Showing papers on "Diversity (politics) published in 2012"
TL;DR: The notion of culturally sustaining pedagogy was introduced by as discussed by the authors, who argued that teaching and learning relevant and responsive to the languages, literacies, and cultural practices of students across categories of difference and (in)equality.
Abstract: Seventeen years ago Gloria Ladson-Billings (1995) published the landmark article “Toward a Theory of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy,” giving a coherent theoretical statement for resource pedagogies that had been building throughout the 1970s and 1980s. I, like countless teachers and university-based researchers, have been inspired by what it means to make teaching and learning relevant and responsive to the languages, literacies, and cultural practices of students across categories of difference and (in)equality. Recently, however, I have begun to question if the terms “relevant” and “responsive” are really descriptive of much of the teaching and research founded upon them and, more importantly, if they go far enough in their orientation to the languages and literacies and other cultural practices of communities marginalized by systemic inequalities to ensure the valuing and maintenance of our multiethnic and multilingual society. In this essay, I offer the term and stance of culturally sustaining pedagogy ...
1,921 citations
01 Jan 2012
985 citations
TL;DR: This issue of Transcultural Psychiatry presents papers from the McGill Advanced study Institute in Cultural Psychiatry on ‘‘Rethinking Cultural Competence from International Perspectives,’’ which was held in Montreal, April 27 and 28, 2010, and shows how conceptual analysis and critique of cultural competence can point toward ways to improve the cultural responsiveness, appropriateness and effectiveness of clinical services, and in doing so contribute to reducing health disparities.
Abstract: In recent years, cultural competence has become a popular term for a variety ofstrategies to address the challenge of cultural diversity in mental health services.This issue of Transcultural Psychiatry presents papers from the McGill AdvancedStudy Institute in Cultural Psychiatry on ‘‘Rethinking Cultural Competencefrom International Perspectives,’’ which was held in Montreal, April 27and 28, 2010. Selected papers from the meeting have been supplemented withother contributions to the journal that fit the theme. Taken together, thesepapers show how conceptual analysis and critique of cultural competence canpoint toward ways to improve the cultural responsiveness, appropriateness andeffectiveness of clinical services, and in doing so contribute to reducinghealth disparities.Cultural diversity poses challenges to mental health services for many reasons.Culture influences the experience, expression, course and outcome of mentalhealth problems, help-seeking and the response to health promotion, preventionor treatment interventions. The clinical encounter is shaped by differencesbetween patient and clinician in social position and power, which are associatedwith differences in cultural knowledge and identity, language, religion and otheraspects of cultural identity. Specific ethnocultural or racialized groups may sufferhealth disparities and social disadvantage as a result of the meanings and mater-ial consequences of their socially constructed identities. In some instances, cul-tural processes may create or constitute unique social and psychological problemsor predicaments that deserve clinical attention. In culturally diverse societies,the dominant culture, which is expressed through social institutions, includingthe health care system, regulates what sorts of problems are recognized and whatkinds of social or cultural differences are viewed as worthy of attention.A large literature shows the importance of social determinants of healthincluding social status, employment, education, wealth and social support
465 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the state of the art in research on co-production of public services and propose some directions for future research: greater methodological diversity and the need for empirical and comparative research with a specific attention for theoretical advancement.
Abstract: In this introductory article to the thematic issue, our aim is to discuss the state of the art in research on co-production of public services We define co-production, for the purpose of this article rather narrowly, as the involvement of individual citizens and groups in public service delivery We discuss the concept along three main research lines that emerge from the literature: what are the motives for co-production? How can co-production be organized effectively? What are the effects of co-production? Secondly, we also critically assess the state of the art and discuss some conceptual and methodological issues that are still open to debate Thirdly, we propose some directions for future research: greater methodological diversity and the need for empirical and comparative research with a specific attention for theoretical advancement in co-production research
363 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors share an opportunity gap explanatory framework to assist educational researchers and theorists in analyzing, explaining, and naming educational practice, especially in highly diverse and highly diverse an...
Abstract: The author shares an opportunity gap explanatory framework to assist educational researchers and theorists in analyzing, explaining, and naming educational practice, especially in highly diverse an...
311 citations
TL;DR: Birth sex and age were significant predictors of “bottom” surgery and hormone status/desire, along with several identities and orientations, in those who identify with a gender identity other than, or in addition to, that associated with their birth sex.
Abstract: Although the term transgender is increasingly used to refer to those whose gender identity or expression diverges from culturally defined categories of sex and gender, less is known about the self-...
