Showing papers on "Globalization published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this article, a U-shaped quadratic relationship between environmental pollution and income level has been determined for both CO2 emissions and ecological footprint, and the results also suggest that globalization, trade openness, and income drive environmental pollution while increasing human capital reduces the ecological footprint.
340 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the nexus between financial development, economic growth, energy innovation, and environmental pollution for the period of 1990-2017 for the panel of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.
Abstract: In the modern era of the wave of globalization, financial development is leading toward a higher rate of economic expansion and promoting energy innovation around the globe. Nevertheless, environmental impact of financial development has preoccupied government officials to circumvent adverse impact on environmental quality. Thus, this paper examines the nexus between financial development, economic growth, energy innovation, and environmental pollution for the period of 1990–2017 for the panel of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. To obtain robust and unbiased results, this study utilizes Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG/ARDL) estimator that counters the issue of heterogeneity and cross‐sectional dependence. Empirical evidence suggests that financial development promotes energy innovation and improves environmental quality. Globalization also has a long‐term relationship with energy innovation and reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, findings validate the environmental Kuznets curve for OECD countries in the significance of financial development, globalization, and energy innovation.
279 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Fourier cointegration and causality tests were performed to analyze the effect of renewable energy generation, globalization, and agricultural activities on ecological footprint and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in BRIC countries for the period 1971-2016.
220 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the dynamic effects of globalization, renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth on carbon-dioxide emission levels in Argentina over the 1970-2018 period.
219 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of technological innovation and fiscal decentralization on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the presence of gross domestic product (GDP) and globalization in the case of China for the period 2005Q1 to 2018Q4.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new perspective on the connection between CO2 emissions and GDP growth, renewable energy, technological innovation and globalization in Japan by employing wavelet statistical tools was revealed by employing series of wavelet tools for datasets covering the period from 1990Q1 to 2015Q4.
Abstract: With regard to environmental degradation in Japan, the world's third-largest economy, limited studies have been performed to illustrate the ecological aspects of the country's core and recent economic policies such as globalization, technological innovation, and renewable energy usage policies. Given this motivation, this research reveals a new perspective on the connection between CO2 emissions and GDP growth, renewable energy, technological innovation and globalization in Japan by employing wavelet statistical tools. The paper employs series of wavelet tools for datasets covering the period from 1990Q1 to 2015Q4. The empirical outcomes demonstrate proof of the interaction between renewable energy use, economic growth, technological innovation, globalization and CO2 emissions in both time and frequency. The empirical results of the wavelet analyses reveal that globalization, GDP growth, and technological innovation increase CO2 emissions in Japan, while renewable energy usage mitigates CO2 in the short and medium terms. The results demonstrate the significance of implementing policies effectively coordinated by the policymakers to curb the significant environmental degradation in Japan. Moreover, Japan should actively support renewable energy development and create a more competitive climate for investment in the renewable energy market.
206 citations
TL;DR: The findings clearly reveal that in the long run, globalization impacts ecological footprint positively and trade openness reduces ecological footprint in the short run, while ecological footprint is negatively affected by GDP growth in both the short and the longrun.
Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to explore the role of globalization on ecological footprint in Turkey while controlling energy consumption, economic growth, and trade openness. To achieve this objective, we employ dual adjustment approach. The main novelty of the dual adjustment approach is that the method offers another path to the cointegration analysis by relaxing the implicit assumption of the singular adjustment in cointegration analysis. The findings clearly reveal that (i) in the long run, globalization impacts ecological footprint positively and (ii) trade openness reduces ecological footprint in the short run, while ecological footprint is negatively affected by GDP growth in both the short and the long run. In terms of policy implications, this study suggests that in order to improve the environmental quality, Turkey should adopt such policies that encourage energy consumers to shift toward renewable energy. Moreover, the government should take necessary steps to diversify the overall energy mix toward renewable energy.
176 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the impact of technological innovation on green growth, in the presence of economic growth, globalization, research & development expenditures, and human capital, with a multivariate framework in China.
