitor. Detailed thermodynamic parameters of activation ( �Hact and �Sact ) for the corrosion reaction were obtained using nonlinear estimation method, while