Showing papers on "Gelatin published in 1976"

Hologram formation with red light in methylene blue sensitized dichromated gelatin.

Abstract: The spectral sensitization of hardened dichromated gelatin to red light is carried out using methylene blue as sensitizer. The sensitized dichromated gelatin plate can be stored for over 1 month in an ammonia atmosphere without loss of photosensitivity. Holograms recorded in the sensitized dichromated gelatin using a He–Ne laser have high diffraction efficiency and low noise if they are swelled at a temperature near the gelatin gel melting point during development processing. Maximum diffraction efficiency has been found to be as high as 88%. The energy required to obtain 80% diffraction efficiency is 150–400 mJ/cm2.

Reconstitution of collagen-fold structure with stretching of gelatin film

Abstract: The gelatin film is stretched more 100% over 75% relative humidity, while the dried gelatin extended only several percent. In this experiment the gelatin film was stretched in a solution of water and ethanol. The sample was extended to 650% of its initial length when ethanol/water was 1.5(w/w) at 30°C. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction photographs of drawn samples showed the three important layer lines with approximate spacing of 10 A, 4 A, and 3 A, which verify the reconstitution of collagen triple helical structure. The sharp spots appeared near 10 A on the equatirial axis, indicating the high orientation of peptide chains. These patterns become sharp and clear on increasing the extension ratio. The content of the triple helix was investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The maximum renaturation percentage is 25% at the draw ratio of 7.5. Since the formation of a collagen triple helix requires three chains, in which each chain has only three repeatin amino acids, (Gly-Pro-X)n, and glycoprotein and other impurities interrupt helix formation, the more advanced renaturation will not be expected.

Method of producing microcapsules

Abstract: Microcapsules are produced by dispersing and emulsifying hydrophobic material such as water insoluble material, color forming material, color forming assistant, oil and mixture of oil and various medicines dissolved therein in gelatin aqueous solution so as to produce minute particles, adding coacervate forming agent composed of phytic acid and/or its salt to the above system to form gelatin and coacervate on the surface of minute cores of the hydrophobic material thereby forming coating film thereon into capsule form.

Komplexe Gele von Eiweißen und sauren Polysacchariden

Abstract: The authors studied the thermomechanical properties of complex gels of gelatin and sodium alginate which had been produced on the basis of their insoluble (type I) and soluble (type II) complexes. Compared to gelatin gels of the same concentration, the complex gels I have higher melting points. The latter depend on the pH value at which the insoluble complexes of gelatin and sodium alginate were separated. Up to temperatures from 70 degrees--80 degrees C., no melting of the complex gels II was observed. The aging time and the composition of the soluble complexes of gelatin and sodium alginate exert no marked effects on the properties of the complex gels II. The soluble complexes of gelatin and sodium alginate can form gels in 7 M urea solutions.

Gelatin-based compositions and a method for the generation of stabilized foams therefrom

Abstract: A method for the generation of gelatin-based stabilized foams by passing a stream of air or other gas through a composition of the gelatin, an anionic surface-active agent and a water soluble ferrous salt. The resulting foams have a relatively long life term.

Process of hardening protein-containing photographic layers with a mixture of a carboxyl group-activating, low molecular weight compound and a carboxyl group-activating polymer

Abstract: A process is described for the hardening of a protein-aceous layer or layers, more especially of gelatin layers, eg gelatin layers in a photographic material, by the application on this layer or layers of a coating composition comprising a low molecular weight, fast-acting, carboxyl group-activating hardening agent in combination with a film-forming, hydrophilic, polymeric, fast-acting hardening agent carrying one or more carboxyl group-activating substituents

Gel strength enhancer for gelatin compositions including an oxidized polysaccharide

Abstract: Chemically modified dialdehyde polysaccharides are used as gel strength enhancers for gelatin compositions. These modified polysaccharides are particularly useful as gel strength enhancers for gelatin compositions which have been extended with starch or dextrin.

Comparison of a microcrystalline collagen preparation and gelatin foam in extraction wounds.

Abstract: A microcrystalline collagen preparation and a gelatin foam were compared relative to their effects on hemostasis and healing in molar extraction sockets in cats. The agents were essentially equivalent in both hemostasis and the inflammatory response that accompanied healing. Healing was slightly retarded in comparison to that seen in untreated control sockets in a previous study. It appears likely that the inflammatory response was caused by oral contamination, which is unavoidable in this type of procedure, rather than by the agents themselves.

Diffusion of bone morphogenetic activity from the residue of collagenase digested bone matrix gelatin through interstitial fluid.

Abstract: Bone morphogenetic activity is transmitted from the residue of a collagenase digest of bone matrix gelatin not only across cellulose acetate membranes but also through an interstitial fluid filled duplex diffusion chamber (a distance 300 + 2,000 mum). Collagenolysis enhances dissociation of the bone morphogenetic property of bone matrix and dissemination among mesenchymal cells proliferating in the host bed surrounding the diffusion chamber. The bone morphogenetic response is associated with secretion of interstitial fluid, enzymes, and fibrin as well as formation of new collagen fibrils beaded with coarse ruthenium red granules in the pores of the cellulose acetate membrane. Membranes with pore sizes too small to accommodate either new collagen fibrils or mesenchymal cell microvilli do not transmit the morphogenetic response.

