Showing papers on "Isovitexin published in 2017"

Plasma Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, and Tissue Distribution of Four C-Glycosyl Flavones from Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Seed Extracts in Rat by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: The main polyphenols in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seed (MBS), an edible legume with various biological activities, are C-glycosyl flavones (vitexin, isovitexin, isovitexin-6″-O-α-l-glucoside, and dulcinoside). In our study, a validated ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantitate the concentrations of four C-glycosyl flavones from MBS extracts in the plasma and various tissues of rats and successfully applied to study their pharmacological profile and tissue distribution in vivo. Four C-glycosyl flavones were rapidly absorbed after oral administration, achieving a Cmax at around 1.5 h, and they could be distributed widely and rapidly in tested tissues. The concentrations of four C-glycosyl flavones in all of the tested tissues decreased obviously in 4 h, which indicated that there was not a trend of long-term accumulation of them. This is the first time to report on pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of four C-glycosyl flavones in rat. The results provided a significative basis for the application of MBS.

Identification of Major Flavone C-Glycosides and Their Optimized Extraction from Cymbidium kanran Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract: Cymbidium kanran, an orchid exclusively distributed in Northeast Asia, has been highly valued as a decorative plant and traditional herbal medicine. Here, C. kanran extracts were prepared in 70% aqueous methanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and subjected to liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry analysis, which were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. It was found that the extracts were rich in flavone C-glycosides including vicenin-2, vicenin-3, schaftoside, vitexin, and isovitexin. Ten deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized by combining choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor) with various polyols and diols (hydrogen bond donors) and were tested as a medium for the efficient production of extracts enriched with potentially bioactive flavone C-glycosides from C. kanran. A DES named ChCl:DPG, composed of choline chloride and dipropylene glycol at a 1:4 molar ratio, exhibited the best extraction yields. Then, the effects of extraction conditions on the extraction efficiency were investigated by response surface methodology. Lower water content in the extraction solvent and longer extraction time during UAE were desirable for higher extraction yields. Under the statistically optimized conditions, in which 100 mg of C. kanran powder were extracted in 0.53 mL of a mixture of ChCl:DPG and water (74:26, w/w) for 86 min, a total of 3.441 mg g−1 flavone C-glycosides including 1.933 mg g−1 vicenin-2 was obtained. This total yield was 196%, 131%, and 71% more than those obtained using 100% methanol, water, and 70% methanol, respectively.

Homogenate-assisted Vacuum-powered Bubble Extraction of Moso Bamboo Flavonoids for On-line Scavenging Free Radical Capacity Analysis

Abstract: A homogenate-assisted vacuum-powered bubble extraction (HVBE) method using ethanol was applied for extraction of flavonoids from Phyllostachys pubescens (P. pubescens) leaves. The mechanisms of homogenate-assisted extraction and vacuum-powered bubble generation were discussed in detail. Furthermore, a method for the rapid determination of flavonoids by HPLC was established. HVBE followed by HPLC was successfully applied for the extraction and quantification of four flavonoids in P. pubescens, including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin. This method provides a fast and effective means for the preparation and determination of plant active components. Moreover, the on-line antioxidant capacity, including scavenging positive ion and negative ion free radical capacity of different fractions from the bamboo flavonoid extract was evaluated. Results showed that the scavenging DPPH˙ free radical capacity of vitexin and isovitexin was larger than that of isoorientin and orientin. On the contrary, the scavenging ABTS+˙free radical capacity of isoorientin and orientin was larger than that of vitexin and isovitexin.

