Showing papers on "Erbium published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this paper, normal spectral emittance data are reported for solid specimens of the oxides of erbium, samarium, neodymium, and ytterbium.
Abstract: Normal spectral emittance data are reported for solid specimens of the oxides of erbium, samarium, neodymium, and ytterbium. The spectral emittance has been characterized over the spectral range of 0.5-5.0 μ and at sample temperatures from 1540 up to 1870 K.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this article, surface features of implanted erbium-deuteride and aged erbiam-tritide films are compared and compared and are found to bear a strong resemblance to each other.
50 citations
TL;DR: Bismuth germanate single crystals doped with neodymium or erbium with and without ytterbium, have been grown by the Czochralski method as discussed by the authors.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the absorption and emission spectra of YAlO3:Er3+ were recorded photographically in the spectral region 12 000 −40 000 cm−1.
Abstract: The absorption and emission spectra of YAlO3:Er3+ were recorded photographically in the spectral region 12 000–40 000 cm−1. Catalogs of the absorption and emission lines are presented; line strength data are given for the absorption lines. From these spectra, 104 energy levels of YAlO3:Er3+ from 0 to 40 000 cm−1 were deduced and are presented. These comprise the crystal field components of 22 of the 24 Er3+ free ion levels occurring below 40 000 cm−1. A free ion calculation was carried out. The free ion parameters that minimize the rms deviation between calculated and observed centers of gravity are E1=6786.3, E2=32.415, E3=643.27, ζ=2380.7, α =21.721, β =−683.43, and γ=389.03 cm−1. Reasons for the absence of the 2P1/2 and 4G5/2 lines from the absorption data are discussed.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high energy electron diffraction studies of thin films of erbium formed by vapour deposition on carbon or on rock-salt-coated glass were conducted.
Abstract: High energy electron diffraction studies of thin films of erbium formed by vapour deposition on carbon or on rock-salt-coated glass show that the erbium has a face-centred-cubic structure with lattice parameter a 0 = 5.09 ± 0.05 A . Thicker films contain both the face-centred-cubic structure and also the normal hexagonal-close-packed structure of erbium in bulk. The thickest films studied had the normal bulk crystal structure. When the intensity of the electron beam was increased to its maximum value, the films oxidised to Er2O3. Such an intense beam caused rapid growth of the oxide crystals until holes appeared and the film eventually ruptured. Er2O3 was also observed when erbium was deposited on a substrate in a vacuum which had not been reduced by prior gettering with erbium vapour.
30 citations
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the electronic levels of erbium oxide were observed to shift and split with the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering at 3.4K and the splitting of levels in external and internal fields indicates that Er3+-Er3+ exchange interactions are important.
Abstract: For pt. I see abstr. A40637 of 1972. Electronic excitations of Er3+ ions in erbium oxide have been observed by far infrared and optical spectroscopy. Far infrared absorptions due to ions on the two inequivalent crystallographic sites have been identified by their temperature and magnetic field dependence. C3i site parameters were deduced on the basis of this work and the published Raman spectra. These results are compared with a simultaneous fit to the low lying levels of both sites using a superposition crystal field model. The electronic levels were observed to shift and split with the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering at 3.4K. Comparison of the splitting of levels in external and internal fields indicates that Er3+-Er3+ exchange interactions are important.
20 citations
Patent•
31 Jan 1972TL;DR: OXYFLUORIDES of LANTHANUM, GADOLINIUM, YTTRIUM and LUTETIUM, ACTIVATED with ERBIUM, and CONTAINing YTTERBIUM as a SENSITIZER can be EFFICIENTly EXCITED to RED LUMINESCENCE by InFRARED RADIATION, and can be USED in CERTAIN LIGHT-PRODUCING APPLICATIONS as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: OXYFLUORIDES OF LANTHANUM, GADOLINIUM, YTTRIUM AND LUTETIUM, ACTIVATED WITH ERBIUM, AND CONTAINING YTTERBIUM AS A SENSITIZER CAN BE EFFICIENTLY EXCITED TO RED LUMINESCENCE BY INFRARED RADIATION, AND CAN BE USED IN CERTAIN LIGHT-PRODUCING APPLICATIONS AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE OXYFLUORIDES CAN BE REPRESENTED BY THE FOLLOWING GENERAL FORMULA: (LN1-Y-ZYBYERZ)OX/2F3-X WHEREIN LN IS AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LANTHANUM, GADOLINIUM, YTTRIUM AND LUTETITUM, AND WHEREIN X, Y AND Z ARE 0.4$X$1.3, 0.06$Y $0.35 AND 0.008$Z$0.10, RESPECTIVELY.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electronic levels of erbium oxide were observed to shift and split with the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering at 3.4K and the splitting of levels in external and internal fields indicates that Er3+-Er3+ exchange interactions are important.
Abstract: For pt. I see abstr. A40637 of 1972. Electronic excitations of Er3+ ions in erbium oxide have been observed by far infrared and optical spectroscopy. Far infrared absorptions due to ions on the two inequivalent crystallographic sites have been identified by their temperature and magnetic field dependence. C3i site parameters were deduced on the basis of this work and the published Raman spectra. These results are compared with a simultaneous fit to the low lying levels of both sites using a superposition crystal field model. The electronic levels were observed to shift and split with the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering at 3.4K. Comparison of the splitting of levels in external and internal fields indicates that Er3+-Er3+ exchange interactions are important.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum sorption capacities of titanium and erbium films for oxygen and hydrogen at 295 K were measured in a UHV adsorption vessel, and the amount of gas taken up by each film was related to the number of metal atoms comprising it, and to its real surface area.
