Showing papers on "Current divider published in 1986"

On chip multiple voltage generation using a charge pump and plural feedback sense circuits

Abstract: A level selectable FET voltage generation system is described. The system includes a single charge pump controlled by multiple feedback paths and a powerdown circuit. Each feedback path contains a capacitor divider network, a sense amplifier with a compensating voltage reference and a timer which periodically resets the capacitor divider network to insure sensing accuracy. The powerdown circuit and a selected feedback path provides a desired voltage level at the output of the charge pump.

Current attenuator useful in a very low leakage current measuring device

Abstract: An attenuator useful in measuring low level leakage currents is disclosed. The attenuator includes a plurality of current dividers coupled in cascade. Each current divider includes an input and two outputs between which the current entering the input is divided. The current exiting the last divider is significantly attenuated from that entering the attenuator. The attenuator output is coupled to the device under test and to one input of a differential amplifier. A known current is input to the differential amplifier and part is directed to the attenuator input and the other part to a current measuring device. The difference between the known current input to the differential amplifier and that measured is the current input to the attenuator. In the steady state, the current input to the differential amplifier from the current attenuator is about zero. Accordingly, the leakage current is equal to the known current entering the differential amplifier less the measured current divided by m, the attenuation provided by the attenuator.

Lamp failure detecting device for automobile

Abstract: A lamp failure detecting device for automobile consists of a lamp circuit including a plurality of lamps connected in parallel, a current-detecting resistance connected to a power-supply source through the lamp circuit in series, a first voltage divider circuit including resistances to which a voltage divided by the current detecting resistance and the lamp circuit is applied a second voltage divider circuit including resistances to which a voltage supplied from the power-supply source is applied and a comparator circuit comparing the difference between the divided voltages in the voltage divider circuits to produce a a failure detection signal. Diodes are provided in the first and second voltage divider circuits respectively in the forward direction. Non-linearity of the current flowing through the lamps for the change of the power-supply voltage is corrected by the diodes.

Novel Design Approach for X-Band GaAs Monolithic Analog 1/4 Frequency Divider

Abstract: A novel analog frequency divider which can generate a 1/4 frequency component is proposed. The frequency divider consists of a dual-gate FET and a two-stage capacitor-resistor coupled amplifier. This circuit configuration also enables achieving a small-size GaAs MMIC analog frequency divider. In this analog frequency divider, the input signal f/sub 0/ is mixed with signal component f/sub 0//x caused by noise or transients in a feedback loop. Then, a (1 -- 1/x)f/sub 0/ IF component is induced and is again mixed with the input signal. This process delivers the f/sub 0//x component regeneratively. Resultant continuous signal components f/sub 0//x and (1-1/x)f/sub 0/ have a harmonic relation when the system reaches a steady state. The f/sub 0//x component can be mainly obtained at an output port of the frequency divider. The operation band was simulated using a SPICE II computer program. The designed bandwidth and conversion gain for the 1/4 frequency divider are 8.5-10.6 GHz and -3 dB, respectively. Based on the simulation, a GaAs monolithic analog 1/4 frequency divider was made and tested. The developed 1/4 frequency divider provides a 8.5-10.2-GHz operation bandwidth and --5+-1-dB conversion gain. The designed and experimental values are in good agreement. The frequency division band can be shifted to higher frequency (10.65-11.2 GHz) by adopting the external matching circuit at the GaAs chip output port. The proposed analog frequency divider circuit can be applied not only for 1/4 frequency division, but also for 1/n frequency division (interger n > 2).

Frequency synthesizer of the fractional type

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer of the fractional N type comprising a voltage controlled oscillator for producing an output signal which is afforded to a phase detector via a variable divider to provide a control signal for the voltage controlled oscillator in the presence of a phase difference between a reference signal from a reference source and the signal afforded thereto from the variable divider wherein the division ratio of the variable divider is set in dependence upon the output of an interpolator arrangement comprising combiner means for receiving a digital input, digital controller means for receiving an output from the combiner means, digital slicer means for receiving an output from the digital controller means, feedback means for affording the output of the digital slicer means to a component for varying the division ratio of the variable divider.