172 citations
TL;DR: This study argues for the development of human capital, a gradual transition to sustainable growth-driven and knowledge-based industries, and the introduction of sustainability practices in the natural resource sector to mitigate CO 2 emissions in LACCs.
Abstract: The world is increasingly getting urbanized and globalized, and the increase in natural resource exploration could have a far-reaching impact on environmental quality. Since most Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACCs) have proximity to the Amazon, they, therefore, rely heavily on agriculture and mining which develop via deforestation which could exacerbate the already increasing carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 emissions). Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this study becomes the first to investigate the link between natural resources, globalization, urbanization, and environmental degradation in LACCs countries from 1990 to 2017 with advanced panel data econometric techniques. The unit root tests affirm all the variables to be stationary at first difference, and the Westerlund (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69(6):709–748, 2007) cointegration test confirms the long-run relationship among the variables. The augmented mean group (AMG) and the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) results affirm that the aforementioned variables add to CO2 emissions, while human capital mitigates it. Further findings reveal that human capital performs a moderating role in promoting urbanization sustainability. The country-specific results confirm that economic growth adds to emissions in all the countries, except in the Dominican Republic. A feedback causality exists between economic growth, globalization, urbanization, and CO2 emissions. This study argues for the development of human capital, a gradual transition to sustainable growth-driven and knowledge-based industries, and the introduction of sustainability practices in the natural resource sector to mitigate CO2 emissions in LACCs.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of globalization, non-renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on CO2 emission for selected South Asian economies during 1985-2018 under the EKC framework was examined.
155 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the impact of financial development and globalization on consumption-based carbon emissions in Mexico while controlling growth, trade openness, and energy consumption using the dual adjustment approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the criticality of ICT, human capital (education and return on education), and globalization in environmental sustainability, controlling urbanization and economic growth in the Latin American and Caribbean (LCA) region, where economic growth and globalization have substantially increased over the past three decades.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the dynamic association between financial development, natural resources, globalization, non-renewable, and renewable energy consumption for eight Arctic countries from 1990 to 2017.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of technological innovation, globalization, and renewable energy to reduce environmental degradation in Pakistan by using the time series data from 1980 to 2018 was analyzed using the quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of industrialization, economic growth, and globalization processes on the ecological footprint and healthcare expenditures in the ten countries with the highest healthcare expenditures from 1995-2018 using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on the Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) framework.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of globalization, financial development, and energy utilization on environmental sustainability in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries was investigated, where the authors employed a relatively comprehensive proxy, i.e., ecological footprint for environmental sustainability and more advanced and robust econometric strategies (second-generation) to examine the impact.
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of globalization, financial development, and energy utilization on environmental sustainability in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. GCC countries are currently experiencing higher demand and utilization of energy resources, high global integration, and improvements in the financial sector that poses serious environmental sustainability challenges. We have employed a relatively comprehensive proxy, i.e., ecological footprint for environmental sustainability and more advanced and robust econometric strategies (second-generation) to examine the impact of globalization, financial development, and energy utilization on environmental sustainability in the GCC countries, which have a significant departure from the extant literature. The results of this study show that globalization, financial development, and energy utilization are significantly deteriorating the environmental quality in the GCC countries. Additionally, in order to account for the national heterogeneity, we have performed country-specific analysis and interestingly, results reveal that globalization, financial development, and energy utilization negatively influence the environmental sustainability in each sample country that is consistent with the findings of overall panel. Furthermore, the findings are robust to various robustness checks that we have performed for checking the reliability of our main findings. This study also offers some useful policy implications to the stakeholder in general and specifically concerning the GCC countries for promoting their environmental sustainability.
TL;DR: This article reviewed the nature, causes, and consequences of the globalization backlash and showed that, contrary to a po-tation, the backlash against globalization does not stem from racism, sexism, or Islamophobia.
Abstract: In recent years, the world has seen a rising backlash against globalization. This article reviews the nature, causes, and consequences of the globalization backlash. It shows that, contrary to a po...
