Showing papers on "Criticism published in 2005"

Hegemonic Masculinity Rethinking the Concept

Abstract: The concept of hegemonic masculinity has influenced gender studies across many academic fields but has also attracted serious criticism. The authors trace the origin of the concept in a convergence of ideas in the early 1980s and map the ways it was applied when research on men and masculinities expanded. Evaluating the principal criticisms, the authors defend the underlying concept of masculinity, which in most research use is neither reified nor essentialist. However, the criticism of trait models of gender and rigid typologies is sound. The treatment of the subject in research on hegemonic masculinity can be improved with the aid of recent psychological models, although limits to discursive flexibility must be recognized. The concept of hegemonic masculinity does not equate to a model of social reproduction; we need to recognize social struggles in which subordinated masculinities influence dominant forms. Finally, the authors review what has been confirmed from early formulations (the idea of multiple...

An Introduction to Metaanalysis

Abstract: With an everincreasing acknowledgement of the significance testing and criticism,metaanalysis has been frequently discussed by a great number of scholars.This paper attempts to provide a brief introduction to metaanalysis from different aspects.Firstly,it describes the basic principles of metaanalysis by illustrating its conception and computational criteria.Secondly,it introduces in detail the process of metaanalysis research and emphasizes the research procedures in the process.Finally,it evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of metaanalysis.

The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination

Abstract: Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 The Emergence of Environmental Criticism. 2 The World, the Text, and the Ecocritic. 3 Space, Place, and Imagination from Local to Global. 4 The Ethics and Politics of Environmental Criticism. 5 Environmental Criticism's Future. Glossary of Selected Terms. Notes. Bibliography. Index.

Imperial Nature: The World Bank and Struggles for Social Justice in the age of Globalization

Abstract: This text provides a close examination of the inner workings of the World Bank, the foundations of its achievements, its propensity for intensifying the problems it intends to cure, and its remarkable ability to tame criticism and extend its own reach.

A social constructivist assessment process model: how the research literature shows us this could be best practice

Abstract: Although assessment is acknowledged as vitally important in its effect on students’ approaches to learning, there is much criticism of assessment practice. This paper argues that if a social constructivist approach is applied to the assessment process many of the problems could be overcome. It describes what a social constructivist approach to assessment would look like and gives practical examples, from the research literature, of ways it could be implemented.

The Sublime Object of Entrepreneurship

Abstract: This paper engages with debates on enterprise culture and one of its key subjects—the entrepreneur. Enlisting the work of Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Žižek, we attempt to explain the continuing failure of entrepreneurship discourse to assign the character of the entrepreneur a positive identity. Shifting away from stable categories such as ‘the entrepreneur’, we describe entrepreneurship in terms of Lacan’s concept of the Real and Žižek’s concept of the sublime object. This allows us to critically scrutinize the operation of the phantasmic category of the entrepreneur. In addition to indicating some prospects for the future of psychoanalytic cultural criticism in organization studies, we make a case for a continual questioning of the subject, a questioning that is today being foreclosed by those critics who were first to call the subject into question.

On Rigor and Relevance: Fostering Dialectic Progress in Management Research

Abstract: The article discusses how to make management research relevant to practitioners. By the early 21st century criticism had emerged that management scholars were bypassing relevance in favor of rigorous papers that were largely read only by other academics. Some have argued that a better synthesis needs to be achieved between theory and practice, but the author maintains the real solution can be found only in changing the system. Rather than writing for the academy, researchers need to identify and study practical issues they find compelling.

Privileging Identity, Difference, and Power: The Circuit of Culture As a Basis for Public Relations Theory

Abstract: In response to growing criticism that the dominant normative theoretical paradigm privileges Western, corporate models of public relations practice, this critical essay proposes the circuit of culture as a basis for developing public relations theory that informs the wide variety of public relations practices found globally. The model merges recent critical-cultural and postmodern perspectives, providing a confluence of institutional and situated factors that recognize the primacy of identity, difference, and power in discursive practice. In this model, public relations practitioners serve as cultural intermediaries operating within the larger cultural economy to structure information at the juncture of production and consumption.