Abstract: The maximum sorption capacities of titanium and erbium films for oxygen and hydrogen at 295 K were measured in a UHV adsorption vessel. The amount of gas taken up by each film was related to the number of metal atoms comprising it, and to its real surface area. Another apparatus, with a mass spectrometer, was used to study the gettering action of these films in a residual gas atmosphere. Er films showed an exceptionally high sorption activity for hydrogen both when this gas was by itself and when it was part of a residual gas mixture. In UHV applications this behaviour of erbium films would make them superior getters to similar films of titanium.
16 citations
TL;DR: Secondary electron emission under deuteron bombardment at normal incidence over the energy range 50-170 keV was measured for scandium and erbium metals and their deuterides as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Secondary electron emission under deuteron bombardment at normal incidence over the energy range 50–170 keV was measured for scandium and erbium metals and their deuterides. Electron yields reported for the metals were taken from surfaces shown by in situ Auger spectroscopy to have a minimum amount of contamination. The secondary ratio at 100 keV was measured to be 1.30±0.05 for scandium and 1.43±0.05 for erbium. Emission coefficients for the deuterides were measured after a moderate vacuum bakeout and are significantly higher than for the metals.
14 citations
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the width and energy of the occupied and unoccupied 5d-bands have been determined as well as the energy relative to the Fermi level of the bottom of the valence band.
Abstract: Photoemission measurements have been made on samarium and erbium in the photon energy range 4 to 21 eV. The photoelectron energy distributions are dominated by electron emission from valence band states whereas emission from 4f-states is unimportant. The width and energy of the occupied and unoccupied 5d-bands has been determined as well as the energy relative to the Fermi level of the bottom of the valence band. A model for the unscattered yield is presented allowing a determination of the hot electron scattering length for some rare-earths using available optical and photoemission data.
Patent•
28 Apr 1972
TL;DR: A FLUORESCENT COMPOUND as mentioned in this paper includes IONS of CalCIUM, ERBIUM, and Fluidine, and it has the CHEMICAL FORMULA CA2SR5F19.
Abstract: A FLUORESCENT COMPOUND INCLUDES IONS OF CALCIUM, ERBIUM, AND FLUORINE. THE ERBIUM AND CALCIUM IONS ARE PRESENT IN THIS COMPOUND IN THE EXACT RATIO OF 5:2. THIS NEW COMPOUND HAS THE CHEMICAL FORMULA CA2SR5F19. IT SERVES AS A LASER MATERIAL WHEN ACTIVATED WITH HOLMIUM IONS SUBSTIUTING FOR ERBIUM IONS AND ADDITIONALLY SENSITIZED WITH THULIUM IONS FOR ERBIUM IONS. THE COMPOUND MAY ALSO BE FURTHER SENSITIZED WITH YTTERBIUM IONS SUBSTITUTING FOR ERBIUM IONS, IF DESIRED. HOLMIUM, THULIUM, AND YTTERBIUM CONCENTRATIONS RANGE RESPECTIVELY FROM 1-10 PERCENT, 1-10 PERCENT AND 0-10 PERCENT OF THE ERBIUM IONS IN THE CA2ER5F19 COMPOUND. EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT SENSITIZATION OF FLUORESCENCE OCCURS THROUGH AN INTERACTION AMONG TWO OR MORE OF THE RARE EARTH IONS.
Patent•
23 Jun 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimized erbium glass laser device for utilization in the range from 50 to 100 millijoules (mJ) output power is defined, which includes a concentration of Er2O3 in the core of a clad glass laser rod.
Abstract: An optimized erbium glass laser device for utilization in the range from 50 to 100 millijoules (mJ) output power is defined. This device includes a concentration of Er2O3 in the core of a clad glass laser rod in the range of about 0.20-0.25 weight percent in combination with a Yb2O3 concentration of approximately 15 weight percent in a silicate base glass. The optimal cladding glass composition contains approximately 4-5 weight percent each of Nd2O3 and Yb2O3.
TL;DR: Preliminary results of a microscopic calculation of 2+ isomer shifts are discussed briefly in this article, where the authors show that the 2+ shift can be represented as a 2-isomer shift.
Abstract: Preliminary results of a microscopic calculation of 2+ isomer shifts are discussed briefly.
01 Jun 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, Yttrium orthoaluminate (YA1O3) doped with rare earth ions is investigated for use as an optically-pumped laser material.
Abstract: : Yttrium orthoaluminate (YA1O3) doped with rare earth ions is investigated for use as an optically-pumped laser material. Two laser ions are studied in detail: neodymium (Nd3+) and holmium (Ho3+) sensitized with erbium and thulium. Measurements of optical absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence kinetics, and stimulated emission corss section are reported. Nd:YA1O3 laser rods are oriented along the three principal crystallographic directions were tested in long-pulse, Q-switched, and CW operation. The laser outputs and efficiencies of Nd:YA1O3 are compared with those obtained from Nd:YAG in the same operating configuration. Ho:YA1O3 laser action is investigated at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Long-pulse and Q-switched laser performance is reported for three different rod orientations. To provide information for predicting laser action and performance of other rare-earth ions in YA1O3, experiments and calculations of radiative transitions probabilities and of nonradiative decay by multiphonon emissions are presented. (Author)
01 Jan 1972