Showing papers on "Deformation (meteorology) published in 1975"
TL;DR: Bone deformation recorded in vivo from Strain Gauges Attached to the Human Tibial Shaft was described in this paper, where the authors presented a method to detect the bone deformation in vivo.
Abstract: (1975). Bone Deformation Recorded in vivo from Strain Gauges Attached to the Human Tibial Shaft. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 256-268.
415 citations
Patent•
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a torque measuring element is located on the tool body at the junction of tool body and the handle and connected to the power supply of the tool to discontinue or interrupt power supply upon sensing of deformation between the tools body and handle, due to excessive strain on said junction.
Abstract: To prevent accidents due to high torque of hand tools, such as drills, and the like, which, when the tool bit stalls, may tend to twist the tool handle from the user's hand, a torque measuring element is located on the tool body at the junction of the tool body and the handle and connected to the power supply of the tool to discontinue or interrupt power supply thereto upon sensing of deformation between the tool body and the handle thereof due to excessive strain on said junction; preferably, the handle is joined to the tool body by a section of material of reduced cross-sectional size to accentuate any deformation between the tool handle and the body.
348 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established the loading on a circular tunnel in the "elliptical" mode of deformation, making certain simplifying assumptions, and the effects of shear forces between ground and lining were first ignored and subsequently introduced in an explicit manner.
Abstract: Neither the ground around a tunnel nor, usually, the tunnel lining, behaves in an elastic manner. Nevertheless, the linear characteristic of an elastic or visco-elastic analysis has great merit, particularly when, as frequently occurs, limitations of knowledge of the behaviour of the ground do not justify greater elaboration. This Paper sets out to establish the loading on a circular tunnel in the ‘elliptical’ mode of deformation, making certain simplifying assumptions. The effects of shear forces between ground and lining are first ignored and subsequently introduced in an explicit manner. Bending moments in a lining are related to a stiffness factor, Rs. While a higher mode of deformation of a tunnel lining is only applicable to problems of stability for thin linings, nevertheless, consideration of this condition allows the coefficient of ground reaction a to be evaluated for conditions of asymmetrical deformation. Direct radial loading of a tunnel lining is related to its compressibility factor Rc...
334 citations
317 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical model of irregular wave breaking and dissipation is developed and the setup of irregular waves is computed by means of radiation stress in association with the above wave breaking model.
Abstract: A theoretical model of irregular wave breaking and dissipation is developed. The setup of irregular waves is computed by means of radiation stress in association with the above wave breaking model....
224 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of strain within and around gravitationally produced diapiric structures was studied through the use of experimental models which were deformed in a large-capacity centrifuge.
220 citations
Patent•
28 Oct 1975TL;DR: In this paper, a high density linear array ink jet assembly is provided wherein a multiple chamber unit comprises a chamber housing and at least one flexible diaphragm spanning and sealing the chambers from each other and forming one wall of each chamber.
Abstract: A high density linear array ink jet assembly is provided wherein a multiple chamber unit comprises a chamber housing and at least one flexible diaphragm spanning and sealing the chambers from each other and forming one wall of each chamber. A plurality of actuators for deforming the diaphragm are secured to the diaphragm at each chamber. The actuators are independently activated to deform the diaphragm for a particular chamber thereby decreasing the volume thereof to create a pressure on liquid ink therein. In one embodiment, a pair of elongated coextensive ribbon members are located opposite each other and are separated by a plurality of spaced ferrite walls secured thereto. At least one of the ribbon members comprises a deformable laminate of two layers of different material which have significantly different strain characteristics in the presence of a magnetic field. The ribbon members and each pair of ferrite walls form a deformable chamber whereby a plurality of deformable chambers are formed. A multiple ink jet nozzle unit is secured to the front of the chamber unit, and a reservoir unit is secured to the rear of the chamber unit. A reservoir inlet orifice and an ink droplet outlet orifice are associated with each chamber. A magnetic field is selectively applied to the deformable wall of various selected chambers to deform the wall thereof and thereby decrease the volume of the various chambers to express ink droplets from their outlet orifices onto a recording medium in accordance with an image to be produced. Other embodiments of multiple chamber units are disclosed which are of similar nature utilizing ribbon deformation by magnetostriction or by a piezoelectric member.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory based on the extremum principle for rigid perfectly plastic materials is given for the analysis of three-dimensional deformation in rolling, and theoretical solutions are obtained for single-pass rolling in terms of sideways spread, roll torque and the location of neutral points.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a fractographic technique has been used in a quantitative study of intergranular cavities formed in alpha-iron during creep at 700°C, by studying the role of grain-boundary sliding and the effect o...
Abstract: A fractographic technique has been used in a quantitative study of intergranular cavities formed in alpha-iron during creep at 700°C. By studying the role of grain-boundary sliding and the effect o...
122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the constitutive equation for stress in a hyperelastic body undergoing nonisothermal deformation is derived from a free energy function, which is then decomposition into an isothermal, "effective" strain energy function and a function depending only on temperature.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested that the deformation energy is concentrated in narrow bands of material by adiabatic shear and the temperature rise in these regions could become high enough for initiation.