304 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the impact of age diversity on HRM practices by examining the work values of four generational cohorts (traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y) across five countries.
Abstract: Few would disagree that human resource initiatives aimed at enhancing employees' quality of life have universal appeal, but the definition of ‘quality of life’ varies by generation. Workplaces are becoming increasingly age diverse and the likelihood that an older employee will report to a younger manager is increasing. Burke's study for the Society for Human Resource Management found that in organizations with 500 or more employees, 58% of human resource management (HRM) professionals reported conflict between younger and older workers, largely due to their different perceptions of work ethics and work–life balance requirements. While cultural and gender diversity have received significant attention in the literature, little attention has been paid to the impact of age diversity on HRM practices. This study attempts to bridge this gap by examining the work values of four generational cohorts – Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y – across five countries. Generational differences w...
300 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model to guide research and practice in creating the conditions for student success in diverse learning environments, and explore how different aspects of the institution, all of which are influenced by and contribute to the campus climate for diversity, play important roles in achieving student outcomes.
Abstract: Drawing from converging areas of scholarship in higher education on the diversity dynamics of an institution and its surrounding contexts, this chapter explores how different aspects of the institution—all of which are influenced by and contribute to the campus climate for diversity—play important roles in achieving student outcomes that also enhance social transformation for a just society. The authors present a model to guide research and practice in creating the conditions for student success in diverse learning environments.
282 citations
TL;DR: The prospect of a new racial balkanization is raised and key impediments to full incorporation of Hispanics into rural and small town community life are outlined.
Abstract: This article highlights the new racial and ethnic diversity in rural America, which may be the most important but least anticipated population shift in recent demographic history. Ethnoracial change is central to virtually every aspect of rural America over the foreseeable future: agro-food systems, community life, labor force change, economic development, schools and schooling, demographic change, intergroup relations, and politics. The goal here is to plainly illustrate how America's racial and ethnic transformation has emerged as an important dimension of ongoing U.S. urbanization and urbanism, growing cultural and economic heterogeneity, and a putative "decline in community" in rural America. Rural communities provide a natural laboratory for better understanding the implications of uneven settlement and racial diversity, acculturation, and economic and political incorporation among Hispanic newcomers. This article raises the prospect of a new racial balkanization and outlines key impediments to full incorporation of Hispanics into rural and small town community life. Immigration and the new ethnoracial diversity will be at the leading edge of major changes in rural community life as the nation moves toward becoming a majority-minority society by 2042.
262 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviewed and critically examined 178 articles whose authors have investigated numerous aspects of diversity training programs on campuses and in the workplace, and examined the characteristics of these articles. But they focused on the training programs.
Abstract: We review and critically examine 178 articles whose authors have investigated numerous aspects of diversity training programs on campuses and in the workplace. We first examine the characteristics ...
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between citizen-to-citizen discussions and online political participation considering various attributes of individuals' social networks: Modality, discussants' ties, diversity of opinions, and quality of argumentation.
Abstract: We examine the relationship between citizen-to-citizen discussions and online political participation considering various attributes of individuals’ social networks: Modality, discussants’ ties, diversity of opinions, and quality of argumentation. Using a national survey of U.S. residents we find that communication within networks is a significant predictor of web-based forms of political engagement, after controlling for offline participation, political orientations, news use, and socio-demographics. Consistent with the ‘‘strength of weak ties’’ argument, larger online networks and weak-tie discussion frequency are associated with online participation. While like-minded discussions are positively related to online participation, discussions with people who are not of like mind correlate negatively with it. Online network size and reasoning discussions were positively related to online participation, although these associations were rather weak compared to the role of other network characteristics.
16 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the Urge to Define, Sort and Categorize Diversity Advantage: The Benefits of Cross-cultural Interaction, The City Through an Intercultural Lens, A New Intercultural Citizenship, Indicators of Openness and Interculturalism.
Abstract: Introduction: Setting the Scene * The Urge to Define, Sort and Categorize * The Context of Diversity * Living Apart: Segregation * Living Together Then: A Short History of Urban Encounter * Living Together Now: Modern Zones of Encounter * Diversity Advantage: The Benefits of Cross-cultural Interaction * The City Through an Intercultural Lens * A New Intercultural Citizenship * Indicators of Openness and Interculturalism * Conclusions: The Ecology of the New Civics * Index
TL;DR: Theoretical and practical implications of the authors' findings in a workplace context that involves cross-cultural interpersonal interactions are discussed.