Influence of salts and gelatin on disintegration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by freeze-pressing

Abstract: The disintegration by freeze-pressing of a low concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae suspended in aqueous solutions of gelatin and different salts has been studied at different temperatures. In the freeze-pressing process deionized water and salt solutions flow in pulses, whereas samples with increasing concentrations of gelatin or cells tend to flow more smoothly. This smooth flow enhances the disruption efficiency particularly at lower temperatures, which seems to be of great practical importance. The addition of salts also promotes disintegration. The presence of both gelatin and salts works antagonistically on disintegration presumably because of different modes of action at disruption of cells.

Large, nonplanar poly(methyl methacrylate) pre-holographic element

Abstract: A method for manufacturing large, nonplanar, transparent, gelatin-coated ymer sheets is disclosed. These sheets when sensitized, exposed, and developed can record and display holograms. A poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet is coated with nitrocellulose, the nitrocellulose is denitrated, and a gelatin solution is applied, then hardened. The sheet with its gelatin film is then thermally formed to any desired three-dimensional configuration.

Silver halide photosensitive material for color photography

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a silver halide photosensitive material for color photography, in which there is incorporated gelatin hardened by a combination of two specific kinds of compounds to strengthen the gelatin film so as to be resistant to a high temperature, rapid treatment and eliminate degradation in photogrpahic performance accompanied with so called post-hardened film.

Increasing solubility of pharmaceutical used e.g. in gelatin capsules - by dissolving in fatty acid mono:glyceride cpds. and then rapidly cooling

Abstract: The solubility and degree of dispersion of pharmaceuticals (I), for use, e.g., in gelatin capsules, are increased by prepg. a dispersion from (I) and monoglycerides of 12-18C fatty acids (II). (II) is pref. a monoglyceride of oleic, palmitic, or stearic acid or a mixt. of these. The dispersion is pref. prepd. by dissolving the components at high temp. and rapid cooling. The process gives greater dosage accuracy and improved absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. In an example, 100 mg. benzbromarone were dissolved in 1 g. oleic acid monoglyceride with heating and then rapidly cooled.

Silver halide photosensitive material

Abstract: PURPOSE:This photosensitive material uses isobutylene-maleic acid copolymers with special compositions, improving the intersolubility between gelatin as a bonding agent and non-ionic water soluble high polymers.

Gelatin hardening agents

Abstract: Gelatin hardening agents represented by the following formulae (I) or (II): a.sub.1 --b.sub.1 --r.sub.1 --b.sub.2).sub.n A.sub.2 (I) (a.sub.1 --b.sub.1).sub.3 r.sub.2 (ii) wherein A 1 and A 2 each represents an azole group which is linked to B 1 or B 2 by a nitrogen atom, wherein the azole group is a 5-membered ring having 2 or more nitrogen atoms which has a conjugated system and which may include a condensed ring, B 1 and B 2 each represents ##STR1## R 1 represents a divalent group, R 2 represents a trivalent group, and n represents 0 or 1.

Compositions containing dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate

Abstract: Compositions comprising dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate in a mixture of non-aqueous, i.e. oil, solvents are disclosed as being resistant to crystallization at low temperatures. Dosage units comprising gelatin capsules containing said compositions are also disclosed. The compositions of this invention are useful as fecal softeners.

Formaldehyde treated gelatin as a gel exclusion agent.

Abstract: A high molecular weight fraction of gelatin precipitated from a solution of Difco gelatin with polyethylene glycol has several favourable properties in gel exclusion chromatography. To manufacture the gel exclusion agent, the gelatin was dissolved in hot water, allowed to set in the cold and rendered insoluble by reaction with formaldehyde. When finely disrupted and used as bed material in columns this gel is capable of separating protein components from mixtures of proteins of widely different molecular weights. Favourable properties include elasticity at relatively low concentration, its availability and its inexpensive nature.

Increasing solubility of pharmaceuticals for use in gelatin capsules - by dissolving in fatty acid mono:glyceride and opt. di:glyceride cpds.

Abstract: The solubility of pharmaceuticals for application in gelatin capsules is increased by dissolving them in monoglycerides- and opt. diglycerides of 8-12C fatty acids. The process increases the reabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract and gives greater dosage accuracy. In an example, 1 ml. of fatty acid glyceride mixt. was used to dissolve (a) 5 mg. g-strophanthin; (b) 100 mg. benzanone; (c) 5 mg. digoxin.

Controlled release gelatin capsules - in which the gelatin shell is insolubilized with a crosslinking agent

Abstract: New capsules provide for the controlled release through the capsule walls of therapeutic agents they contain The capsule walls contain crosslinked gelatin which is insoluble in basic and acidic body fluids The gelatin may be hard or soft the gelatin The new capsules can be produced by existing encapsulation technology with very little modification The sustained release characteristics of the capsules are independent of the pH of the surrounding body-fluid, so that therapeutic agent continues to be released in a controlled manner throughout the passage of the capsule through the gastro-intestinal tract In an example, commercial hard-shell gelatin capsules are insolubilised by treating with a 1% solution of glutaraldehyde in 005-M phosphate buffer pH 7 After washing and drying, the capsules are filled with 37 mg amitriptyline hydrochloride, then the two capsule halves are sealed together with an epoxy resin The rate of release of active substance from the capsule in water is 35 mg/hr on average