TL;DR: Empirical results of pooled mean group (PMG) revealed that renewable energy consumption helps to diminish the environmental degradation while foreign direct investment, electricity consumption, and economic growth and institutional quality positively affect the degradation of the environment.
Abstract: This study utilized the Pooled Mean Group estimator to investigate the effect of renewable energy consumption, electricity consumption, economic growth, institutional quality, and globalization on carbon dioxide emission with an updated dataset for 10 economies for the time period from 1985 to 2018. Results of Harris-Tzavalis’s test and Levin–Lin–Chu’s test show that the utilized regressand and regressors are stationary at I(0) and I(I) that conform that the pooled mean group estimator panel ARDL can be utilized. Results of Kao and Pedroni cointegration tests show that cointegration exists amongst the variables. Empirical results of pooled mean group (PMG) revealed that renewable energy consumption helps to diminish the environmental degradation while foreign direct investment, electricity consumption, and economic growth and institutional quality positively affect the degradation of the environment. The findings show that globalization in the long run adversely and significantly influences the environmental degradation; globalization reduces the environmental degradation in the long run while in the short run, globalization positively and significantly influences the environmental degradation. Results of the panel VAR and VECM model indicate electricity consumption and institutional quality, and globalization positively affects environmental degradation. Further policies are recommended based on the findings.
TL;DR: Using panel data from 1990-2015 for selected BRICS (Brazil, India, China and South Africa) countries, the authors empirically evaluates the role of primary and secondary education levels in curbing carbon emissions along with incorporating the changes in the pattern of energy consumption based on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, real economic growth, urbanization and economic globalization as additional determinants in per capita CO2 emission function.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors combine linear and non-linear models with threshold regressions and second-generation cointegration techniques, FMOLS, and causality to show that the human capital index and globalization are the last hope to promote a more sustainable energy matrix in developed countries.
TL;DR: There is compelling evidence that globalization shocks, often working through culture and identity, have played an important role in driving up support for populist movements, particularly of the r... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: There is compelling evidence that globalization shocks, often working through culture and identity, have played an important role in driving up support for populist movements, particularly of the r...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of globalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, trade, energy consumption, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in Bangladesh over the period 1972-2016 by utilizing dynamic ARDL simulations' model by Jordan and Philips.
Abstract: Bangladesh's recent doorway to the spectacular growth trajectory is largely associated with the shared contributions of globalization, FDI, trade, economic growth, urbanization, energy consumption, innovation, and institutional quality that affect its natural environment. Earlier studies hardly incorporated these dynamics together especially innovation and institutional quality to examine their impacts on environmental degradation in Bangladesh. This study attempts to scrutinize the effect of globalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, trade, innovation, urbanization, and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in the presence of institutional quality in Bangladesh over the period 1972-2016 by utilizing dynamic ARDL simulations' model by Jordan and Philips (2018). The investigated results depict that globalization; foreign direct investment, and innovation have a negative effect on CO2 emissions in improving environmental quality while economic growth, trade, energy consumption, and urbanization positively impact CO2 emissions and hence stimulate environmental degradation both in the long and short run. Besides, institutional quality measured by the political terror scale (PTS) affects CO2 emissions positively and thereby degrades the quality of the environment in both the long and short run. Therefore, policy implication should go toward encouraging globalization, foreign direct investment and innovation; and the sensible utilization of income growth, trade potentials, energy consumption, urbanization and institution is required for the sake of environmental quality in Bangladesh.
