Showing papers on "Forward osmosis published in 2014"
TL;DR: This review attempts to define the steps still required for FO to reach full-scale potential in wastewater treatment and water reclamation by discussing current novelties, bottlenecks and future perspectives of FO technology in the wastewater sector.
658 citations
TL;DR: A survey of polymers considered for such applications is provided in this paper, where a solution diffusion model is used as a framework for discussing structure/property relations in polymers related to water and salt transport properties.
573 citations
TL;DR: In this article, polysulfone (PSf)-titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite substrates were prepared by incorporating different amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles (ranging from zero to 1.5%) into PSf matrix.
395 citations
TL;DR: A recent review as mentioned in this paper focuses on the successful development and demonstration of forward osmosis membrane treatment systems, supported by a review of bench-scale, pilot, and demonstration studies on treatment of O&G waste streams, landfill leachates, centrate from anaerobic digesters, activated sludge in membrane bioreactors, and liquid foods and beverages.
349 citations
TL;DR: The features of hybrid FO systems are highlighted and the state-of-the-art applications in the water industry in a novel classification and based on the latest developments toward scaling up these systems are provided.
317 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel type of water purification membrane was fabricated by layer-by-layer assembling negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on a porous poly(acrylonitrile) support and interconnecting them with positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) via electrostatic interaction.
289 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the different fabrication techniques of polyelectrolyte multilayers can be found in this paper, where the formation mechanism and the parameters that can be varied to tune the properties of the membranes are discussed.
286 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review mechanisms and models of solute transport relevant to nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and forward Osmosis(FO) membrane separation processes.
262 citations
TL;DR: Oily wastewater with relatively high salinity could be effectively recovered by the FO-MD hybrid system while maintaining large water flux, at least 90% feed water recovery could be readily attained with only trace amounts of oil and salts, and the draw solution was re-generated for the next rounds of FO- MD run.
253 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane was prepared by incorporating different loadings of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles into the polysulfone (PSf) substrate in order to reduce ICP.
249 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of treatment technologies for treating RO concentrate from municipal and industrial sites to enhance the overall feed water recovery is presented in this article, where the authors classified the treatment technologies as membrane-based, thermal-based or emerging technologies.
TL;DR: In this article, a forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) hybrid process was used to extract phosphorus and clean water from digested sludge centrate.
Abstract: We demonstrate the simultaneous extraction of phosphorus and clean water from digested sludge centrate using a forward osmosis (FO)–membrane distillation (MD) hybrid process. In this FO–MD hybrid process, FO concentrates orthophosphate and ammonium for subsequent phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), while MD is used to recover the draw solution and extract clean water from the digested sludge centrate. A decline in water flux was observed during the FO process, but fouling was largely reversible after a brief, simple membrane flushing using deionized water. The FO process also provides an effective pretreatment capacity to the subsequent MD process, which exhibited stable water flux. The use of MgCl2 as the draw solute for the FO process is another novel aspect of the system. The reverse salt flux of magnesium to the concentrated digested sludge across the FO membrane and the diffusion of protons away from the digested sludge create favorable conditions for the formation of struvit...
TL;DR: The FO-AnMBR process exhibited greater than 96% removal of organic carbon, nearly 100% of total phosphorus and 62% of ammonia-nitrogen, respectively, suggesting a better removal efficiency than the conventional anaerobic membrane bioreactor.
TL;DR: In this article, a new thin film composite (TFC) membrane was made on a 40-inch line from Hydration Technology Innovations (HTI), which exhibited high water permeance and good mechanical strength.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the theoretical and actual energy requirements of forward and reverse osmosis seawater desalination is presented. And it is shown that reverse oasmosis is significantly more energy efficient and that forward osmoses research efforts would best be fully oriented towards alternate applications.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel forward osmosis (FO) process for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater was demonstrated for the first time, which consists of a thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane made from interfacial polymerization on a macro void-free polyimide support and a novel bulky hydroacid complex Na 4 [Co(C 6 H 4 O 7 ) 2 ]·2H 2 O (Na-Co-CA) as the draw solute to minimize the reverse solute flux.
TL;DR: To meet surging water demands, water reuse is being sought as an alternative to traditional water resources, however, contamination of water resources by trace organic compounds (TOrCs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, disinfection byproducts, and industrial chemicals is of increasing concern.
Abstract: To meet surging water demands, water reuse is being sought as an alternative to traditional water resources. However, contamination of water resources by trace organic compounds (TOrCs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, disinfection byproducts, and industrial chemicals is of increasing concern. These compounds are not readily removed by conventional water treatment processes and require new treatment technologies to enable potable water reuse. Forward osmosis (FO) has been recognized in recent years as a robust process suitable for the treatment of highly impaired streams and a good barrier to TOrCs. To date, at least 14 studies have been published that investigated the rejection of various TOrCs by FO membranes under a variety of experimental conditions. In this paper, TOrC rejection by FO has been critically reviewed, evaluating the effects of membrane characteristics and orientation, experimental scale and duration, membrane fouling, feed solution chemistry, draw solution composition ...