A Monolithic Dual 16-Bit D/A Converter

Abstract: A monolithic dual high-speed 16-bit D/A converter is described. In the binary weighted current network a dynamic current divider is used to obtain the required high accuracy of the six most significant bits without any adjustment procedure or trimming technique. To construct the ten least significant bits a new approach is used to construct the passive divider stage based on emitter sealing of transistors. As the bit switches are optimized for fast-settling and low-glitch current, both converters can be used without extra sample-and-hold or deglitcher circuitry at sampling frequencies up to 200 kHz. The converter has a differential linearity of 0.5 LSB over a temperature range of -20 to +70/spl deg/ C. The high linearity of the converter results in a distortion of 0.001 percent over the audio band. The chip is processed in a standard bipolar process and the die size is 3.8 X 5.5 mm/sup 2/.

Portable, batteryless, frequency divider consisting of inductor and diode.

Abstract: A batteryless, portable, frequency divider, consisting of a single resonant circuit consisting of an inductor (L1) and a diode (D1). The resonant circuit detects electromagnetic radiation at a first predetermined frequency and responds to said detection by transmitting electromagnetic radiation at a second frequency that is one-half of the first frequency. The circuit is resonant at the second frequency when the voltage across the diode is zero. The frequency divider is utilized in a presence detection system that uses a tag containing the frequency divider. The system transmits electromagnetic radiation at the first frequency into a surveillance zone, and detects the second frequency to detect the presence of the tag in the surveillance zone.

Distributed power combiner/divider

Abstract: A radio-frequency (rf) power combiner or divider structure containing distributed amplifier components and having broadband operating characteristics, and operable with net gain or practically no insertion losses. The divider structure includes an input transmission line having series-connected impedances that interconnect with active devices, such as field-effect transistors to form a practically lossless line. The active devices provide gain between distributed points in the input transmission line and distributed points in multiple output transmission lines, which are similarly structured as series-connected impedances. Each output transmission line supplies one of the divider outputs. In the combiner form of the device, there is a single output transmission line and multiple input transmission lines, coupled to the output line in a distributed manner by active devices.

Power supply with regulated output voltage

Abstract: A power supply circuit for use with telecommunication subscriber lines provides a substantially constant power output over one range of load impedances and a substantially constant voltage output over a range of load impedances greater than a critical impedance. The circuit employs a transformer which includes a sense winding for sensing output voltage across the load. For load impedances below the critical value, the current into the primary of the transformer is controlled by means of a current sensing device sensing the amount of primary current. However, for load impedances greater than the critical impedance the output of the sense winding controls and current to the primary is reduced to avoid the output voltage from rising substantially even in the event of an open circuit load condition. In one embodiment, a supervisory circuit provides a signal indicative of the on-hook and off-hook states of the subscriber line by sensing primary current flow. In an alternate embodiment, a supervisory circuit provides an indication of the on-hook and off-hook states of the subscriber line in response to a signal derived from the sense winding voltage.

Current output circuit having well-balanced output currents of opposite polarities

Abstract: A bipolar transistor circuit is disclosed, which receives input voltage signals and outputs a current of a polarity in accordance with the input signals and of a predetermined amplitude. This circuit includes a first current source producing a first reference current, an output terminal, bipolar switching transistors coupled between the first current source and the output terminal and controlled by the input voltage signals to supply to the output terminal an output current of a first polarity which has an amplitude of the first reference current minus a base current of the switching transistor or integer times of that amplitude, a current producing circuit producing a current that is substantially equal to the base current of the switching transistor, and a second current source connected to the output terminal and producing a second reference current of a second polarity which has an amplitude of the first reference current minus the amplitude of the current produced by the current producing circuit. The present invention thus provides a well-balanced output current which is suitable to charge and discharge a load capacitor with the same amount of charges.

Circuit arrangement for producing a fluctuation-free d-c voltage level of a d-c voltage

Abstract: Circuit arrangement for producing a fluctuation-free d-c voltage level of a d-c supply voltage having a voltage divider of MOS transistors at the supply voltage, the voltage divider including a first series connection of a plurality of MOS transistors located in a branch between a tap for a reference voltage and a reference-potential input, and a second series connection of MOS transistors located between a d-c supply-voltage input and the reference-potential input and being driven jointly by the reference voltage at the tap of the voltage divider, the first series connection including at least four transistors, and including an MOS transistor drivingly connected to the d-c supply-voltage input and further connected in the second series connection of MOS transistors located between the d-c supply-voltage input and the reference-potential input.

