Showing papers on "Disturbance (geology) published in 1970"

Atlantic tropical systems of 1969

Abstract: A census of Atlantic tropical systems of 1969 presents information on the history of each tropical wave or disturbance, including the dates these systems passed three key stations: Dakar, Barbados, and San Andres Island.

A Permian Disturbance of K-Ar Radiometric Ages in New England: Its Occurrence and Cause

Abstract: Approximately 200 K-Ar mineral and whole rock ages from New England, half of which are previously unpublished, are used to delineate an area of Permian thermal disturbance. The disturbed area, as outlined by K-Ar mica ages, forms a north-northeast-trending belt 60–80 mi wide that extends from the coast of Long Island Sound in southern Connecticut to southwestern Maine, where it terminates against rocks displaying older radiometric ages. Several possible mechanisms that may have affected the radio-metric systems of pre-existing rocks are examined: (1) contact metamorphism related to contemporaneous igneous activity, (2) alteration associated with major faulting, (3) regional metamorphism in late Paleozoic time, and (4) burial followed by uplift and erosion. Evidence is given that each of these mechanisms was operative locally, especially in the southern portion of the belt. The general lack of late Paleozoic tectonism in New Hampshire and Maine suggests that only burial is a likely cause of the disturbance there.

Family Concepts and Emotional Disturbance in the Families of Disturbed Adolescents with Normal Siblings