New apigenin glycoside, polyphenolic constituents,anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Gaillardia grandiflora and Gaillardia pulchella aerial parts

Abstract: Background: Gaillardia grandiflora Hort. ex Van Houte and Gaillardia pulchella Foug are flowering plants widely cultivated in Egypt for their ornamental value. Previous reports demonstrated that sesquiterpene derivatives represent the major compounds in both species. Moreover, only few flavones were identified from genus Gaillardia and few studies on the cytotoxicity of G. pulchella were found. Aim of the Study: Investigation of the phenolic constituents of the aerial parts of both species and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Materials and Methods: The 80% aqueous methanol extracts (AME) were prepared for both plants and evaluated for their biological activities. Phytochemical investigation of both extracts resulted in isolation of twelve compounds, which have been identified on the basis of ultraviolet, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and negative ESI-MS. Results: The new 8-hydroxyapigenin 6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1'''→6'')-C-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside was isolated from G. grandiflora for the first time in nature, along with schaftoside, luteolin 6-C-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside 8-methyl ether, apigenin 6-C-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside 8-methyl ether, isoorientin, isovitexin, 6-methoxyluteolin and hispidulin, as well as vicenin-2, vitexin, luteolin and apigenin, which were isolated from G. pulchella together with 6-methoxyluteolin. Furthermore, the AME of both species were found to be nontoxic to mice and exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Current results shed light on the phenolic constituents of G. grandiflora and G. pulchella aerial parts and the safety of the AME of both species, in addition to their significant anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Both plant species may be promising candidates for natural anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs. Abbreviations used: ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AME: The 80% aqueous methanol extract of G. grandiflora or G. pulchella aerial parts; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; br d: Broad doublet; Comp-PC: Comparative paper chromatography; d: Doublet; 2D-PC: Two-dimensional paper chromatography; DMSO-d6: Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide; G.: Gaillardia; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; GRd: Glutathione reductase; GSH: glutathione; GST: Glutathione-S-transferase; J: Nuclear spin-spin coupling constant; m: Multiplet; [M-H].: Molecular ion peak; MDA: Malondialdehyde; m/z: Mass/charge ratio; NO: Nitric oxide; p: Probability; PC: Paper chromatography; Rf: Retention flow; rpm: Rotation per minute; s: Singlet; SDE: The ethanol extract of Scoparia dulcis; SE: Standard error; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TMS: Tetramethylsilane; γmax: Maximum fluorescence emission wavelength.

Rapid identification and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents of Gentiana veitchiorum by UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS

Abstract: Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl., Gentianaceae, a traditional Tibetan medicine, was used for the treatment of liver jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, as well as for headache and chronic pharyngitis. A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography, photodiode array detector, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed for the fast and accurate identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum. In fact, eighteen compounds were detected and identified on the basis of their mass spectra, fragment characteristics and comparison with published data. Especially, the MS fragmentation pathways of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides were illustrated. Five compounds among them were quantified by UHPLC-PDA, including swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, isoorientin, and isovitexin. The proposed method was then validated based on the analyses of linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The overall recoveries for the five analytes ranged from 96.54% to 100.81%, with RSD from 1.05% to 1.82%. In addition, ten batches of G. veitchiorum from different areas were also analyzed. The developed method was rapid and reliable for both identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum, especially for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides.

Isovitexin as marker and bioactive compound in the antinociceptive activity of the Brazilian crude drug extracts of Echinodorus scaber and E. grandiflorus

Abstract: Echinodorus scaber Rataj and Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli, Alismataceae, are popularly used to relieve inflammatory complaints and as diuretic. A study on the antinociceptive effect and selected marker compounds in eleven extracts from different locations was undertaken and their antinociceptive effect was assessed. The fingerprints were compared by HPLC-DAD and the content of vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were determined. All samples presented antinociceptive activity reducing the writhes by 36.4–62.5% and 47.4–79.8% at 10 and 50 mg/kg, respectively; indomethacin (5 mg/kg) reduced writhes by 82.6–90.1%. The content of the flavonoids C-glycosides, however, presented a strong variation. Isovitexin and isoorientin were found in all the samples, with content ranging from traces to 14.70 μg/mg and 2.12–84.27 μg/mg extract, respectively, while vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside occurred in quantifiable amounts only in 3 out of 11 samples ranging from 5.43 to 33.13 μg/mg extract; vitexin was not detected at all or detected in trace amounts. According to the fingerprints, the samples could be arranged in four main groups. All eleven extracts showed antinociceptive activity. Isovitexin was the only flavonoid present in all samples and can be regarded, acting in synergy with the other compounds or not, as the responsible for the antinociceptive activity. Therefore, isovitexin is a good choice as chemical marker when the antinociceptive activity of E. scaber and E. grandiflorus is investigated.