Frequency divider circuit

Abstract: A divider-by-factor frequency divider circuit is described. The rate-multiplier principle of eliminating pulses as regularly as possible from a number of pulses of the signal to be frequency-divided is modified so that low-frequency variations in the frequency-divided signal are reduced at the expense of an increase in higher-frequency variations. This modification is achieved through the addition of a second accumulator, a pair of adders, a subtracter and a presettable counter to the accumulator of a frequency divider circuit. A rate multiplier with a coloring characteristic inverse to pink noise is thereby obtained.

Cable end fitting

Abstract: In the case of a cable end fitting having a capacitive voltage divider for the voltage which is present between the cable core and a first electrode (6) which is at earth potential, and having a pick-off (tap) for a voltage, which is reduced in accordance with the division ratio, on a second electrode (7) the ratio of the magnitude of the capacitors which form the voltage divider is selected in accordance with the desired potential difference between earth and the pick-off of the voltage divider.

Frequency divider circuit and frequency synthesizer using the same

Abstract: A wide band analog frequency divider circuit operable at a high frequency in the GHz band, and a frequency synthesizer utilizing the analog frequency divider circuit. The analog frequency divider circuit comprises an LC series circuit having a capacitor and an inductor connected between the anode and the cathode of a diode, and means for applying a forward bias to the diode. The input signal is supplied from the anode side of the diode, and the output is delivered from the cathode side, or the anode side of the cathode is grounded. The frequency synthesizer is arranged to frequency divide the output of a VCO by the analog frequency divider circuit, and to supply the frequency-divided output to a prescaler. The output of the prescaler is further frequency divided by a programmable divider, and the phase difference between the output of the programmable divider and a reference signal is detected thereby to control the oscillation frequency of the VCO.

Apparatus for confirming operation of electric circuit

Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce not only the number of sensors for detecting abnormality but also a mount space, by providing a current detection sensor to a power source bus and collating the detection result of said sensor with a control signal at the point of time of detection. CONSTITUTION:A control circuit 9 sends out a signal driving the electric circuit of each system through a drive circuit 20 and the transistor corresponding to said signal among transistors 17a-17d is turned ON and the electric system connected to the transistor turned ON is driven. The current flowing to the electric system driven flows to a current divider 18 where a current value is detected to supply a current signal to a detection circuit 21. The signal supplied to the drive circuit 20 is supplied to the detection circuit 21 other than said current value. The detection circuit 21 discriminates the electric system showing abnormality on the basis of two kinds of signals supplied. Since a current of other control item is removed from a discrimination object, when discrimination items are successively changed, all of the items are discriminated accurately.

Symmetrical bridge circuit for measuring mass air flow

Abstract: A symmetrical bridge circuit having a sensing leg means and a compensation leg means for measuring mass air flow in the input of an internal combustion engine utilizes the same type of sensing and compensation elements with the same temperature coefficients. The sensing leg means and the compensation leg means are coupound circuits each having a conventional bridge leg and a voltage divider leg. The conventional bridge leg outputs are connected through voltage follower circuits controlling the input of the voltage divider legs. The conventional leg of the sensing leg means contains the sensing element and the voltage output therefrom is a function of a first factor. The voltage divider leg connected to the output of the voltage follower circuit further divides the voltage output by a second factor. The compensation element is connected in the voltage divider leg of the compensation leg means. The voltage output of the conventional leg of the compensation leg means is a function of a second factor and the voltage output from the voltage divider is a function of the first factor. The outputs of the voltage dividers control a power driver means supplying power to the bridge circuit. The output stage of the bridge circuit compares the voltage supplied by the power driver means with a fixed reference voltage to generate an analog signal representing the mass of the air flowing across the sensing element. The symmetrical bridge circuit does not require compensating capacitors and special amplification circuits for the compensation legs.