The eighteenth-century theatre in Spain: a bibliography of criticism and documentation

Abstract: AA Archivo Agustiniano AAz Anales Azorinianos AC Anales Cervantinos ACal Analecta Calasancia (Salamanca) ACCP Arquivos do Centro Cultural Português ActaM Acta Musicologica ADD American Doctoral Dissertations ADEE Aportación Documental para la Erudición Española AEA Anuario de Estudios Americanos (Seville) AEAtl Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos AEF Anuario de Estudios Filológicos AF Anuario de Filología AFA Archivo de Filología Aragonesa AFLFUB Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Università degli Studi di Bari AFLM Annali della Facoltà di Filosofia e Lettere dell’Università di Milano AFLN Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Universitá di Napoli AH Archivo Hispalense AHDE Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español AIEM Anales del Instituto de Estudios Madrileños AIUO Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale. Sezione Romanza AJHCS Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies ALE Anales de Literatura Española ALV Anuario Lope de Vega AMu Anuario Musical (Barcelona) Anthropos Anthropos. Boletín de Información y Documentación ASELGC Anuario de la Sociedad Española de Literatura General y Comparada ASLM Académie de Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier AttiRI Atti del Real Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti AUH Anales de la Universidad Hispalense (Sevilla) AUM Anales de la Universidad de Madrid AyL Arte y Literatura

Crisis Management By Apology: Corporate Response to Allegations of Wrongdoing

Abstract: Contents: Preface. Introduction. Apologia, Social Drama, and Public Ritual. Legality and Liability. Apologetic Ethics (written with Sandra L. Borden). Apologia and Individuals: Politicians, Sports Figures, and Media Celebrities. Apologia and Organizations: Retail, Manufacturing, and Not-for-Profits. Institutional Apologies: Institutional, Religious, and Governmental. Conclusions: Corporate Apologia, Ideology, and Ethical Responses to Criticism.

Measuring University Quality

Abstract: This study provides a methodological critique of major quality assessments in U.S. higher education over the last 70 years, through an examination of their taxonomy, unit of analysis, frame of reference, and definition of quality. Many quantitative indicators currently used in assessments have a weak theoritical link to quality and have serious methodological drawbacks. The study offers recommendations for continued improvements to assessments indicators, so that institutions may better assert their own voices in debates over higher education quality.

Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance and influence of the epistemologies: “empiricism”, “rationalism” and “positivism” in library and information science (LIS).Design/methodology/approach – First, outlines the historical development of these epistemologies, by discussing and identifying basic characteristics in them and by introducing the criticism that has been raised against these views. Second, their importance for and influence in LIS have been examined.Findings – The findings of this paper are that it is not a trivial matter to define those epistemologies and to characterise their influence. Many different interpretations exist and there is no consensus regarding current influence of positivism in LIS. Arguments are put forward that empiricism and positivism are still dominant within LIS and specific examples of the influence on positivism in LIS are provided. A specific analysis is made of the empiricist view of information seeking and it is shown that empiricism may be r...

School effectiveness research : from a review of the criticism to recommendations for further development

Abstract: School effectiveness research (SER) has flourished since the 1980s. In recent years, however, various authors have criticised several aspects of SER. A thorough review of recent criticism can serve as a good starting point for addressing the flaws of SER, where appropriate, thereby supporting its further development. This article begins by reviewing the criticism from different perspectives by discussing the political-ideological nature of SER, its theoretical limitations and the research methodology it applies. The review of each type of criticism is accompanied by a review of the recommendations that the critics propose for improving SER. We then proceed to present our views on each line of criticism and propose 5 avenues that we consider promising for the further development of SER.

A history of literary criticism

Abstract: This book to look over the history of literary criticism, a journey about to undertake, is not only to revisit some of the profoundest source of our identity but also to renew our connection with some of the deepest resources of our present and future sustenance.

