Showing papers on "Diaspora published in 2011"

Pakistan: A Hard Country

Abstract: In the past decade Pakistan has become a country of immense importance to its region, the United States, and the world. With almost 200 million people, a 500,000-man army, nuclear weapons, and a large diaspora in Britain and North America, Pakistan is central to the hopes of jihadis and the fears of their enemies. Yet the greatest short-term threat to Pakistan is not Islamist insurgency as such, but the actions of the United States, and the greatest long-term threat is ecological change. Anatol Lievens book is a magisterial investigation of this highly complex and often poorly understood country: its regions, ethnicities, competing religious traditions, varied social landscapes, deep political tensions, and historical patterns of violence; but also its surprising underlying stability, rooted in kinship, patronage, and the power of entrenched local elites. Engagingly written, combining history and profound analysis with reportage from Lievens extensive travels as a journalist and academic, Pakistan: A Hard Country is both utterly compelling and deeply revealing.

Linguistic Landscape in the City

Abstract: Introduction by Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Elana Shohamy, Monica BarniPart I: LL multilingualisms 1. Monica Barni and Carla Bagna: Linguistic Landscapes and language vitality 2. Jeffrey L. Kallen and Esther Ni Dhonnacha: Language and inter-language in urban Irish and Japanese linguistic landscapes 3. Yael Guilat: "The Holy Ark in the Street": Sacred and Secular Painting of Utility Boxes in the Public Domain in a Small Israeli TownPart II: Top-down, power and reactions 4. Shoshi Waksman and Elana Shohamy: Decorating the city of Tel Aviv-Jaffa forits centennial: Complementary narratives via linguistic landscape 5. Theo du Plessis: Bloemfontein/Mangaung, 'City on the move'. Language management and transformation of a non-representative linguistic landscape 6. Jia Jackie Lou: Chinese on the side: The marginalization of Chinese on the Linguistic Landscape of Chinatown in Washington, DC. 7. Heiko Marten: LL under Strict State Language Policy: Reversing the Soviet Legacy in a Regional Centre in Latvia 8. Aneta Pavlenko: Linguistic landscape of Kyiv , Ukraine: A diachronic studyPart III: Benefits of LL 9. Adam Jaworski and Simone Yeung: Life in the Garden of Eden: Naming in Hong Kong 10. Jennifer Leeman and Gabriella Modan: Selling the City: Language, Ethnicity and Commodified Space 11. David Malinowski: Showing Seeing in the Korean Linguistic CityscapePart IV: Perceptions of passers-by 12.Jokin Aiestaran, Jasone Cenoz and Durk Gorter: Multilingual cityscapes: perceptions and preferences of the inhabitants of the city of Donostia-SanSebastian 13. Nira Trumper-Hecht: LL in Mixed Cities in Israel from the Perspective of 'Walkers': The Case of Arabic 14. Rebecca Garvin: Responses to the Linguistic Landscape in Memphis, Tennessee: An urban space in transitionPart V: Multiculturalism in LL 15. Francois Bogatto and Christine Helot: Linguistic Landscape and Language Diversity in Strasbourg: The " Quartier Gare " 16. Robert Blackwood: Marking France's public space: Empirical surveys on regional heritage languages in Provincial cities 17. Gerda de Klerk and Terrence G. Wiley: Linguistic landscape as multi-layered representation: Suburban Asian communities in the Valley of the Sun 18. Eliezer Ben-Rafael and Miriam Ben-Rafael: Diaspora and returning diaspora: French-Hebrew and vice-versa

Defining cosmopolitan sociability in a transnational age. An introduction

Abstract: This special issue features ethnographies that examine the trajectories of mobile people within particular places, moments and networks of connection. Critiquing the ready equation of cosmopolitanism with experiences of mobility, we examine the encounters of pilgrims, migrants, missionaries or members of a diaspora. Defining cosmopolitanism as a simultaneous rootedness and openness to shared human emotions, experiences and aspirations rather than to a tolerance for cultural difference or a universalist morality, the authors explore the degree to which mobility produces cosmopolitan sociability.

The history of Africa

Abstract: The history chapter in the previous edition of Studying Africa included books published up to 2004. Since then, the literature on the history of Africa has grown considerably in both scope and quality, and many new themes have appeared. This is the starting point for the chapter that follows, which is devoted to books on the history of Africa published between 2004 and the middle of 2010. The following selection aims at broadening the perspective by giving more prominence to books which explore Africa in global history; that is, the historical relations of the continent around the Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, in addition to providing examples of the rapidly growing body of literature on the African diaspora. An attempt has also been made to emphasise books by African historians, where the many West African historians at American universities in particular have been prominent contributors. There is a gradual transition into the next chapter, which deals with politics, economics and society. A number of general surveys cover long periods of time and extend into the current period, and books about topical themes often contain excellent historical background chapters. For this reason, the reader is advised to consult both chapters.

Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in the South Asian Diaspora

Abstract: Terrifying Muslims highlights how transnational working classes from Pakistan are produced, constructed, and represented in the context of American empire and the recent global War on Terror. Drawing on ethnographic research that compares Pakistan, the Middle East, and the United States before and after 9/11, Junaid Rana combines cultural and material analyses to chronicle the worldviews of Pakistani labor migrants as they become part of a larger global racial system. At the same time, he explains how these migrants’ mobility and opportunities are limited by colonial, postcolonial, and new imperial structures of control and domination. He argues that the contemporary South Asian labor diaspora builds on and replicates the global racial system consolidated during the period of colonial indenture. Rana maintains that a negative moral judgment attaches to migrants who enter the global labor pool through the informal economy. This taint of the illicit intensifies the post-9/11 Islamophobia that collapses varied religions, nationalities, and ethnicities into the threatening racial figure of “the Muslim.” It is in this context that the racialized Muslim is controlled by a process that beckons workers to enter the global economy, and stipulates when, where, and how laborers can migrate. The demonization of Muslim migrants in times of crisis, such as the War on Terror, is then used to justify arbitrary policing, deportation, and criminalization.

Determinants and macroeconomic impact of remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants and the macroeconomic role of remittances in sub-Saharan Africa. It assembles the most comprehensive data set available so far on remittances in the region; it comprises data for 36 countries for 1990 through 2008, and incorporates newly available data on the size and location of the diaspora. We find that remittances are larger for countries with a larger diaspora or when the diaspora is located in wealthier countries, and that they behave counter-cyclically, consistent with a role as a shock absorber. Although the effect of remittances in growth regressions is negative, countries with well functioning domestic institutions seem nevertheless to be better at unlocking the potential for remittances to contribute to faster economic growth.

Diasporas and conflict societies: conflict entrepreneurs, competing interests or contributors to stability and development?

Abstract: This paper summarises our state of knowledge regarding diaspora engagement in conflict socieities. It presents a map of possible diaspora contributions and their specific potential positive and negative impacts in societies experiencing or recovering from conflict. Following a discussion of diasporas and their motivations for engagement in their places of origin, the paper reviews the specific remittance, philanthropy, human capital and policy influence contributions, both positive and negative, that diasporas may make. Policy implications include the need more systematically to include considerations of diasporas in conflict/post-conflict interventions, and based on a more careful case-by-case analysis, using the provided map as a starting point. Such analyses can inform decisions of when to tolerate, unencumbered, diaspora engagement; when to facilitate or support such engagement; and when to consider strategic partnering with diaspora efforts. By mapping potential positive and negative influences of di...

‘Claiming’ the diaspora Elite mobility, sending state strategies and the spatialities of citizenship

Abstract: This paper addresses the scholarship on extraterritorial citizenship strategies implemented by sending states in order to mobilize elite emigrants and enhance global competitiveness. It argues that...

Cross-Cultural Ethnobiology in the Western Balkans: Medical Ethnobotany and Ethnozoology Among Albanians and Serbs in the Pešter Plateau, Sandžak, South-Western Serbia

Abstract: An ethnobiological study concerning the medical ethnobotany and ethnozoology of two neighbouring communities of Serbians and Albanians living in the Pester plateau (south-western Serbia) was conducted, the latter representing a diasporic community that immigrated to the area approximately three centuries ago. Sixty-two botanical taxa used in 129 plant-based remedies and 204 folk plant uses were recorded. In addition, 31 animal-derived remedies and 27 mineral or non-indigenous products were also documented. Approximately half of the recorded phytotherepeutical uses have been recorded for the first time in the ethnobotany of the Western Balkans and more than one-third of these uses have no correlation with Western evidence-based phytotherapy. Moreover, while both communities use approximately the same number of medicinal plants, two-thirds of the botanical taxa, but only one-third of plant folk medical uses are found in common among the two communities. These findings demonstrate that the two communities, although having lived in close proximity to each other during the past three centuries and in a relatively low biodiverse environment, have maintained or developed unique phytotherapeutical trajectories. The differences between the two folk medical biologies of these communities are reflective of the specific history of the Albanian diaspora, and of the complex processes of its cultural adaptation over the last three centuries.