Abstract: Adopting a multilevel theoretical framework, the authors examined how motivational cultural intelli-gence influences individual cultural salesthe number of housing transactions occurring between peopleof different cultural origins. Data from 305 real estate agents employed at 26 real estate firms in theUnited States demonstrated that an individuals motivational cultural intelligence is positively related tohis or her cultural sales. This positive relationship is enhanced by the firms motivational culturalintelligence and diversity climate. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of theirfindings in a workplace context that involves cross-cultural interpersonal interactions.Keywords: motivational cultural intelligence, diversity climate, cultural sales, multilevelGlobalization has many effects, but one of the most important is thedramatic increase in the opportunity and need to interact with peoplewho are culturally different from ourselves. (D. C. Thomas & Inkson,2009, Preface)Diversity is not a fad. Its not an idea of the month. Its central and itslinked very directly to the business strategy. That is the case in greattimes and in more challenging times. (Eric Foss, Chairman and CEOof the Pepsi Bottling Group, 2009, as cited in Holstein, 2009, p. B2).
TL;DR: The authors examine the pervasive endorsement of racial color blindness, the belief that racial group membership should not be taken into account, or even noticed, as a strategy for managing diversity and intergroup relations.
Abstract: In this article, we examine the pervasive endorsement of racial color blindness—the belief that racial group membership should not be taken into account, or even noticed—as a strategy for managing diversity and intergroup relations. Despite research demonstrating the automatic perception of race (and thus the seeming improbability of actual color blindness), the color-blind approach to race has become increasingly prevalent in a variety of important domains, from education and business to law and societal discourse. An emerging research literature has revealed the many ways in which color blindness shapes individual, group, and institutional efforts to handle issues related to diversity. We offer an integrative assessment of this work, highlighting recent psychological investigations that have explored the emergence, practice, and implications of color blindness. We conclude by discussing alternative strategies for managing diversity and underscoring the importance of an approach that simultaneously accom...
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Surprisingly, although only 6% described themselves as conservative “overall,” there was more diversity of political opinion on economic issues and foreign policy and the more liberal respondents were, the more they said they would discriminate against openly conservative colleagues.
Abstract: A lack of political diversity in psychology is said to lead to a number of pernicious outcomes, including biased research and active discrimination against conservatives. The authors surveyed a large number (combined N = 800) of social and personality psychologists and discovered several interesting facts. First, although only 6% described themselves as conservative "overall," there was more diversity of political opinion on economic issues and foreign policy. Second, respondents significantly underestimated the proportion of conservatives among their colleagues. Third, conservatives fear negative consequences of revealing their political beliefs to their colleagues. Finally, conservatives are right to do so: In decisions ranging from paper reviews to hiring, many social and personality psychologists said that they would discriminate against openly conservative colleagues. The more liberal respondents were, the more they said they would discriminate.
TL;DR: Results indicated that Latino immigrant children in this White community held positive and important ethnic identities and perceived low overall rates of discrimination.
Abstract: This study examined ethnic identity, perceptions of discrimination, and academic attitudes and performance of primarily first- and second-generation Mexican immigrant children living in a predominantly White community (N = 204, 19 schools, mean age = 9 years). The study also examined schools’ promotion of multiculturalism and teachers’ attitudes about the value of diversity in predicting immigrant youth’s attitudes and experiences. Results indicated that Latino immigrant children in this White community held positive and important ethnic identities and perceived low overall rates of discrimination. As expected, however, school and teacher characteristics were important in predicting children’s perceptions of discrimination and ethnic identity, and moderated whether perceptions of discrimination and ethnic identity were related to attitudes about school and academic performance.
TL;DR: How social diversity, in several of its flavors, catalyzes cooperative behavior is discussed and diversity in social contexts can arise from the individual capacity for organizing their social ties.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of cultural and genetic drift where new groups endogenously emerge among peripheral populations in response to an insufficient supply of collective goods is introduced, and the authors find that the duration of human settlements since prehistoric times has a strong positive association with current levels of ethnolinguistic diversity.
Abstract: The level of ethnic diversity is believed to have significant consequences for economic and political development within countries. In this article, we provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of the determinants of ethnolinguistic diversity in the world. We introduce a model of cultural and genetic drift where new groups endogenously emerge among peripheral populations in response to an insufficient supply of collective goods. In line with our model, we find that the duration of human settlements since prehistoric times has a strong positive association with current levels of ethnolinguistic diversity. Diversity is further negatively correlated with the length of modern state experience and with distance from the equator. Our results are thus consistent with both “evolutionary” and “constructivist” hypotheses of ethnolinguistic fractionalization.