Book•
23 Mar 2021
TL;DR: The Changing Nature of Anthropological Knowledge: An Introduction, Henrietta Moore 2 Interpreting Electron Micrographs, Emily Martin 3 Globalization and Localization: New Challenges to Rural Research 4 Anthropology, China, and the Modernities: The Geopolitics of Cultural Knowledge, Aihwa Ong 5 Traceling Theory, Anthropology and the Discourse of Modernity in China, Mayfair Yang 6 Anthropology without Tears: How a 'Local' Sees the 'Local', Wazir Jahan Karim 7 Chimpanzees, Diamonds and war: Debating
Abstract: 1 The Changing Nature of Anthropological Knowledge: An Introduction, Henrietta Moore 2 Interpreting Electron Micrographs, Emily Martin 3 Globalization and Localization: New Challenges to Rural Research 4 Anthropology, China, and the Modernities: The Geopolitics of Cultural Knowledge, Aihwa Ong 5 Traceling Theory, Anthropology, and the Discourse of Modernity in China, Mayfair Yang 6 Anthropology without Tears: How a 'Local' Sees the 'Local' and the 'Global', Wazir Jahan Karim 7 Chimpanzees, Diamonds and war: Debating Local-Global Interaction on the Liberia-Sierra Leone Border, Paul Richards Afterwards, Peter Harries-Jones
TL;DR: The study analyzed the impact of financial development, globalization, and energy use on the environmental quality of South Asian economies over the period 1990–2014 to suggest that financial development contributes to carbon emissions, whereas globalization has the potential to control emissions.
Abstract: Climate change resulting from the higher concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a threat to the sustainability of life on earth. To ensure sustainable development, the study analyzed the impact of financial development, globalization, and energy use on the environmental quality of South Asian economies over the period 1990-2014. To account for cross-sectional dependence, Breusch-Pagan-Lagrange multiplier, Pesaran-scaled Lagrange multiplier, bias-corrected-scaled Lagrange multiplier, and Pesaran cross-sectional dependence tests are used. The second-generation tests are used to determine the stationarity level of the variables. Furthermore, the Westerlund panel cointegration test confirms cointegration among the variables. For long-run association, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, and pooled mean group estimators are used. The results suggest that financial development contributes to carbon emissions, whereas globalization has the potential to control emissions. The study also used Dumitrescu and Hurlin's (2012) panel causality test to explore the causal relationship among the variables. Unidirectional causality is observed from economic growth, globalization, and financial development to environmental degradation and from emissions to energy use, respectively. As financial development deteriorates environmental quality, therefore, the government should monitor the disbursement of loans for research and development, green financing, and efficient production that reduce resource consumption and improves environmental quality. Financial development should not compromise environmental quality and endanger sustainability. Furthermore, South Asian countries should promote globalization to support the inflow of green technologies to enhance environmental quality.
TL;DR: In a recent study, this article found that the support for populism is strongest in communities that experienced long-term economic and social decline, and that institutional differences in labor markets and electoral rules across developed democracies may explain some of the variation in populists' electoral success.
Abstract: A populist backlash to globalization has ushered in nationalist governments and challenged core features of the Liberal International Order. Although startling in scope and urgency, the populist wave has been developing in declining regions of wealthy countries for some time. Trade, offshoring, and automation have steadily reduced the number of available jobs and the wages of industrial workers since at least the 1970s. The decline in manufacturing employment initiated the deterioration of social and economic conditions in affected communities, exacerbating inequalities between depressed rural areas and small cities and towns, on the one hand, and thriving cities, on the other. The global financial crisis of 2008 catalyzed these divisions, as communities already in decline suffered deeper and longer economic downturns than metropolitan areas, where superstar knowledge, technology, and service-oriented firms agglomerate. We document many of these trends across the United States and Europe, and demonstrate that populist support is strongest in communities that experienced long-term economic and social decline. Institutional differences in labor markets and electoral rules across developed democracies may explain some of the variation in populists’ electoral success. Renewed support for the Liberal International Order may require a rejuvenation of distressed communities and a reduction of stark regional inequalities.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how globalization influences the adoption of digital technologies and found that globalization positively affects technology transfers and spillovers in all countries and that countries undergoing significant technological changes achieve evergrowing digital technology adoption convergence.
TL;DR: This transition is linked with factors that generate demand for BMS, including rising incomes, urbanisation, the changing nature of woman's work, social norms, media influences and medicalisation, and reflects the globalization of the baby food industry and its supply chains.