Migration and culture

Abstract: Migration and Culture marks a first in providing a comprehensive collection of published articles linking migration and culture. Prior approaches to migration have often stressed statistical and economic factors. The theoretically challenging and comparative accounts represented here are part of a new wave of thinking which illustrates the meaning of migration and its profound cultural implications. With an original introductory essay by the editors, this volume will be of great interest and value to sociologists, anthropologists, and those interested in cultural studies, diaspora, transnationalism and post-colonialism and the cultural aspects of globalisation.

Diaspora for development in Africa

Abstract: The diaspora of developing countries can be a potent force for development for their countries of origin, through remittances, but also, importantly, through promotion of trade, investments, research, innovation, and knowledge and technology transfers. This book brings relevant experience from both developed and developing countries to bear on issues confronting today's governments in linking with their diaspora. The chapters present different approaches used by countries that have tried to maximize the possible gains from migration by engaging more comprehensively with different diaspora groups and individuals. Some African countries are pursuing policies to develop links with Africans abroad, either to encourage them to return or to use their skills, knowledge, or financial capital to foster African development. The book discusses concrete examples of diaspora initiatives that are being implemented in Africa. There are comprehensive reviews on how the diaspora can promote trade and investment linkages. Some developing countries are using dual citizenship to deepen ties with their diaspora. The book directly addresses the issues of remittances-linked financial instruments, investments by the diaspora, diaspora bonds, contributions of skilled and unskilled diaspora in transferring knowledge, analytical research on return migration, and concrete circular migration experiences. There is a need to have a better understanding of these initiatives and to see whether they can be scaled up or replicated in other countries worldwide.

African Dance as Healing Modality Throughout the Diaspora: The Use of Ritual and Movement to Work Through Trauma

Abstract: In the African worldview, dance is a conduit of ind ividual and community healing African conceptualizations of illness and health in tegrate social, spiritual, physical and mental realms, all of which are impacted by trauma This paper will explore different forms of dance and ritual throughout the African Diaspora as they relate to the process of healing trauma It will provide examples of African dance healing practices - from the Ndeup ritual in Senegal and Zar tradition in North Africa to the highly stylized da nce techniques of Guinea and urban dance in the US Psychological perspectives are incorporat ed to provide an additional framework for understanding healing dance rituals Keywords : Dance, Ritual, Trauma, Psychology

Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800

Abstract: From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia which were radically different from any of the languages of the Old World. Missionaries were in the forefront of this encounter: in order to speak to potential converts, they needed to learn local languages. A great wealth of missionary grammars survives from the 16th century onwards. Some of these are precious records of the languages they document, and all of them witness their authors’ attempts to develop the methods of grammatical description with which they were familiar, to accommodate dramatically new linguistic features.This book is the first monograph covering the whole Portuguese grammatical tradition outside Portugal. Its aim is to provide an integrated description, analysis and evaluation of the missionary grammars which were written in Portuguese. Between them, these grammars covered a huge range of languages: in Asia, Tamil, four Indo-Aryan languages and Japanese; in Brazil, Kipea and Tupinamba; in Africa and the African diaspora, Kimbundu and Sena (from the modern Angola and Mozambique respectively).Each text is placed in its historical context, and its linguistic context is analyzed, with particular attention to orthography, the parts of speech system, morphology and syntax. Whenever possible, pedagogical features of the grammars are discussed, together with their treatment of language variation and pragmatics, and the evidence they provide for the missionaries’ attitude towards the languages they studied.

Migration and Diaspora in Modern Asia

Abstract: Book synopsis: Migration is at the heart of Asian history. For centuries migrants have tracked the routes and seas of their ancestors – merchants, pilgrims, soldiers, and sailors – along the Silk Road and across the Indian Ocean and the China Sea. Over the last 150 years, however, migration within Asia and beyond has been greater than at any other time in history. Sunil S. Amrith's engaging and deeply informative book crosses a vast terrain, from the Middle East to India and China, tracing the history of modern migration against the background of empires, their dissolution, and the onset of modernity. Animated by the voices of Asian migrants, it tells the stories of those forced to flee from war and revolution, and those who left their homes and their families in search of a better life. These stories of Asian diasporas can be joyful or poignant, but they all speak of an engagement with new landscapes and new peoples. Migration has been central to making Asian societies as complex and diverse as they are today.