Extraction and Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Myricetin in Hydroethanolic extract of Passiflora incarnata (Passifloraceae)

Abstract: Passiflora incarnata has widely been used to treat insomnia, nervous disorders, convulsion, ulcer etc. There has been many flavonoids previously reported in this plant apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, d-allopyranosyl-8-xylopyranosyl-apigenin C-glycosyl flavonoids vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, schaftoside, isoschaftoside, isovitexin- -glucopyranoside, isoorientin-2 -gluco-pyranoside, 2-glucosylapigenin, isoscoparin-2 -glucoside, 2 glucosyl-6-C-glucosylapigenin, 6- -glucopyranosyl-8-d-ribopyranosyl apigenin and swertisin. The percentage of myricetin present in the air dried plant material of HEEPI was calculated as 0.045 %. This is the first time myricetin has been reported in this plant.

Anti-inflammatory effective part of leaf of Santalum album L. and preparation method and application of anti-inflammatory effective part of leaf of Santalum album L.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-inflammatory effective part of a leaf of Santalum album L.. The anti-inflammatory effective part comprises vitexin, isovitexin and orientin, and the content of the vitexin, the isovitexin and the orientin in the effective part is not less than 80%. The invention further provides a preparation method and application of the anti-inflammatory effective part of the leaf of Santalum album L.. The anti-inflammatory effective part of the leaf of Santalum album L. is clear in chemical components and the content of the known components exceeds 80%; systematic anti-inflammatory experiments show that the effective part is effective in treatment of acute inflammation.

Discriminating Factors for Ficus deltoidea Jack Varieties by HPTLC coupled with Chemometrics

Abstract: Ficus deltoidea Jack (FD) is a highly potential herb. However, there is serious confusion on selecting the right plant as FD occurs in several varieties. In this study, a high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed to determine the discriminating factors of FD varieties. Eight varieties of methanol extract, five varieties of water extract and marker compounds, vitexin and isovitexin were analysed. Chemometric analysis; principal component (PCA), hierarchical cluster (HCA) and discriminant (DA) on HPTLC R f value were performed. For methanol extracts, total variance of PCA score was 66.78% and clustered apart from each other. Total variance of water extract was 82.25%, which grouped into three clusters. HCA analysis produced three clusters for both types of extracts. Discriminant analysis revealed that methanol and water extracts were 100% discriminated. This finding suggests that the discriminant factors between methanol extracts were unidentified compounds at R f value of 0.51, 0.72 and isovitexin. Meanwhile, isovitexin and vitexin were identified as discriminant factors for water extract.

Antioxidants, Polyphenols and Marker Phytochemicals Content from Different Parts of Clinacanthus nutans (C.nutans)

Abstract: Clinacanthus nutans (C.nutans) or Belalai Gajah has become popular medicinal herb for Malaysian community due to worthy biological property. It has been used in widespread of food products such as tea and supplements. The present study was focussed the determination of phytochemical components of C.nutans of the three different plant parts consists of leaves, stem and plant mixture. The experiments deal with the assessment of antioxidant property, total phenolic content and marker phytochemicals (orientin and vitexin). Free radical scavenging activity based on DPPH and ABTS assays were carried out for the antioxidant property. Meanwhile, the phenol content and identification of marker phytochemical were measured by using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method and HPLC analysis respectively. Leaves samples exhibits stronger scavenger ability (DPPH, 953.22± 3.49a μg/ml and ABTS,1693.33±0.23a μg/ml) compared to other samples. The total phenols content and both marker phytochemical of orientin and vitexin were found higher in leaves among the samples. Stem indicated the least results among the parameters tested. The total phenolic content in the leaves was 125.83 ± 0(mg GAE/g) while orientin represented 0.1235, w/w% and vitexin represented 0.1421 w/w%, respectively. The present results indicated leaves from C.nutans have higher chemical property and could be preferable part to be used for further phytochemicals research.