Showing papers on "Halide published in 1971"
Patent•
28 Apr 1971TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to construct a PLATINUM-SILOXANE COMPLEX of UNSATURATED SILOXANES, which are useful as HYDROSILATION CATALYSTs.
Abstract: PLATINUM COMPLEXES OF UNSATURATED SILOXANES ARE PROVIDED WHICH ARE USEFUL AS HYDROSILATION CATALYSTS. THESE PLATINUM-SILOXANE COMPLEXES MUST CONTAIN LESS THAN ABOUT 0.1 GRAM ATOM OF HALOGEN, PER GRAM ATOM OF PLATINUM, AND PREFERABLY SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF HALOGEN WHICH INCLUDE PLATINUM-SILOXANE COMPLEXES WHICH ARE SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF INORGANIC HALOGEN. THESE PLATINUM-SILOXANE COMPLEXES CAN BE MADE BY EFFECTING CONTACT BETWEEN A PLATINUM HALIDE AND AN UNSATURATED SILOXANE, FOR EXAMPLE, 1,3-DIVINYLTETRAMETHYLDISILOXANE, AND REMOVING AVAILABLE INORGANIC HALOGEN FROM THE RESULTING MATERIAL. IN ADDITION, CURABLE ORGANOPOLYSILOXANE COMPOSITIONS ARE PROVIDED COMPRISING AN ORGANOPOLYSILOXANE POLYMER AND AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF SUCH PLATINUM-SILOXANE COMPLEX.
870 citations
TL;DR: Kipouros and Thonstad as discussed by the authors proposed an analytical method for nonisotopic additive binary mixtures, based on external motes and external transport numbers of the mixture.
Abstract: Ionic Mobilities (A. Klemm). Introduction. Internal Mobilities in Single Salts. External Mobilities of Single Salts and Mixtures. The Nature of External Mobilities. External Mobilities and External Transport Numbers. Analytical Methods. Volumetric Methods. The Streaming Potential. Experimental Results and Discussion. Internal Mobilities of Mixtures. Analytical Methods Based on External Mobilities. Analytical Methods with Checked Ionic Concentrations in a Column. The Occurrence of Migrating Boundaries. Mobility Ratios from the Observation of Migrating Boundaries. EMF Methods. Experimental Results and Discussion for Isotopes. Experimental Results and Discussion for Nonisotopic Additive Binary Mixtures. Cationic Self Diffusion Coefficients of Binary Nitrate Mixtures. References. Aluminum Electrolysis Electrolyte and Electrochemistry (J. Thonstad). Introduction. The Electrolyte. Phase Equilibria. Thermodynamic Properties. Solubility of Aluminum and Aluminum Carbide. Measurements of Aluminum Solubility. Vapor Pressure of Dissolved Metal. Electrochemical Properties of Dissolved Metal. Nature of the Dissolved Metal. Solubility of Aluminum Carbide. Physico-Chemical Properties. Density. Surface Properties. Viscosity. Electrical Conductivity. Transference Numbers. Diffusivity. Electrode Reactions. Reference Electrodes. Double Layer Capacity. The Cathode Reaction. The Anode Reaction. Anode Effect. Current Efficiency and Energy Efficiency. Current Efficiency in Commercial Aluminum Cells. Energy Efficiency. Future Trends. Inert Electrode Materials. Aluminum Chloride Electrolysis. The Electrolyte. Cell Reaction and Current Efficiency. Conclusions. References. The Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Magnesium Production (G.J. Kipouros, D.R. Sadoway). Introduction. Electrolytic Methods of Magnesium Production. Cell Feed Preparation. The Electrolyte. Industrial Electrolysis Cells. Mechanism of Magnesium Electrodeposition. Thermochemical Methods of Magnesium Production. Carbothermic Reduction. Metallothermic Reduction. Other Methods of Reduction. Flux Chemistry. Future Outlook. References. Organic and Organometallic Reactions in Molten Salts and Related Melts (R.M. Pagni). Introduction. Aluminum Chloride-Containing Molten Salts and Melts. The Scholl Reaction. Ene Reaction. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Rearrangements and Isomerizations. Final Comments on A1C1 3 -Containing Melts. Pyridine Hydrohalide Molten Salts. Cleavage of Ethers. Cyclization Reactions. Deacylation. Dealkylation with Rearrangement. Aromatization. Isomerization. Synthetic Applications. Ammonium and Phosphonium Salt Melts. Tetra-n-butylammonium Fluoride. Phosphonium Salts. Tetraalkylammonium Tetraalkylborides. Nitrate and Nitrite Containing Melts. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Salts. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Halides. Alkali Thiocyanate Melts. Alkali Metal Carboxylates. Alkali Metal Hydroxide. Zinc, Copper (I and II), Iron (III) and Tin (II) Chloride Melts. Desulfurization of Alkyl Sulfides.
