Showing papers on "Lathyrus published in 2017"

β-n-oxalyl-l-α, β -diaminopropionic acid (β -odap) content in lathyrus sativus: The integration of nitrogen and sulfur metabolism through β -cyanoalanine synthase

Abstract: Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important legume crop grown mainly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. This underutilized legume can withstand harsh environmental conditions including drought and flooding. During drought-induced famines, this protein-rich legume serves as a food source for poor farmers when other crops fail under harsh environmental conditions; however, its use is limited because of the presence of an endogenous neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Long-term consumption of Lathyrus and β-ODAP is linked to lathyrism, which is a degenerative motor neuron syndrome. Pharmacological studies indicate that nutritional deficiencies in methionine and cysteine may aggravate the neurotoxicity of β-ODAP. The biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of β-ODAP is poorly understood, but is linked to sulfur metabolism. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in grass pea on the sulfur assimilatory enzymes and how these enzymes regulate the biosynthesis of β-ODAP. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of sulfur metabolism in grass pea and its contribution to β-ODAP biosynthesis. Unraveling the fundamental steps and regulation of β-ODAP biosynthesis in grass pea will be vital for the development of improved varieties of this underutilized legume.

Горох абиссинский (Lathyrus schaeferi Kosterin nom. nov. pro Pisum abyssinicum A. Br.) – проблематичный таксон

Abstract: The Abyssinian pea (Pisum abyssinicum A. Br.), concerned in this review, is known from Ethiopia and Yemen, where it is cultivated along with the common pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum). The continuously reproduced notion of its possible spontaneous occurrence in the wild ascends to suppositions made in the XIX century and is not based on any actual data. P. abyssinicum is of practical interest owing to its extra early ripening and resistance to bacterial blight. Morphologically it is very similar to P. sativum but its crossability with it is bad as either seed or pollen parent. Traditionally this reproductive barrier was associated with karyological differences. The Abyssinian pea karyotype is variable as 1–2 reciprocal translocations were reported. At the same time there are accessions not differing from the standard karyotype of P. sativum with respect to reciprocal translocations, yet their crossability with the latter is very low and the pollen fertility of F1 and F2 hybrids is lowered. Data were reported on influence of the region of Linkage Group III, containing a gene known to participate in the conflict of nucleus and plastids in remote crosses of peas, on the pollen fertility of hybrids with abyssinian pea. With their karyological variability, the known accessions of the Abyssinian pea are very close to each other genetically, as they diverged just about 4000 years ago. The presence of alleles of molecular markers common with Pisum fulvum Sibth. et Smith on the one hand and P. sativum L. subsp. elatius (Bieb.) Schmalh. on the other hand evidences in favour of an old hypotheses by L.I. Govorov that the Abyssinian pea originated from their spontaneous hybrid. This spontaneous cross may have taken place under cultivation, in Yemen or Afar Depression. A representative of P. sativum subsp. elatius was revealed, the F1 hybrids of which with the Abyssinian pea as a seed parent had fully fertile pollen. P. abyssinicum× P. fulvum crosses provide the best hybrid seed outcome among remote crosses conducted, so that P. abyssinicum can be used as a ‘bridge’ for gene introgression from P. fulvum to P. sativum. Rather a high evel of reproductive isolation of the Abyssinian pea from other representatives of the genus conforms the biological species concept, however the disposition of P. abyssinicum accessions as a small cluster among accessions of P. sativum subsp. elatius on molecular phylogeny reconstructions violates the phylogenetic species concept. Most authors assume the Abyssinian pea as a species, Pisum abyssinicum, some as a subspecies, P. sativum subsp. abyssinicum (A. Br.) Berger. Perhaps it would be most correct to consider it as a hybridogenic species. Because of the recent subsuming of the genus Pisum L. into the genus Lathyrus and with respect to the existing name Lathyrus abyssinicus A. Br. (a synonym of L. sativus L.), the Abyssinian pea is given a new name Lathyrus schaeferi (A. Braun) Kosterin nomen novum pro Pisum abyssinicum A. Braun), in honour of Hanno Schaefer, who substantiated the revision of tribe Fabeae by molecular reconstruction of its phylogeny. New combinations of Lathyrus sectio Pisum (L.) Kosterin combinatio nova and Lathurus fulvus (Sibthrop et Smith) Kosterin combinatio nova are proposed.