Electronic energy meter for electrical energy

Abstract: An energy meter for electrical energy, having a voltage divider 3, a current transformer 4, first and a second A/D converters 5 and 6 for A/D conversion of the outputs of the voltage divider 3 and of the current transformer 4, and a microprocessor 7 for forming the product of the two outputs from the first and second A/D converters. Furthermore, a memory 12 is provided for storing correction data, so that measurement errors caused by the linearity of the current transformer 4 in the measurement range at low currents are completely corrected by the use of the correction data.

A current to voltage converter circuit

Abstract: A conversion circuit (40) for providing an output voltage that is proportional to an applied current input. The conversion circuit (40) comprises a current mirror (l0) which sinks a current at an output (22) the magnitude of which varies directly with the current input that is applied thereto and a feedback amplifier (72, 74, 76, 78) coupled with the output (22) of the current mirror (l0) which provides a feedback current thereto the magnitude of which varies as a function of the current sank at the is established at an output (38) of the feedback amplifier.

A Wide-Band 12-GHz 12-Way Planar Power Divider/Combiner (Short Paper)

Abstract: A 12-way, low-loss, wide-band planar electrically symmetric hybrid power divider/combiner for the X-band is described. It is a two-stage fork, 12-way hybrid realized completely in microstrip. A circuit design is given to maximize the match and isolation at band center. Over a frequency band of 10-13 GHz, this divider/combiner has an insertion loss of less than 1 dB and an isolation between output ports of better than 17 dB.

Lighting circuit for a low-pressure discharge lamp

Abstract: not available for EP0054301Abstract of corresponding document: US4460848Connected in parallel to the lamp through a fuse (10) is a triac (2) the control electrode of which is connected through a diac (3) to the tap (4) of a voltage divider likewise in parallel with the lamp. The first branch of the voltage divider contains, in addition to a fixed resistor (5), at least one variable series impedance (6) which may be either a capacitor or a voltage-dependent resistor. The second branch of the voltage divider is provided by a capacitor (7). A temperature dependent NTC resistance (8) bridges a portion of the first branch and all of the second branch of the voltage divider. For use with ballasts containing a choke, it is desirable to interpose a diode bridged by a NTC resistor in the first branch of the voltage divider adjacent to the tap. An anti-interference capacitor (9) is connected across the triac and can be replaced by a capacitive voltage divider for use with lamps of higher ignition voltage, in which case one capacitive branch of the capacitive voltage divider is bridged by a self-switching four-layer diode, to which it is possible to add a small series inductor. The starter circuit is suitable for a wide range of operating conditions of the lamp.

Frequency modulation receiver employing frequency divider

Abstract: A frequency dividing arrangement comprises an injection-locked divider arranged for receiving an incoming signal F in and for providing a frequency divided signal F out in response thereto, and a frequency divider coupled to the injection-locked divider. The frequency divider comprises logical circuits for providing a further frequency divided signalF" out in response to the frequency divided signal F out provided by the injection-locked divider. The arrangement may be included in a frequency modulation receiver which comprises an FM detector. The injection-locked divider comprises a multiplier, and a tuning circuit.

Hot wire tan delta measuring apparatus

Abstract: PURPOSE: To eliminate power failure of a cable to be measured due to a ground fault in a measuring system with a diagnosis of deterioration in insulation made possible under hot wire condition, by a method wherein a voltage signal of the cable being measuring is fetched with a high voltage lead cable and divided to be taken into a tan α meter. CONSTITUTION: This apparatus is made up of a current transformer 4 for detecting current flowing through a ground wire 2, with which a shielding layer 1a of a cable 1 to be measured is grounded, a voltage divider 8 which is connected to a high voltage section at a final end of a cable 1 to divide a voltage of a high voltage lead cable 6, a breaker 7 for connecting or cutting between the cable 6 and the voltage divider 8, a tan δ meter 5 which receive a current signal inputted from the current transformer 4 and a voltage signal inputted from the voltage divider 8 to display a tan δ value and the like. A current signal from the cable 1 is detected with the current transformer 4 to be inputted into the meter 5. A voltage signal from the cable 1 is divided via the voltage divider 8 from the cable 6 to be inputted into the meter 5. The meter 5 take a balance between the current signal and the voltage signal with an electronically balancing circuit to measure and display a tan δ. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Circuit arrangement for generating a current

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for generating a current with any temperature response, particular a temperature-stabilised current, is proposed. For this purpose, the output current (IE) of a reference current source (1) is applied to a current divider (2), the output currents of which are applied to an analog current adder (5), temperature function stages (3) being interposed in the current paths apart from one direct path (4). Suitable choice of the current transfer functions of the temperature function stages (3) results in an output current (IA) of the analog current adder (5) having the desired temperature response.