Abstract: Family Concepts and Emotional Disturbance in the Families of Disturbed Adolescents With Normal Siblings Arthur L. Novak University of Kansas Ferdinand van der Veen Institute for Juvenile Research Chicago, Illinois The assumption that family factors may be pathogenic for emotional disturbance has generally failed to be substantiated, It was hypothesized that this relationship depends on the way in which family conditions are subjectively perceived by the family members. Ss were adolescent patients, normal siblings, parents, and a normal control group of adolescents and parents. Perceptions of the family and ideal family were obtained on the Family Concept Q Sort. As predicted, patients were significantly lower than their siblings on perceived family adjustment and satisfaction; normal siblings did not differ significantly from normal controlb; and parents of patients were lower than parents of normal controls. Distinctive differences were found in the primary content factors of the family concepts of each child and parent group. Family Concepts and Emotional Disturbance in the Families of Disturbed Adolescents With Normal Siblings' Arthur L. Novak Ferdinand van der Veen University of Kansas Institute for Juvenile Research Many studies have found that persons with emotional disorders have early family backgrounds filled with emotional difficulties, such as rejection (Vogel, et al., 1964), child-parent conflict (McKeown, 1950; Vogel and Bell, 1960), inter-parental conflict (Fisher, 1959), broken homes XlUdow and Hardy, 1947), absence of one parent (Ingham, 1949), weak father figures (Millar, 1961), "smothering" mothers, (Sperling, 1951; Glauber, 1951) and prolonged sibling conflict (Ingham, 1949). These findings have led many investigators to refer to these early family environments as "pathogenic", and as central causative factors in emotional disorders. Nevertheless, controlled and systematic investigations have rarely found a direct relationship between family background and psychopathology. Stevenson (1957) states that "if the experiences of childhood importantly influence the later personality, we should expect to find some correlation between such experiences and the later occurrance of mental disorder. In fact, no such correlations have ever been shown (p. 153)." Renaud and Estess (1961) report that extensive interviews with 100 military men revealed a great deal of material regarding family background of a supposedly "pathogenic" nature, yet these men were rated high on emotional adjustment. Similarly, after an extensive review of the literature on the etiology of psychopathology, Frank (1965) concludes Novak and van der Veen 2 that there are no evident factors which distinguish the backgrounds of families of schizophrenics, neurotics and behavioral disorders from the families of normal controls, or from each other. In spite of the lack of corroboration, it is still generally accepted that family background strongly influences later emotional adjustment. A related issue is raised by the view that the patient seeking treatment, especially if that patient is a child, is the representative of a wider problem permeating the entire family unit (Ackerman, 1958; Handel, 1967; Bell, 1962). However, it is possible to find clinic patients from supposedly pathogenic families who have non-disturbed siblings (Vogel and Bell, 1960). To the extent that this is true, it casts doubt on the assumed relationship between family factors and emotional disorders. If the family environment is the principal pathology producing agent, the question arises as to why one child's reaction to this environment is pathological while that of another is not? One possible explanation for the lack of evidence for the family environment-emotional health relationship is that the objective presence of a pathogenic family environment may be only as important as the individual's subjective interpretation of that environment or, more simply, as the particular meaning that it has for him (e.g Frank, 1965; Hess and Handel, 1959). One child may perceive his family experience with such severity that it results in psychopathology, while to another it is only mildly disturbing and results in no lasting emotional problems. This possibility allows for the fact that there is no known one-to-one relationship between family factors and psychopathology and that similar objective conditions can exist for both disturbed and Novak and van der Veen 3 non-disturbed children. This view would, however; predict a difference in the way family conditions are perceived, depending on the degree of disturbance shown by the individual. The present study deals with this prediction for the family view of a disturbed adolescent child and a non-disturbed adolescent sibling. For control purposes, comparisons are also made with adolescent children from non-clinic families, and between the parents of the clinic and non-clinic groups. An assumption of the approach taken in the study is that a person's view of his family experience, his "cognitive scheme" of the family, consists of a coherent and potent set of perceived attributes (van der Veen, et al., 1964). This set of attributes has been termed the person's "family concept" and a test (described below) ahs been developed for its assessment. In previous studies (cf. van der Veen, 1965) measures of family adjustment, family satisfaction and the congruence of family concepts have been obtained by means of the test and have been shown to differentiate between the parents of disturbed children and parents of well-adjusted children. The present study is a preliminary investigation of the hypothesis that the degree of disturbance shown by the child is a function of his perception of the family, especially of the degree of family adjustment and satisfaction shown by his view of his family. It was predicted (1) that there is less family adjustment and satisfaction in the family concepts of disturbed children, than in their siblings or normal controls; (2) that the siblings and normal controls do not differ on these variables; (3) that the family concepts of parents of disturbed children show less adjustment and satisfaction than the concepts of Novak and van der Veen 4 parents of non-disturbed children; and (4) that there are distinctive differences in the principal content dimensions of the family concepts of each of these groups. The first two predictions test the hypothesized relationship between perceived family experience and degree of disturbance. The third replicates an hypothesis tested in previous studies: that factors in the parents' family concepts are associated with the child's degree of disturbance. The fourth prediction explores the relationship between the content of family concepts and the lurson's adjustment and family position. Method Two groups of families were tested. The clinic group had applied to an outpatient clinci for help with a problem concerning an adolescent child. The other group was selected from the community, through the ninth grade school enrollment lists. Thirteen families were selected for each group. For the clinic group, only families with at least two children 11 years of age or older were used. One of these children, the identified patient, was professionally diagnosed as emotionally disturbed, with the exclusion of psychotic or organic disorders. Families in which more than one adolescent was known to be disturbed were excluded. Problems included predominantly aggressive, acting-out ones (4 boys and 2 girls), withdrawal and immaturity (2 boys and 2 girls), nervousness and depression (1 boy and 1 girl) and school phobia (1 boy). Several of these cases also involved psychosomatic symptoms. At the time of testing 10 of the families were on a waiting list and the other 3 had had less than 3 interviews. Novak and van der Veen 5 The community families were selected from a larger sample of 25 families on whom data were already available. This group of families was obtained from children in the ninth grade whose names had been placed by a teacher in either the lowest or highest quartile of general school adjustment. They therefore represent a broad range of adjustment in a school setting. An unusually high number of the fathers in the tested group had graduate education (12 out of 25), probably due to the school's proximity to a large university. These families were dropped from the final sample in order to make the social status of the non-clinic families as similar to the clinic ones ai possible (see Table 1). The distribution of adjustment in the final non-clinc sample was nearly equal: 7 better and 6 worse adjusted. 2 Insert Table 1 about here Family characteristics of the two groups are presented in Table 1. the groups are well matched, with the exceptions of somewhat larger families in the clinic group and a higher proportion of females in the non-clinic children. Testing was done in the home on both parents and all children 11 years of age or older in the clinic group, and on both parents and the 9th grade child in the non-clinic group. This resulted in ter* data from 100 persons for the samples we used. Family descriptions were obtained on the Family Concept Q Sort (van der Veen, et al., 1964). The Family Concept Q Sort consists of 80 items that are sorted into nine piles, ranging from "least like" to "most like" the family (or the ideal family), following the usual forced-sort procedure. Examples of the Novak and van der Veen 6 items are "We are an affectionate family," "We have very good times together," "We just cannot tell each other our real feelings," "Accomplishing what we want to do seems to be difficult for us," "We resent each other's friends." As can be seen, each item concerns the entire family unit and not individual relationships within the fully. This mode of item construction reduced the complexity of describing family experience, made the test results from different family mem