Abstract: Individual crystals of silver and lead azide have been impacted by spherical particles. Im pact was at normal incidence on flat faces of the explosives. A novel feature of the experiment was that the particles were very small compared with the millimetre dimension crystals. This meant that the impact damage was independent of the shape of the explosive. Initiation took place when critical conditions of particle size and velocity were exceeded. It was possible to examine the deformation produced when the impact conditions were just subcritical and show that it was primarily plastic. If the deformation energy were uniformly distributed around the indentation, only a small temperature rise would be produced. However, it is suggested that, because of thermal softening, the deformation is concentrated in narrow bands of material by adiabatic shear. The temperature rise in these regions could become high enough for initiation. The discussion is extended to compacted explosives and conditions are considered under which local plastic flow can take place. Finally, the advantages of microparticle impact for testing the sensitiveness of explosives, and situations where particle impact has practical interest are described.
TL;DR: The antiferromagnetic structure of the tetragonal phase Fe 1.125 Te has been determined in this paper, showing that below the magnetic-order temperature x-ray and neutron diffraction show a monoclinic deformation.
TL;DR: In this article, the quasi-static loading of an open hemispherical shell along its axis of symmetry through a rigid flat plate is considered with particular reference to large deformations and buckling.
TL;DR: In this paper, a flat-ended punch was used to load polymethylmethacrylate specimens, both by impact and using an Instron machine, and the deformation was compared with that produced in similarly loaded titanium and copper specimens.
Abstract: Polymethylmethacrylate specimens are loaded by a flat-ended punch, both by impact and using an Instron machine. The deformation is compared with that produced in similarly loaded titanium and copper specimens and with related work by other researchers. It is found in these experiments that deformation occurs in localized bands; it is argued that these arise because of thermal softening effects.
TL;DR: In this paper, the binding energies as a function of deformation and quadrupole moments obtained show that the H-F method using the D1 interaction, is reliable approach to study nuclear deformations.
Journal Article•
Abstract: The significance of in situ tests on large coal specimens is briefly reviewed. Tests aimed at obtaining complet~ stress-strain characteristics of large coal specimens with high width-to-height ratios are descriptionbed. A formula for the relationship between strength and width-to-height ratios of coal pillars is proposed, and the influence of widthto- height ratios on the deformation characteristics of pillars is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the core-mantle boundary is modelled by a thin transition layer between the solid and the fluid in which the rigidity drops to zero, and a careful examination of the jump conditions across the transition layer leads to the conclusion that the variables y1, y2 and y6 as defined in the solid are all discontinuous.
Abstract: There has been some recent controversy over the precise nature of the conditions to be imposed at the core-mantle boundary when the Earth suffers a static deformation. We here define static deformation by requiring the fluid core to be in hydrostatic equilibrium both before and after the deformation, and then show how to determine the fluid response in terms of the gravitational potential and normal stress, without reference to particle displacement. The core-mantle boundary is modelled by a thin transition layer between the solid and the fluid in which the rigidity drops to zero. A careful examination of the jump conditions across the transition layer leads to the conclusion that the variables y1, y2 and y6 as defined in the solid are all discontinuous.
01 May 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of snow temperature, rate of deformation, and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated in the pressure range of 0.1 to 75 bars.
Abstract: : The effects of snow temperature, rate of deformation, and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated in the pressure range of 0.1 to 75 bars. The rate of deformation in the range of 0.027 to 27 cm/sec does not have a significant effect. A decrease in temperature in the range of 0 to -40C increases the resistance to stress and deformation, the temperature effect increasing with applied pressure and initial density. The effect of initial density is significant. For any stress, an increase in the initial density results in an increase in the resulting density, particularly at low stress levels and at temperatures near 0C. The texture of artificially compacted snow is significantly different from that of naturally compacted snow of the same density because of the very short recrystallization time period.
TL;DR: The main results of tectonic, geophysical and geodetic investigations of earth deformation in New Zealand are presented in this article, where the authors present a survey of the results.
TL;DR: Deformation mechanism mapping has recently evolved as a method for quantitatively expressing complex deformation equations while at the same time allowing visual insight into understanding of these deformation processes as mentioned in this paper, and specific application to creep of α-Zr and Zircaloy-2 is demonstrated.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was made of processes taking place in glassy polymers during deformation in adsorption-active media, and it was shown that these polymers are able to undergo considerable non-entropy type reversible deformation.
Abstract: A study was made of processes taking place in glassy polymers during deformation in adsorption-active media. It was shown that glassy polymers are able to undergo considerable non-entropy type reversible deformation. A mechanism is proposed for the effect.
01 May 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a principle of stationary complementary energy for the finite deformation of elastic materials is discussed, but the complementary energy functional depends only on the components of the nominal stress, and not on the displacement field.
Abstract: In a recent paper Koiter (5) discussed a principle of stationary complementary energy for the finite deformation of elastic materials. The complementary energy functional he uses depends only on the components of the nominal stress, and not on the displacement field. He, incorrectly, attributes the principle to Zubov (14).
TL;DR: In this paper, tensile and compression tests have been carried out over a range of temperatures between 78 and 360 K to determine the micromechanisms of deformation and the mode of fracture.
Abstract: Tensile and compression tests have been carried out over a range of temperatures between 78 and 360 K to determine the micromechanisms of deformation and the mode of fracture. In compression, deformation occurred by shear band propagation whereas, in tension, deformation was restricted to crazing followed by fracture. Anomalously low crazing stresses were observed for tests on specimens immersed in liquid nitrogen. Analysis of the mechanism of fracture confirmed previous work relating crazing and fracture and the fracture model has been modified slightly to take account of additional features observed in failure of crazes at high temperatures.