Abstract: The inappropriate marketing and aggressive promotion of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) undermines breastfeeding and harms child and maternal health in all country contexts. Although a global milk formula 'sales boom' is reportedly underway, few studies have investigated its dynamics and determinants. This study takes two steps. First, it describes trends and patterns in global formula sales volumes (apparent consumption), by country income and region. Data are reported for 77 countries, for the years 2005-19, and for the standard (0-6 months), follow-up (7-12 m), toddler (13-36 m), and special (0-6 m) categories. Second, it draws from the literature to understand how transformations underway in first-food systems - those that provision foods for children aged 0-36 months - explain the global transition to higher formula diets. Total world formula sales grew by 115% between 2005 and 2019, from 3.5 to 7.4 kg/child, led by highly-populated middle-income countries. Growth was rapid in South East and East Asia, especially in China, which now accounts for one third of world sales. This transition is linked with factors that generate demand for BMS, including rising incomes, urbanisation, the changing nature of woman's work, social norms, media influences and medicalisation. It also reflects the globalization of the baby food industry and its supply chains, including the increasing intensity and sophistication of its marketing practices. Policy and regulatory frameworks designed to protect, promote and support breastfeeding are partially or completely inadequate in the majority of countries, hence supporting industry expansion over child nutrition. The results raise serious concern for global child and maternal health.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of innovation on carbon emissions in 46 developing economies and found that the positive shocks of innovation disrupt the deleterious repercussions of CO2e, while the negative shocks deteriorate the environmental quality.
Abstract: The prior empirical research focuses on examining only the procyclical impact of innovation on carbon emissions (CO2e), in the majority of cases, for advanced economies. The current paper contributes to the extant literature by integrating positive and negative shocks of innovation in the model to scrutinize their potential effects on CO2e for the sample of 46 developing economies. Globalization (GLOB), renewable energy consumption (REC), fossils fuels consumption (FFC), foreign direct investment (FDI), and GDP per capita are embodied as control variables. The application of panel Fully modified ordinary least squares (PFM-LS) and panel Dynamic least squares (PD-LS) approaches exhibits the following results. First, the positive shocks of innovation disrupt the deleterious repercussions of CO2e, while the negative shocks deteriorate the environmental quality. Second, globalization and REC enhance the ecological quality by curbing CO2e. Third, FDI and FFC show the direct association with CO2e and make the pollution issue more alarming. Lastly, the impact of GDP growth also remains unfavorable, and it escalates the ratio of CO2e. The study also includes the positive and negative shocks of globalization and REC in the model to confirm its robustness. Interestingly, the impact of shocks in innovation on the ecological quality remains consistent, indicating the findings' robustness. For a sustainable future, the article’s findings suggest to adopt the innovation shocks as a policy instrument for formulating better environmental policies. Also, some study limitations are presented, which may provide some new sights for future research.
TL;DR: In this article, a new conceptual framework was proposed to explore globalization's moderating role on exoplanetary variables (financial development, energy consumption, human capital, and gross domestic product) and CO2 emission.
Abstract: The policy debate on the financial development and dynamic of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is topical. Globalization can affect this relationship by making financial investments in green energy and environment-friendly technology, as environmental sustainability is the primary concern for modern society. This study proposes a newly formulated conceptual framework to explore globalization's moderating role on exoplanetary variables (financial development, energy consumption, human capital, and gross domestic product) and CO2 emission. We employed Fixed Effect Ordinary Least Squares (FE-OLS), Driscoll-Kraay standard error approach (D-K), and Dumitrescu and Hurlin's (2012) panel causality test. Our sample of the study comprised full and subsamples of G20 countries (excluding the European Union) from 1986 to 2018. The results indicated that financial development and human capital decreased carbon emissions, while GDP and energy consumption substantially increased carbon emissions during the study time. Further, globalization moderated the positive impact of financial development and human development on carbon emissions. A sustainable environmental agenda is achieved by a stronger financial system, encouraging green finance, and including technical education that improves production efficiency. However, globalization moderated the negative impact of energy consumption and GDP on carbon emission. Besides, we also reported the bidirectional causal relationship of GDP to energy consumption. Our empirical research provides new insights for policymakers and governments to formulate country-based policies to protect environmental quality while achieving sustainable economic goals.