Excluder device for telephones installed in parallel

Abstract: Excluder device for telephones installed in parallel, characterised in that it basically consists of a combination of a full wave bridge rectifier (1) with a relay circuit, made up of a zener diode (2) and a current divider consisting of two resistors (3, 4) the relay circuit being associated with a thyristor (5), whose anode is connected to the cathode of the zener diode and to the positive of the rectifier (1), whilst the cathode is connected to earth and the switch to the current divider, and in that an independent resistor is incorporated, able to cause a voltage drop equivalent to that which determines the rest of the telephone system.

Circuit arrangement for the detection of a fault current or differential current

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for detecting a residual or fault current comprises a summation current transformer (10, 11) whose secondary winding (12, 13) emits a residual current signal when a fault current occurs, which signal is processed and amplified in a mains-supplied electronic device (14). The output signal, which is dependent on this differential current signal, switches through a controllable semiconductor valve (54) which triggers a trigger for actuating switching contacts which switch off the network. A threshold switch (113) and a first partial resistor (111) of a voltage divider (110) are connected in parallel to the control electrode (52) and the anode of the controllable semiconductor valve (54), the other partial resistor (112) of the voltage divider (110) being connected to earth is. This ensures protection against incorrect connection.

A microprocessor-based 6½-digit voltage divider

Abstract: A microprocessor-based, self-checking voltage divider of 22-bit resolution has been implemented as a 7-digit instrument. After an automated calibration process that requires no trimming of components, the divider can provide voltage-compensated transfer ratios accurate to ±0.5 ppm, typically at 10-V input and 0–10-mA output.

Measuring properties of IREQ's 5.4 MV voltage divider

Abstract: The paper presents the results of an investigation into the response characteristics of the Institut de recherche d'Hydro Queebec's 5.4 MV voltage divider, which is suspended from the ceiling of the laboratory. The results obtained differ from those obtained by the Les Renardieres Group for their floor standing voltage divider. The properties of the divider with three different load geometries were investigated. A computer simulation was compared with experimental results obtained from the divider. The applications of the divider were extended to measuring front chopped impulses with different conductor leads.

Monolithically integrated voltage divider

Abstract: A monolithically integrated voltage divider is proposed whose diffused divider resistors (R1, R2, R3) are arranged in one or more trenches (W1, W2, W3) whose trench potential is approximately equal to the potential of the divider resistors (R1, R2, R3). The trench potential can be readjusted to correspond to shock voltages which occur, by using an additional voltage divider, so that the blocking layers which exist between the divider resistors (R1, R2, R3) and the associated trenches (W1, W2, W3) are loaded with relatively low blocking voltages.

Resistive voltage divider for integrated circuits.

Abstract: The voltage divider is formed of monocrystalline silicon resistive components (2,3) obtained by dope implantation and subsequent diffusion.

Ammeter circuit for car

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make it possible to prevent the rising in temp. even if the battery capacity of a car increases, by connecting the voltage terminal of the current dividers inserted between a plurality of alternators and a battery to a plurality of windings of an ammeter. CONSTITUTION:The direction of the DC current traversing a current divider Sh2 is determined by the difference between the output of an alternator G2 and the magnitude of the sum of the inputs of loads L21-L23 connected to said alternator G2 and the discharge current or charge current of a battery B2 is flowed to the current divider Sh2. A discharge current or charge current is also flowed to a current divider Sh3 in the same way by the difference be tween the output of an alternator G3 and the sum of the inputs of loads L31-L33. These two divided currents flow to the coils C1, C2 of an ammeter A2 and the discharge or charge current quantity of the battery B2 is displayed by an indicator N. By this mechanism, a current divider for a large current becomes unnecessary and, therefore, the rising in temp. can be prevented.