285 citations
Patent•
04 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a high melting, high MOLECULAR WEIGHT INTERPOLYMERS of CARBON MONOXIDE with at least one UNSATURATED COMPOUND SUCH as the AlIPHATIC MONOOLEFINS, I.E., ETHYLENE, are PREPARED by reacting with SAID UnsatUROUNDED COMPOUNDS in the PRESENCE of an ARYL PHOSPHINE COMPLEX OF A PALLADIUM HALIDE and CERTAIN INERT SOLVENTS.
Abstract: HIGH MELTING, HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT INTERPOLYMERS OF CARBON MONOXIDE WITH AT LEAST ONE UNSATURATED COMPOUND SUCH AS THE ALIPHATIC MONOOLEFINS, I.E., ETHYLENE, ARE PREPARED BY REACTING CARBON MONOXIDE WITH SAID UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ARYL PHOSPHINE COMPLEX OF A PALLADIUM HALIDE AND CERTAIN INERT SOLVENTS.
203 citations
TL;DR: The reaction of iodomethylzinc iodide with trimethylchlorogermane gave in low yield both Me3GeCH2I and Me3 GeCH2GeMe3 as mentioned in this paper.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stochastic and kinetics of the reaction between various Grignard reagents and alkyl halides with an iron catalyst have been examined in tetrahydrofuran solutions.
124 citations
119 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the branching ratio of atom pairs/ion pairs is interpreted in terms of the effective width of the adiabatic dissociation channel, compared with the spacing of the vibrational levels of the diabatic bound state.
Abstract: The primary dissociation step for alkali halide diatomics in argon has been studied in order to determine whether collisional dissociation produces ions, atoms, or a mixture of both types of products. The method is based on time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy of shock‐heated vapors. Results show that the cesium halides, and the rubidium and potassium halides, with the exception of the two iodides, dissociate essentially completely to ions; that the lithium salts and NaI and NaBr dissociate essentially completely to atoms; and that the other alkali halides (KI, RbI, NaCl, and probably NaF) dissociate to mixtures of atoms and ions, at least under some conditions. The branching ratio of atom pairs/ion pairs is interpreted in terms of the effective width of the adiabatic dissociation channel, compared with the spacing of the vibrational levels of the diabatic bound state.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of adsorbed chlorine, bromine and iodine on the surface self-diffusion of copper in the temperature range 1044 to as low as 383°C was investigated.
87 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the absorption spectra of hexahalide and oxohalide complexes in the regions of electron transfer transitions, internal 5f electron transitions, metal-oxygen vibrational frequencies, and metal-halogen vibrational frequency are presented.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the collision-induced dissociation process of alkali halides to ion pairs by high energy Xe was studied by crossed molecular beam method, and the dependence of the dissociation cross section on relative kinetic energy and internal energy was investigated.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the same mechanism was found to be operative in both types of experiments, and a method was proposed for designing more damage-resistant materials, and the question of inclusions was dealt with.
Abstract: CO2 laser‐induced breakdown was studied in ten of the alkali halides. The bulk intrinsic breakdown thresholds are intimately related to the corresponding dc dielectric strengths. It is therefore concluded that the same mechanism is operative in both types of experiment. A method is proposed for designing more damage‐resistant materials. In addition, the question of inclusions is dealt with.
TL;DR: In this paper, the angular ejection pattern and sputtering efficiencies of alkali halides were measured and the low threshold energy required for sputtering, the nature of the halogen ejection and the dependence on the total rate with both alkali metal and halogen ion dimensions were all consistent with the model of defect formation proposed by Pooley and by Hersh.