Reimagining Schools: The Selected Works of Elliot W. Eisner

Abstract: Introduction: My Journey as a Writer in the Field of Education 1. Children's Creativity in Art: A Study of Types 2. Educational Objectives: Help or Hindrance 3. Instructional and Expressive Educational Objectives: Their Formulation and Use in Curriculum 4. Educational Connoisseurship and Educational Criticism: Their Forms and Functions in Educational Evaluation 5. On the Use of Education Connoisseurship and Educational Criticism for Evaluating Classroom Life 6. What do Children Learn When They Paint 7. On the Differences Between Artistic and Scientific Approaches to Qualitative Research 8. The Role of the Arts in Cognition and Curriculum 9. Can Educational Research Inform Educational Practice? 10. Aesthetic Modes of Knowing 11. The Celebration of Thinking 12. The Primacy of Experience and the Politics of Method 13. Slippery Moves and Blind Alleys: My Travels with Absolutism and Relativism in Curriculum Theory 14. The Misunderstood Role of the Arts in Human Development 15. Educational Reform and the Ecology of Schooling. 16. Forms of Understanding and the Future of Educational Research 17. Standards for American Schools: Help or Hindrance 18. The Promise and Perils of Alternative Forms of Data Representation 19. What Does it Mean to say a School is Doing Well? 20. From Episteme to Phronesis to Artistry in the Study and Improvement of Teaching 21. What Can Education Learn From the Arts About the Practice of Education

The New Economic Criticism : Studies at the interface of literature and economics

Abstract: This collection brings together twenty-seven essays by influential literary and cultural historians, as well as representatives of the vanguard of postmodernist economics. Contributors include: Jean-Joseph Goux, Marc Shell. This is a pathbreaking work which develops a new form of economic analysis. It will appeal to economists and literary theorists with an interest beyond the narrower confines of their subject.

The value of human dignity in interpreting socio-economic rights

Abstract: There has been considerable criticism of the use of human dignity as a guiding value in the context of South Africa's equality jurisprudence. What are the implications of the use of the value in so...

Criticisms of educational research: key topics and levels of analysis

Abstract: The article is an exploration of the meanings and worthiness of criticism as a significant phenomenon in the evolution of educational research during the 1990s. While drawing on an overview of the vast amount of documents expressing criticisms of educational research in the UK, western and eastern continental Europe and the USA, it summarises the findings of a study based on the analysis of some of the most influential texts that criticised educational research in the UK during the mid-1990s: Hargreaves (1996), Tooley and Darby (1998), Hillage et al. (1998). An understanding of the targets, sources, solutions and actors that are characteristic of the recent criticisms of educational research is proposed, together with an exploration of the rhetorical devices employed in expressing criticism and of some of the philosophical themes that underpin the recent debates.

Why being right is not enough: Predicting defensiveness in the face of group criticism

Abstract: Criticism of a group can be a catalyst for reform and positive change. Despite this, group-directed criticisms can sometimes face high levels of defensiveness, and can do so even if the comments have objective merit. In this article I review research on group-directed criticism and formulate a model designed to predict when and why people will express defensiveness in the face of criticisms of their group. I argue that, when deciding how to respond to group criticism, people weigh up three independent sets of considerations: (1) attributions about the motives and agenda of the critic (“why would they say that?”), (2) questions about whether the critic had obeyed identity-related rules in the timing and delivery of their criticism (“was it appropriate for them to say that?”), and (3) questions about whether it is in the long-term interests of the individual and the group for them to express support for the criticisms (“strategically, what is the best way for me to respond?”). Practical implications of the ...

Patient stories, narratives of resistance and the ethics of humane care: a la recherche du temps perdu.

Abstract: Over the past 20 years, the study of patient-physician relationships and the discourse of clinical encounters has become a major area of inquiry. Interest in these topics is closely linked to an ethic of humane care, reflecting widespread criticism of a technocratic approach to clinical practice. A narrow framing of this approach led to the neglect of a category of patients' socially grounded accounts of their illness and treatment experiences referred to as 'narratives of resistance'. The problem addressed in this article is the lack of connection, in research and practice, between an approach grounded in a humane care ethic and an ethic of social justice that addresses the impact of social and economic inequalities on rates of illness and access to health care. The aim is to open up a critical discussion among researchers, health care educators, practitioners and patients about relationships between ethical standpoints, clinical practice and research.