Genetic improvement of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) for low β-L-ODAP content

Abstract: Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a legume crop with great potential for global food security due to its exceptional tolerance to drought and flooding. The main limitation of this crop is the presence of the toxin β-L-oxalyl-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (β-L-ODAP) in its seeds and green tissues, which can cause paralysis in humans if grass pea is consumed over long periods. The objective of this study was to develop means to identify grass pea genotypes with reduced or zero seed β-L-ODAP content and to investigate the biosynthetic pathway of this compound in grass pea. To this end, collections of grass pea germplasm were screened for variation in seed β-L-ODAP levels. Considerable variation in β-L-ODAP levels was observed but no β-L-ODAP-free plants were identified. To increase the available variation for this trait, an EMS-mutagenised population was screened for low/zero-ODAP mutants. This mutant screen yielded 14 low-ODAP mutant lines, three of which were characterised using a mass spectrometry method, employing a stable-isotope-labelled isoform of β-L-ODAP as an internal standard. Both the development of the mass spectrometry method and the synthesis of the internal standard were performed for the purposes of this project. The three characterised lines yielded seed β-L-ODAP-contents below existing low-ODAP varieties, although none were β-L-ODAP-free. To further investigate the synthesis of β-L-ODAP, RNA was extracted from several tissues of grass pea and sequenced to create tissue specific transcriptomes. These were interrogated to identify candidate genes, which were tested using heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. One candidate gene of the BAHD-acyltransferase family was confirmed as an enzyme capable of catalysing the synthesis of β-L-ODAP. The identification of a set of low- ODAP mutants and the ODAP-synthase gene represent significant advances towards understanding the role of β-L-ODAP in grass pea and the development of grass pea genotypes free of this neurotoxin.

YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF RELAY CROPPED LATHYRUS (Lathyrus sativus) AS INFLUENCED BY SEED TREATMENT AND FOLIAR SPRAY OF NUTRIENTS UNDER RAINFED ECOLOGY OF CHHATTISGARH PLAIN

Abstract: YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF RELAY CROPPED LATHYRUS (Lathyrus sativus) AS INFLUENCED BY SEED TREATMENT AND FOLIAR SPRAY OF NUTRIENTS UNDER RAINFED ECOLOGY OF CHHATTISGARH PLAIN

Metabolomics Approach To Understand Mechanisms of β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Biosynthesis in Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

Abstract: A study was performed to identify metabolic processes associated with β-ODAP synthesis in grass pea using a metabolomics approach. GC–MS metabolomics was performed on seedlings at 2, 6, and 25 days after sowing. A total of 141 metabolites were detected among the three time points representing much of grass pea primary metabolism, including amino acids, carbohydrates, purines, and others. Principal component analysis revealed unique metabolite profiles of grass pea tissues among the three time points. Fold change, hierarchical clustering, and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analyses, and biochemical pathway ontologies were used to characterize covariance of metabolites with β-ODAP content. The data indicates that alanine and nitrogen metabolism, cysteine and sulfur metabolism, and purine, pyrimidine, and pyridine metabolism were associated with β-ODAP metabolism. Our results reveal the metabolite profiles in grass pea development and provide insights into mechanisms of β-ODAP accum...

Different acclimatization mechanisms of two grass pea cultivars to osmotic stress in in vitro culture

Abstract: Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume crop known from its tolerance to various abiotic stresses, especially drought. In this study, we investigated: (1) the response of grass pea seedlings to osmotic stress generated in vitro by polyethylene glycol (PEG); (2) potential drought acclimatization mechanisms of two polish grass pea cultivars. Grass pea seeds of two cultivars were sown on media containing different PEG concentrations (0, 5.5, 11.0 mM) and cultivated for 14 days in controlled conditions. Plants’ dry matter increased under osmotic stress (regardless of PEG concentration). In turn, the highest dose of PEG caused a reduction in seedling growth in both cultivars. Furthermore, PEG caused the peroxidase activity increase in whole seedlings and catalase (CAT) activity in roots. However, differences between cultivars were noted in: CAT activity in shoots; while phenols and anthocyanin content as well as electrolyte leakage in shoots and roots. In turn, in both tested genotypes, accumulation of proline increased in shoots under osmotic stress. Obtained results indicate that the examined plants, although belonging to the same species, differ in acclimatization processes leading to elevated tolerance to osmotic stress.