Abstract: Low energy electron or photon irradiation of alkali halides produces energetic sputtering of surface atoms. Measurements of both the angular ejection pattern and the sputtering efficiencies are reported. The low threshold energy required for sputtering, the 〈110〉 nature of the halogen ejection and the dependence on the total rate with both alkali metal and halogen ion dimensions are all consistent with the model of defect formation proposed by Pooley and by Hersh.
TL;DR: In this article, the silyl-substituted π-cyclopentadienyl metal carbonyls have been synthesised: (Me 5 Si 2 -π-C 5 H 4 )Mn(CO) 3, (ME 5 Si 1 -π -C 5H 4 )Re(CO), (Me 3 Si 2 −π −C 5 HO 4 )
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01 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In the last half of the 1960s, new high-intensity discharge light sources based on a halogen cycle have made considerable impact on the lighting market as mentioned in this paper, which are available from a number of manufacturers in this country and abroad and are finding wide application in industrial and commercial lighting, as well as in outdoor lighting installations where color quality is important.
Abstract: In the last half of the 1960s, new high-intensity discharge light sources based on a halogen cycle have made considerable impact on the lighting market. Such light sources depend on the volatilization of halide compounds to introduce a variety of otherwise nonvolatile metals into a high-pressure arc in a fused silica tube. The excitation of these metal atoms in the arc then produces the characteristic spectrum of the metal; the incorporation of several different metals permits the generation of a number of wavelengths of light, i.e., substantially white light. These lamps combine the high output in a compact size of mercury lamps (to which they are similar in appearance) with the high efficiency and color qualities of cool white fluorescent lamps. Efficiencies as high as 100 Im/W are available in 1000-W lamps. Metal halide lamps are available from a number of manufacturers in this country and abroad and are finding wide application in industrial and commercial lighting, as well as in outdoor lighting installations where color quality is important.
TL;DR: In this article, three types of mixed transition-metal mono-μ-phosphido complexes are obtained: the stepwise formation of a metal-metal bond from the type 3 complex (III: M,M′ = Fe) to the type 1 complex (IV: M and Fe) was found.
Patent•
01 Feb 1971TL;DR: A typical embodiment includes polyamides which are stabilized with 1,2-bis[3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionamido]ethane and sodium hypophosphite, copper acetate and potassium iodide as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Heat stabilized synthetic polyamide compositions are prepared by incorporating therein a mixture of a phenolic antioxidant and metal hypophosphite, a copper compound and metal halide. A typical embodiment includes polyamides which are stabilized with 1,2-bis[3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionamido]ethane and sodium hypophosphite, copper acetate and potassium iodide.
TL;DR: In this article, the specular reflectivity of gold has been measured in 0.2 M HClO 4 with and without halide ions present, and the reflectivity potential curves depend on the halide concentration at potentials where halide ion are adsorbed.
TL;DR: The structures of Hg2F2, hg2Cl2, and hg 2Br2 have been investigated on the basis of single crystal data, and the intermetallic distances differ from those earlier reported and show no correlation with the electronegativity of the halogen.
Abstract: The structures of Hg2F2, Hg2Cl2, and Hg2Br2 have been reinvestigated on the basis of single crystal data; the intermetallic distances differ from those earlier reported and show no correlation with the electronegativity of the halogen.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure and sintering of the surface of alkali halide films, prepared by deposition onto low temperature substrates, have been studied with electron microscopy.
Abstract: The structure and sintering of the surface of alkali halide films, prepared by deposition onto low temperature substrates, have been studied with electron microscopy. At low temperatures the films are composed of crystallites less than 50 A in size. U.-v. spectra of colour centres in the very small crystallites have shown the existence of trapped electron (i.e., F- and M-) centres and trapped “hole”(i.e., probably V1-, V2- and H-) centres. Evidence is also presented for the observation of transitions of surface F-centres. Annealing of the films and loss of colour centres with increasing temperature and with gas adsorption are demonstrated. Infra-red spectra have shown that adsorbed nitric oxide exists as NO+ and, on some surfaces, NO– ions. Correlation of the adsorption with colour centres in the films is also discussed.