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12 Nov 2012
TL;DR: A collection of women's struggles against racism, violence, and homophobia focusing on the complex ways that gender, culture, race-ethnicity and class shape women's political consciousness in the US is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This collection demonstrates the diversity of women's struggles against problems such as racism, violence, homophobia, focusing on the complex ways that gender, culture, race-ethnicity and class shape women's political consciousness in the US.
TL;DR: The transformative paradigm as mentioned in this paper provides a philosophical framework that focuses on ethics in terms of cultural responsiveness, recognizing those dimensions of diversity that are associated with power differences, building trusting relationships, and developing mixed methods that are conducive to social change.
Abstract: Researchers committed to furthering social justice face many challenges in aligning their values with their research approaches. The transformative paradigm provides a philosophical framework that focuses on ethics in terms of cultural responsiveness, recognizing those dimensions of diversity that are associated with power differences, building trusting relationships, and developing mixed methods that are conducive to social change. Examples of transformative cyclical mixed methods designs are used to illustrate the methodological implications of this paradigm.
TL;DR: This paper surveyed a large number of social and personality psychologists and discovered several interesting facts: although only 6% described themselves as conservative overall, there was more diversity of political opinion on economic issues and foreign policy, and respondents significantly underestimated the proportion of conservatives among their colleagues.
Abstract: A lack of political diversity in psychology is said to lead to a number of pernicious outcomes, including biased research and active discrimination against conservatives. We surveyed a large number (combined N = 800) of social and personality psychologists and discovered several interesting facts. First, although only 6% described themselves as conservative “overall,” there was more diversity of political opinion on economic issues and foreign policy. Second, respondents significantly underestimated the proportion of conservatives among their colleagues. Third, conservatives fear negative consequences of revealing their political beliefs to their colleagues. Finally, they are right to do so: In decisions ranging from paper reviews to hiring, many social and personality psychologists said that they would discriminate against openly conservative colleagues. The more liberal respondents were, the more they said they would discriminate.
TL;DR: In this article, the status of the concept of hegemonic masculinity in research on men and boys in Sweden, and how it has been used and developed, is discussed, with a focus on three broad phases of men and masculinities in Sweden: the 1960s and 1970s, when the concept was important for a generation of researchers developing studies in more depth; and the 2000s with a younger generation committed to a variety of feminist and gender critiques other than those associated with hegemon masculinity.
Abstract: This article discusses the status of the concept of hegemonic masculinity in research on men and boys in Sweden, and how it has been used and developed. Sweden has a relatively long history of public debate, research, and policy intervention in gender issues and gender equality. This has meant, in sheer quantitative terms, a relatively sizeable corpus of work on men, masculinities, and gender relations. There is also a rather wide diversity of approaches, theoretically and empirically, to the analysis of men and masculinities. The Swedish national context and gender equality project is outlined. This is followed by discussion of three broad phases in studies on men and masculinities in Sweden: the 1960s and 1970s before the formulation of the concept of hegemonic masculinity; the 1980s and 1990s when the concept was important for a generation of researchers developing studies in more depth; and the 2000s with a younger generation committed to a variety of feminist and gender critiques other than those associated with hegemonic masculinity. The following sections focus specifically on how the concept of hegemonic masculinity has been used, adapted, and indeed not used, in particular areas of study: boys and young men in family and education; violence; and health. The article concludes with review of how hegemonic masculinity has been used in Swedish contexts, as: gender stereotype, often out of the context of legitimation of patriarchal relations; "Other" than dominant, white middle-class "Swedish," equated with outmoded, nonmodern, working-class, failing boy, or minority ethnic masculinities; a new masculinity concept and practice, incorporating some degree of gender equality; and reconceptualized and problematized as a modern, heteronormative, and subject-centered concept.
TL;DR: A review of archaeological research on the interactions between food and intrasocietal diversity can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss the importance of food as biologically necessary and cognitively prominent material culture in constructing and negotiating social distinctions.
Abstract: This article reviews current archaeological research on the interactions between food and intrasocietal diversity. Today’s archaeology of food and diversity is theoretically diverse but generally views food as biologically necessary and cognitively prominent material culture that plays an active role in constructing and negotiating social distinctions. Areal foci in the literature include Europe, Southwest Asia, Mesoamerica, the U.S. Southwest, and the Andes; thematic emphases include economic, status, ethnic, gender, and religious distinctions. Methodological issues that must be considered when assessing the social implications of food remains include not only the contexts and characters of specific samples but also the integration of multiple data sets that may all differ with respect to their taphonomic histories and the aspects of food behavior they reflect.