β-N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, L-homoarginine, and asparagine contents in the seeds of different genotypes Lathyrus sativus L. as determined by UHPLC-MS/MS

Abstract: Lathyrus sativus L. is considered one of the most promising calorie and protein sources for the vast, expanding populations living in drought-prone and marginalized areas of the world. This study was conducted to determine the β-N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), L-homoarginine, and asparagine content of a total of 173 Lathyrus sativus L. genotypes, of which 93 were collected under natural conditions in Antalya. The β-ODAP, L-homoarginine, and asparagine content of Lathyrus sativus L. genotypes ranged from 1.55 to 20.8 mg/g seeds, 1.35 to 11.64 mg/g seeds, and 0.59 to 5.22 mg/g seeds, respectively.

Diversity for vitamin and amino acid content in grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.)

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine vitamin A, B, C, b-carotene and amino acid profile in 18 genotypes and four grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) varieties which have low b-ODAP. Present results indicated that retinol, b-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothene, pyridoxine, folic acid and ascorbic acid ranged from 25.6 to 44.1 µg/kg; 240.8 to 410.1 µg/kg, 3.74 to 5.44; 1.86 to 2.76; 12.37 to 20.25; 14.43 to 22.41; 4.92 to 6.62; 4.04 to 6.77 and 33.4 to 58.2 mg/kg, respectively in seeds. In addition to, the amino acid profile of the genotypes differed significantly and total amino acid amounts were found to be 19.69 to 23.48 g/100 g seeds. A large and significant variation was observed among these genotypes with low b-ODAP content in respect to the quality of the nutrient content. This variability will be useful to breeders for utilization in grass pea improvement.

Effects of cadmium stress on seedlings of various rangeland plant species (Avena fatua L., Lathyrus sativus L., and Lolium temulentum L.): Growth, physiological traits, and cadmium accumulation

Abstract: A pot culture experiment was performed to study the effect of cadmium stress (Cd stress) on seedling growth, physiological traits, and remediation potency of Avena fatua, Lathyrus sativus, and Lolium temulentum. The seedlings of these native rangeland plant species were treated with 0, 2, 4, and 6 mM cadmium nitrate concentrations. Based on the results of analysis of variance (p < 0.05), the shoot height, shoot dry weight, root length, root dry weight, root: shoot ratio, total chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, and protein contentof A. fatua, L. sativus, and L. temulentum significantly decreased with increased cadmium concentrations. Generally, translocation factor (TF) and tolerance index (TI) decreased significantly as the concentration of cadmium increased. The maximum TF and TI of studied plants in various concentrations of Cd were observed in L. temulentum followed by L. sativus and A. fatua. The root concentration factor (RCF) values of all studied plants were higher than 1 under different...

Fatty acid characteristics of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) in an East Mediterranean environment

Abstract: Lathyrus sativus L., (grass pea) is an annual plant widely grown as a pulse crop and its dried seeds are harvested and consumed as human food since ancient times. This plant is also commonly grown for animal feed and forage. Grass pea seeds may represent a potential source of several important nutrients for human and animal nutrition. Fatty acid compositions of 173 different grass pea accessions have been studied. Present results indicate that total saturated fatty acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total fatty acids ranged from 295.72 to 436.94, 113.19 to 170.78, 127.39 to 179.39, 538.04 to 778.98 mg 100 g−1, respectively. In addition, unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and α-linolenic acid that are the main components of fatty acids ranged from 109.22 to 163.95,59.57 to 82.98, 16.18 to 30.38, and 45.56 to 71.59 mg 100 g−1, respectively.

The molecular basis for an ancient colour mutant in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)

Abstract: The classic A1 locus in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) was investigated by Bateson, Punnett, and Saunders in the early 20th century history of Mendelian genetics. The mutation, in the form of the pi...