Communitarian critics of liberalism

Abstract: We are witnessing a revival of communitarian criticisms of liberal political theory. Like the critics of the 1960s, those of the 1980s fault liberalism for being mistakenly and irreparably individualistic. But the new wave of criticism is not a mere repetition of the old. Whereas the earlier critics were inspired by Marx, the recent critics are inspired by Aristotle and Hegel. The Aristotelian idea that justice is rooted in “a community whose primary bond is a shared understanding both of the good for man and the good of that community” explicitly informs Alasdair MacIntyre in his criticism of John Rawls and Robert Nozick for their neglect of desert;1 and Charles Taylor in his attack on “atomistic” liberals who “try to defend . . . the priority of the individual and his rights over society.”2 The Hegelian conception of man as a historically conditioned being implicitly informs both Roberto Unger’s and Michael Sandel’s rejection of the liberal view of man as a free and rational being.3

Quantification and Persuasion in Managerial Judgement

Abstract: Accounting involves assigning numbers to events — quantifying them. Conventional wisdom holds that putting numbers to an argument enhances its persuasive power. There is, however, little scholarly evidence to support or refute this claim, in accounting or elsewhere. In this paper, we develop an original process-based model of how quantification influences persuasion. We posit that including a high-quality quantified analysis in a proposal enhances its persuasive power by increasing both the perceived competence of the proposal preparer and the perceived plausibility that a favorable outcome could occur. Under some conditions, however, quantification also encourages criticism of the details of the proposal, which potentially offsets these effects. We experimentally test implications of our model in a managerial decision setting, investigating conditions in which quantification is more and less likely to result in criticism of the quantified proposal and, thus, less and more likely to be persuasive. We also test the model itself using structural equations methods. Results largely support the model, which should prove of value to researchers interested in the effects of quantification on judgements and to those interested in persuasion.

The withering of criticism: A review of professional, Foucauldian, ethnographic, and epistemic studies in accounting

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the core meaning of critical research.Design/methodology/approach – It begins by noting the frequent divergence between “Real” history (which always marches to its own beat) and academic reflection that often fails to follow the beat of a progressive drum. Indeed, rather than facilitating a productive historical movement, scholarship may, at times, window‐dress brutality. These questions are examined by drawing on pertinent literature in social theory and cultural analysis. This work cautions that only continuous, unconditional, self‐reflective criticism provides a navigational path between barbarism and enlightenment. It proposes harnessing our full repository of critical scholarship to renew ever‐relevant forms of praxis (This is not the same notion of “practical” that involves berating workers in suits and white shirts.)Findings – Unfortunately, an examination of contemporary progressive accounting literature exposes fundamental departures from these st...

No Rest for the Democratic Peace

Abstract: Proponents of the democratic peace are accustomed to criticism. Early refutations of the research program's findings focused on questions of measurement and statistical inference. Skepticism about such matters has not fully subsided, but many more now accept the democratic peace as an empirical regularity. The aim of recent complaints has shifted to democratic peace theory. The typical approach has been to highlight select historical events that appear anomalous in light of the theory and the causal mechanisms it identifies. Sebastian Rosato's (2003) is one such critique, noteworthy for the range of causal propositions held up for scrutiny and the unequivocal rejection of them all. But Rosato fails to appreciate the dyadic logic central to democratic peace theory, and much of his criticism is therefore misdirected. Those cases that remain unexplained by the theory are not especially problematic for this progressively evolving research program.

A psicologia e o sistema único de saúde: quais interfaces?

Abstract: The Psychology and Public Health System relation is discussed having as a starting point a criticism to the gap between the clinic and politics strongly present in the formation and in the professional practice of the psychologists. Three principles are suggested to the construction of public politics in the health system, which are the inseparability, the autonomy and co-responsibility and the transverseness, being the contribution of Psychology the interchange of these three principles. This paper also emphasizes the importance of the ways to make happen the public politis, pointing out the urge to create some devices which will give support to these politics in the game of conflicts and interests, desires and needs of the different actors who are part of the public health network.

Dancing About Architecture: Popular Music Criticism and the Negotiation of Authority

Abstract: This article addresses the impact of the culture divide on the establishment of critical authority through the examination of popular music critics. In-depth interviews with music critics illustrate how the popular culture critic's experience might be distinguished from that of high culture critics. If criticism has the ability to elevate the status of the object it evaluates, this article argues that, in the case of popular criticism, the cultural object has the ability to lower the status of the critic. Lacking the formal training characteristic of higher critics, popular music critics must establish their cultural authority by consistently displaying their qualifications-proficiency as a writer, breadth of knowledge, and studied judgment regardless of personal preferences-through their work. Likewise, it analyzes how aspects of the roles, relationships, and resources managed by popular music critics can create obstacles to the establishment of cultural authority in the popular realm.