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17 Sep 2012TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss trust, diversity, and segregation in a segregated society, including the United States, Canada, Sweden, Australia, and New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
Abstract: Preface 1. Trust, diversity, and segregation 2. Contact, diversity, and segregation 3. Building trust in a segregated society: the United States 4. Canada: trust, integration, and the search for identity 5. The United Kingdom: sleepwalking or wide awake? 6. Sweden and Australia: newer immigrants, trust, and multiculturalism 7. Altruism and segregation 8. Where you sit depends on where you stand 9. The farmer's daughter and intergroup contact.
TL;DR: This article analyzed data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education to estimate the unique effects of exposure to classroom diversity and involvement in interactional diversity on growth in critical thinking skills during the fi rst year of college.
Abstract: This study analyzed data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education to estimate the unique effects of exposure to classroom diversity and involvement in interactional diversity on growth in critical thinking skills during the fi rst year of college. Net of important confounding infl uences, neither classroom nor interactional diversity had signifi cant general effects on critical thinking. However, interactional diversity did positively infl uence critical thinking skills for White students and for students who were the least well prepared academically for college.
TL;DR: It is shown that the hiring and retention of women in academia have been affected by both demographic inertia and gender differences, but that the relative influence of gender differences appears to be dwindling for most disciplines and career transitions.
Abstract: Identification of the causes underlying the under-representation of women and minorities in academia is a source of ongoing concern and controversy. This is a critical issue in ensuring the openness and diversity of academia; yet differences in personal experiences and interpretations have mired it in controversy. We construct a simple model of the academic career that can be used to identify general trends, and separate the demographic effects of historical differences from ongoing biological or cultural gender differences. We apply the model to data on academics collected by the National Science Foundation (USA) over the past three decades, across all of science and engineering, and within six disciplines (agricultural and biological sciences, engineering, mathematics and computer sciences, physical sciences, psychology, and social sciences). We show that the hiring and retention of women in academia have been affected by both demographic inertia and gender differences, but that the relative influence of gender differences appears to be dwindling for most disciplines and career transitions. Our model enables us to identify the two key non-structural bottlenecks restricting female participation in academia: choice of undergraduate major and application to faculty positions. These transitions are those in greatest need of detailed study and policy development.
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education as discussed by the authors is a reference for diversity issues in education in the around the world, focusing on race, class, gender, religion, language, exceptionality and the global dimensions of diversity.
Abstract: With 695 signed entries with cross-references and recommended readings, the Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education, Four-Volume Set, in both print and electronic formats, presents research and statistics, case studies and best practices, policies and programs at pre- and post-secondary levels. Diversity is a worldwide phenomenon, and while most of the entries in the Encyclopedia will focus on the United States, diversity issues and developments in nations around the world, including the United States, are intricately connected. Consequently, to illuminate the many aspects of diversity, this volume will contain entries from different nations in the world in order to illuminate the myriad aspects of diversity. From A-to-Z, this Encyclopedia will cover the full spectrum of diversity issues, including race, class, gender, religion, language, exceptionality and the global dimensions of diversity as they relate to education. There will also be an appendix consisting of a chronology of significant events related to diversity. This four-volume reference work is the definitive reference for diversity issues in education in the around the world. Key Themes Concepts, Theories and Definitions of Diversity Demographics and the Changing American Landscape Racial and Ethnic Diversity Gender and Sexual Orientation Socioeconomic Status Language, Culture and Linguistic Diversity Exceptionality Religion in Society and Schools Immigration, Migration and National Identity Standardized Testing and Culturally Responsive Assessment Alternative Educational Models Curriculum Issues and Pedagogies of Diversity Faculty, Teacher and Administrator Training Diversity in Primary and Secondary Education Diversity in Post-Secondary Education Affirmative Action Merit-Based Admission, Equity and Opportunity Law, Politics and Public Policy School, Family and Community Issues
TL;DR: A conceptual model of autonomy in AL is presented based on over a decade of research conducted in diverse facility settings and provides an important conceptual lens for understanding the dynamic linkages between varieties of factors at multiple levels of social structure that shape residents' ability to maintain a sense of autonomyIn this often socially challenging care environment.