Hepatic Fibrogenesis and Disturbance of Hepatic Circulation

Abstract: A vicious circle appears to connect hepatic fibrosis and disturbances of hepatic circulation in chronic and acute liver diseases. Alterations in the intrahepatic microcirculation favor development of fibrosis, whereas the main consequences of hepatic fibrosis are the disturbance of nutrition of the hepatocytes by pericellular fibrosis, reduction of the parenchymal blood flow, and portal hypertension. Understanding the processes involved in hepatic fibrogenesis may thus contribute to the appreciation of the disturbed hepatic function in chronic liver disease and may eventually provide therapeutic approaches by influencing specific processes in fibrogenesis. Fibrogenesis is of general importance in aging, arteriosclerosis, and wound healing. In the following, the specific processes in hepatic fibrogenesis will be briefly reviewed, particularly as they apply to disturbances of hepatic circulation.

Observation and control of linear systems with constant disturbances

Abstract: The problem of regulation in the presence of a fixed but unknown disturbance is considered. The control law is designed as if the disturbance were known, and an estimate given by an observer is used in the control law. A system results having as many integrators as outputs.

Effects of disturbance on seed germination in some annual plants.

Abstract: Herbage removal, fire, and soil disturbance significantly reduced the numbers of germinating seedlings of Bromus mollis, B. tectorum, and Trifolium microcephalum the first season following alteration. Burining and soil disturbance caused the largest reduction in numbers of grass seedlings; clipping reduced the numbers to half that found on the undisturbed plots. Soil disturbance caused the greatest reduction in numbers of germinating clover seedlings. Burning and clipping reduced the clovers significantly below the undisturbed plots, but the reduction was much less than that caused by soil disturbance. Differences between the test conditions were not significant in subsequent years. See full-text article at JSTOR

Ventilatory Disturbance and Arterial-Alveolar N 2 Differences During Recovery from Hyaline Membrane Disease

Abstract: Ventilatory Disturbance and Arterial-Alveolar N 2 Differences During Recovery from Hyaline Membrane Disease

Effect of Viscosity on Long Waves in Shallow Water

Abstract: A linearized theory is used to investigate the effect of viscosity on long gravity waves in shallow water. The propagation of an initial disturbance to the surface is considered and an asymptotic solution to this problem is obtained.

Language Disturbance and Intellectual Functioning.

Abstract: In undergoing this life, many people always try to do and get the best. New knowledge, experience, lesson, and everything that can improve the life will be done. However, many people sometimes feel confused to get those things. Feeling the limited of experience and sources to be better is one of the lacks to own. However, there is a very simple thing that can be done. This is what your teacher always manoeuvres you to do this one. Yeah, reading is the answer. Reading a book as this language disturbance and intellectual functioning and other references can enrich your life quality. How can it be?

Patch-gap Analysis Of Presence-absence Data In Vegetation Transects Using Hidden Markov Models, With Application To The Characterisation Of Post-fire Plant Pattern Disturbance In A Semiarid Pine Forest

Abstract: We discuss the application of hidden Markov models (HMMs) to estimate the distributions of patch and gap sizes from vegetation transects with presenceabsence data. Different models of HMMs are considered. A first basic model, expected to be appropriate for vegetation communities with simple pattern structure and relatively homogeneous patches and gaps, consists of two hidden states, patch and gap, and two symbols, corresponding to presence or absence of vegetation. When the spatial pattern of the vegetation is expected to be more complex, such as in communities with a diversity of plant growth forms, the topology of the HMM should be selected more carefully. We propose models with three and four hidden states, expected to be more adequate when two levels of patchiness are involved, as is the case in many patchy semiarid plant communities. For each model, their parameters, transition and emission probabilities, are estimated from the observed transect data using the BaumWelch algorithm, the sequence of states that maximises the posterior probability is obtained using the Viterbi algorithm and the distributions of the patch and gap sizes are thus described. The method is applied to characterise the vegetation patterns in two contiguous burned and unburned zones of a semiarid pine forest, Pinus halepensis Mill., in Southeast Spain. The analysis suggests a certain inertia of the spatial plant pattern after the occurrence of a wildf~e. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 46, © 2001 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541

Disturbance of cerebral oxygen transport during neurosurgical anaesthesia.

Abstract: Cerebral oxygenation may become inadequate because controlled ventilation with hypocapnia reduces cerebral blood flow, especially if the PaCO, is reduced to something of the order of 20 mm Hg. Secondly, hypotension, often to an arterial pressure of 50 mm Hg, is often used for aneurysm surgery. GILBERT et al. (1966)' published preliminary observations stating that quite appreciable rises in blood-lactate levels were to be expected in neurosurgical cases in which hyperventilation was used. I t therefore seemed worth while to investigate the matter.