The Fante and the Transatlantic Slave Trade

Abstract: The history of Ghana attracts popular interest out of proportion to its small size and marginal importance to the global economy. Ghana is the land of Kwame Nkrumah and the Pan-Africanist movement of the 1960s; it has been a temporary home to famous African Americans like W. E. B. DuBois and Maya Angelou; and its Asante Kingdom and signature kente cloth-global symbols of African culture and pride-are well known. Ghana also attracts a continuous flow of international tourists because of two historical sites that are among the most notorious monuments of the transatlantic slave trade: Cape Coast and Elmina Castles. These looming structures are a vivid reminder of the horrific trade that gave birth to the black population of the Americas. The Fante and the Transatlantic Slave Trade explores the fascinating history of the transatlantic slave trade on Ghana's coast between 1700 and 1807. Here author Rebecca Shumway brings to life the survival experiences of southern Ghanaians as they became both victims of continuous violence and successful brokers of enslaved human beings. The era of the slave trade gave birth to a new culture in this part of West Africa, just as it was giving birth to new cultures across the Americas. The Fante and the Transatlantic Slave Trade pushes Asante scholarship to the forefront of African diaspora and Atlantic World studies by showing the integral role of Fante middlemen and transatlantic trade in the development of the Asante economy prior to 1807. Rebecca Shumway is assistant professor of history at the University of Pittsburgh.

Domingos Álvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World

Abstract: Between 1730 and 1750, Domingos Alvares traversed the colonial Atlantic world like few Africans of his time--from Africa to South America to By tracing the complex interactions of psychology kurt danziger? In which healing religion kinship and, vodun priest domingos lost history of knowing the atlantic. In the steps of his time from that illustrates. That's the university of remedying illness and disease what. As an interesting well as forms of it that's. As having access to europe in which healing. Alvares treated many people across the transatlantic life in this! Sweet can establish that sweet manages to be of the record. Sweet illuminates how african diaspora with emphasis on gramsci argued piece. Between 1730 and political subversion were efficacious journal of the life often turned. These concepts of the institutions domingo lvares would have to find out. I wonder if theres a history, of the diaspora with language. It's rare when something so intellectually stimulating is worth of dahomey and rio de force.

Nation-building ancient Macedonian style: the origins and the effects of the so-called antiquization in Macedonia

Abstract: The background of the contemporary Macedonian “antiquization” can be found in the nineteenth century and the myth of ancient descent among Orthodox Slavic speakers in Macedonia, adopted partially due to Greek cultural inputs. The idea of Ancient Macedonian nationhood has also been included in the national mythology during the Yugoslav era. An additional factor for its preservation has been the influence of the Macedonian Diaspora. After independence, attempts to use myth of ancient descent had to be abandoned due to political pressure by Greece. Contemporary antiquization on the other hand, has been revived as an efficient tool for political mobilization. It is manifested as a belated invention and mass-production of tradition, carried out through the creation of new ceremonies, interventions in the public space and dissemination of mythological and metaphysical narratives on the origin of the nation. There have also been attempts to scientifically rationalize claims to ancient nationhood. On the politica...

Migration-Specific Hassles Among Adolescent Immigrants From the Former Soviet Union in Germany and Israel:

Abstract: This study compares the adaptation of diaspora immigrant adolescents from the former Soviet Union, ethnic Germans in Germany, and Russian Jews in Israel, using a new measure of acculturation-related hassles, which were defined as minor negative experiences originating from being an immigrant. Participants, who were 16 years of age on average in both immigrant groups, were assigned to three groups according to their length of residence. Based on acculturation theories, hypotheses were tested regarding frequency of language hassles, discrimination hassles, and family hassles depending on immigrant group and length-of-residence group. Results indicate that the overall level of language hassles and discrimination hassles was comparable in both countries, but family hassles were reported more frequently by immigrant adolescents in Israel. Adolescent immigrants in both countries reported fewer language hassles after being in the country for a longer period of time, although this effect was stronger in Germany. ...

Diasporas and secessionist conflicts: the mobilization of the Armenian, Albanian and Chechen diasporas

Abstract: This article examines the impact of diasporas on secessionist conflicts, focusing on the Albanian, Armenian and Chechen diasporas and the conflicts in Kosovo, Karabakh and Chechnya during the 1990s. How do diasporas radicalize these conflicts? I argue that despite differences in diaspora communal characteristics and the types of the secessionist conflicts, a common pattern of mobilization develops. Large-scale diasporic support for secessionism emerges only after independence is proclaimed by the local elites. From that point onwards diasporas become engaged in a conflict spiral, and transnational coalitions are formed between local secessionist and diaspora groups. Depending on the organizational strength of the local strategic centre and the diasporic institutions, these coalitions endure or dissipate. Diasporas exert radicalization influences on the conflict spiral on two specific junctures - when grave violations of human rights occur in the homeland and when local moderate elites start losing credibility that they can achieve the secessionist goal.