TL;DR: In this article, a polyamide nano-composite membrane containing silica nanoparticles (TFN) was synthesized via in situ interfacial polymerization for the forward osmosis (FO) application.
TL;DR: In this article, a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was developed for improved fouling resistance, and the results showed that the interaction energy between a carboxylated colloidal probe and the PEG-based membrane is significantly weakened as compared to the control polyamide surface.
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of current knowledge of draw solutes in terms of recovery from water is provided in this paper, where a variety of existing recovery methods developed so far to overcome the recovery barriers, including thermal separation, membrane separation, precipitation, stimuli response, combined processes, and direct use without recovery are presented.
Abstract: Recently, there has been an increasing use of forward osmosis (FO) technique for energy-efficient water treatment, leading to significant public concerns. One key know-how to make FO practical is developing an ideal draw solute characterized by high water flux, low reverse solute flux, and easy recovery. The recovery of draw solutes takes a significant energy cost in FO technology implementation. To this end, it is necessary to enhance the understanding of how different kinds of draw solutes are regenerated during the dewatering process. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge of draw solutes in terms of recovery from water. A variety of existing recovery methods developed so far to overcome the recovery barriers, including thermal separation, membrane separation, precipitation, stimuli–response, combined processes, and direct use without recovery are presented. Discussions on the advantages and limits of the existing recovery methods are made based on acquired knowledge from the literature. Future directions for the effective and energy-efficient recovery of draw solutes are also provided. Information summarized in the paper further highlights the potential applications of the FO process.
TL;DR: A new type of biocompatible draw solute, Na(+)-functionalized carbon quantum dots (Na_CQDs) with ultra-small size and rich ionic species, in forward osmosis (FO) is developed for seawater desalination.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the propensity and reversibility of combined organic-colloidal fouling in forward osmosis (FO) under various solution chemistries (pH and calcium ion concentrations) and applied hydraulic pressure on the feed side.
TL;DR: Compared to other urine treatment options, the current process was cost-effective and environmentally friendly for nutrient recovery from urban wastewater at source, yet a comprehensive life-cycle impact assessment might be needed to evaluate and optimize the overall system performance at pilot and full scale operation.
Abstract: Separating urine from domestic wastewater promotes a more sustainable municipal wastewater treatment system. This study investigated the feasibility of applying a forward osmosis (FO) dewatering process for nutrient recovery from source-separated urine under different conditions, using seawater or desalination brine as a low-cost draw solution. The filtration process with the active layer facing feed solution exhibited relatively high water fluxes up to 20 L/m2-h. The process also revealed relatively low rejection to neutral organic nitrogen (urea-N) in fresh urine but improved rejection of ammonium (50–80%) in hydrolyzed urine and high rejection (>90%) of phosphate, potassium in most cases. Compared to simulation based on the solution–diffusion mechanism, higher water flux and solute flux were obtained using fresh or hydrolyzed urine as the feed, which was attributed to the intensive forward nutrient permeation (i.e., of urea, ammonium, and potassium). Membrane fouling could be avoided by prior removal o...
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid forward osmosis-nanofiltration (FO/NF) process was designed for dewatering high nutrient containing sludge and recovering draw solution with minimum energy as well as low fouling.
TL;DR: In this article, a thermoresponsive copolymer, poly(sodium styrene-4-sulfonate-co- n -isopropylacrylamide) (PSSSS-PNIPAM), is employed as a draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) for seawater desalination.
TL;DR: In this paper, an emerging TFC supporting material, electrospun nanofibers, were used to fabricate a TFC-EO membrane where the support structure and the selective layer properties were individually optimized.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison between the RO and FO-RO processes was carried out and the results showed that the RO was lower than FO and the difference in total power consumption was insignificant.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effectiveness of forward osmosis (FO) processes to treat the stable oil-water emulsions, and the dependence of separation performance on oily feed concentration and flow rate has been investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, a nanofiber thin film composite (NTFC) membrane was synthesized for forward osmosis (FO) applications, which exhibited a 7-8 times improved FO water flux as compared to a commercially available FO membrane.
TL;DR: Overall, the UFO-MBR can operate sustainably and has the potential to be utilized for direct potable reuse applications.
Abstract: A hybrid ultrafiltration-osmotic membrane bioreactor (UFO-MBR) was investigated for over 35 days for nutrient and trace organic chemical (TOrC) removal from municipal wastewater. The UFO-MBR system uses both ultrafiltration (UF) and forward osmosis (FO) membranes in parallel to simultaneously extract clean water from an activated sludge reactor for nonpotable (or environmental discharge) and potable reuse, respectively. In the FO stream, water is drawn by osmosis from activated sludge through an FO membrane into a draw solution (DS), which becomes diluted during the process. A reverse osmosis (RO) system is then used to reconcentrate the diluted DS and produce clean water suitable for direct potable reuse. The UF membrane extracts water, dissolved salts, and some nutrients from the system to prevent their accumulation in the activated sludge of the osmotic MBR. The UF permeate can be used for nonpotable reuse purposes (e.g., irrigation and toilet flushing). Results from UFO-MBR investigation illustrated t...