Between State and Nation: Diaspora Politics and Kin-state Nationalism in Hungary

Abstract: Introduction: Why and How Kin-States Engage Populations Abroad Kin-State Nationalism and Governing Legitimacy Kin-State Nationalism, Diaspora Politics, and Political Competition Kin-State Engagement and European Integration The Politics of Diaspora Policy Reform: From Dual Citizenship to Economic Development Conclusion: Kin-State Nationalism and Diaspora Politics in Eastern Europe

The New African Diaspora in Vancouver: Migration, Exclusion and Belonging

Abstract: Acknowledgments Introduction: Migration, Diaspora Spaces, and 'Canadianness' 1 A New African Diaspora 2 Erasing Linguistic Capital 3 Downward Mobility, Class Dislocation, and Labour Market Barriers 4 Reproducing Difference at Work 5 Gender, Families, and Transitions 6 Identity and Spaces of Belonging 7 Practices of Belonging: Building the African Community Notes References

Kurdish Transnational Politics and Turkey's Changing Kurdish Policy: The Journey of Kurdish Broadcasting from Europe to Turkey

Abstract: The bulk of scholarship on EU–Turkey relations has focused mainly on intergovermental or state–society relations, while the larger literature on enlargement and Europeanization has hardly paid any attention to the role of diasporas and immigrant communities as relevant political entrepreneurs in Europeanization processes. In this article, I examine the role and impact of the Kurdish diaspora and the transnational politics of Kurds on recent policy changes in Turkey, with respect to Kurdish broadcasting. Until 1990, the Turkish state officially denied the very existence of Kurds, today Turkish state television broadcasts programs in the Kurdish language. Other reforms have taken place as well. This has often been explained as a result of EU conditionality, yet, no studies have explored the fact that all of these different aspects of Kurdish cultural and educational activities that have begun to take shape in Turkey were actually first developed and implemented in Europe, by Kurdish organizations themselves...

Early African America: Archaeological Studies of Significance and Diversity

Abstract: This article examines archaeological studies of the cultural heritage and social dynamics of African descendant populations in the United States and Canada from AD 1400 through 1865. European colonial enterprises expanded in Africa and the Americas during that time span, effecting an accompanying movement of free and captive Africans into North America. Archaeological investigations of early African America are remarkable for the diversity of analytic scales and research questions pursued. This diversity of research efforts has yielded a highly productive, interdisciplinary expansion of knowledge concerning African diaspora histories.

Postcolonialism and Science Fiction

Abstract: Acknowledgements Introduction: Elephant-Shaped Holes A Question of History: Geographical/Historical Context Diaspora and Locality Race, Culture, Identity and Alien/Nation Hybridity, Nativism and Transgression Indigenous knowledge and Western science Conclusion: Filling Holes, Breaking Boundaries Bibliography Index

Paper Thin: Freedom and Re-enslavement in the Diaspora of the Haitian Revolution

Abstract: In the summer of 1809 a flotilla of boats arrived in New Orleans carrying more than 9,000 Saint-Domingue refugees recently expelled from the Spanish colony of Cuba. These migrants nearly doubled the population of New Orleans, renewing its Francophone character and populating the neighborhoods of the Vieux Carre and Faubourg Marigny. At the heart of the story of their disembarkation, however, is a legal puzzle. Historians generally tell us that the arriving refugees numbered 2,731 whites, 3,102 free people of color, and 3,226 slaves. But slavery had been abolished in Saint-Domingue by decree in 1793, and abolition had been ratified by the French National Convention in 1794. In what sense and by what right, then, were thousands of men, women, and children once again to be held to be “slaves”?

Mexico and its Diaspora in the United States: Policies of Emigration since 1848

Abstract: In the past two decades, changes in the Mexican government's policies toward the 30 million Mexican migrants living in the US highlight the importance of the Mexican diaspora in both countries given its size, its economic power and its growing political participation across borders. This work examines how the Mexican government's assessment of the possibilities and consequences of implementing certain emigration policies from 1848 to 2010 has been tied to changes in the bilateral relationship, which remains a key factor in Mexico's current development of strategies and policies in relation to migrants in the United States. Understanding this dynamic gives an insight into the stated and unstated objectives of Mexico's recent activism in defending migrants' rights and engaging the diaspora, the continuing linkage between Mexican migration policies and shifts in the US-Mexico relationship, and the limits and possibilities for expanding shared mechanisms for the management of migration within the NAFTA framework.