Multivariate analysis of some species of the genus Lathyrus L. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) based on anatomical, micromorphological and macromorphological data

Abstract: Lathyrus L. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae), a cosmopolitan genus, has great significance in terms of food and agricultural areas. There are too few studies on the vegetative anatomy and the floral and foliar micromorphology of the genus. The present study is therefore carried out by means of multivariate cluster analysis (CA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on the basis of the anatomical, micromorphological as well as macromorphological characteristics of L. aureus (Steven) Bornm., L. czeczottianus Bassler (endemic to Turkey), L. inconspicuus L., L. pratensis L., and L. sphaericus Retz. assigned to this genus. This study is the first comprehensive report dealing with the vegetative anatomy and the petal, sepal and leaf epidermal micromorphology of these species. In general, the results of the current analysis clearly reveal the usefulness of these characters in inference of species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships.

Drought tolerance in some populations of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

Abstract: In Algeria, the genus Lathyrus is cultivated mainly for grain production (food) and also used as fodder (animal feed). Lathyrus sativus L. or grass pea has a good resistance to drought, salinity and flooding. However, its place is still very limited compared to that of other pulse crops. The objective of this study was the evaluation of 05 Algerian populations and 2 varieties of Lathyrus sativus under drought stress applied during the flowering stage. ANOVA analysis showed that water stress at flowering stage had a significant genotype effect for most traits and significant genotype x stress interaction for flowering date, number of pods, pods weight, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant. 21 Lat, 4Lat4-2 and 1Lat-1 genotypes having high performance for pod length, weight pod per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield and 1000-seed weight are more tolerant to drought.

Morphological, anatomical and karyological investigations of the Turkish endemic species Lathyrus woronowii Bornm. (Fabaceae)

Abstract: Lathyrus woronowii Bornm., an endemic species of Turkey, is threatened with extinction due to dam construction. It exists only in the Coruh valley, Artvin. This annual species is in the critically endangered (CR) category according to the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Its morphology, anatomy and karyology are studied here for the first time. A detailed description is given and the general appearance of the species has been drawn; cross sections from the stem and leaf have been taken and examined; and the diploid chromosome number (2n = 14) has been reported and illustrated for the first time.

Defining free amino acid contents of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) genotypes in Turkey

Abstract: Free amino acid contents, including Arginine (Arg), Aspartic acid (Asp), Glutamic acid (Glu), Proline (Pro), Methionine (Met), Tyrosine (Tyr), Leusine + Isoleucine (Leu + Ile) and Phenylalanine (Phe) of 173 different Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) genotypes were studied. Arg was the most fluctuated and at the same time it gave the highest and the lowest yielded free amino acids among the all genotypes, ranging from 0.10 to 506.85 mg g−1. However, regarding to the mean values, Glu is having the highest levels with 311.61 mg g−1 among the all. This study provides an additional data for this field of work and seems to be unique.

Genetic variability for yield and its components in Lathyrus under different environment

Abstract: Diversity among 16 lathyrus genotype was assessed for various agronomic traits under four environments viz., irrigated & timely sown, non-irrigated & timely sown, non-irrigated with late sown and irrigated with late sown environment. The analysis of variance and genotypic correlation coefficient of variation revealed the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability for the characters studied over pooled. The heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as percent of mean was highest for seed yield plot-1 and lowest for plant height.

Effect of chemical and mechanical scarification on germination of lathyrus seeds

Abstract: EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL SCARIFICATION ON GERMINATION OF LATHYRUS SEEDS Rajesh D. Gadewar1, Vandana S. Madke2 and Vipin B. Babhulkar3 1Sewadal Mahila Mahavidyalay and Research Academy, Nagpur. 2Department of Botany, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. 3Department of Agril. Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. ABSTRACT Five genotypes of Lathyrus were sown during 2015. The seeds after harvesting, threshing and processing were evaluated for their hardseedness dormancy. The findings of the present study indicate that concentrated sulphuric acid, hot water, sand scarification and hot air oven methods are e ffective for reducing hardseedness in Lathyrus. All the above mentioned treatments showed injuries effect to the seed embryo by increasing the dead seeds and abnormal seedlings except concentrated sulphuric acid treatment. In general concentrated sulphuric acid treatment for seconds have been found most effective for breaking seeds coat dormancy and also significantly highest germination pe rcentage compared to the above mentioned treatments undertaken in the present investigation.

Characteristics of plant accessions faba bean (Vicia faba), vetching (Lathyrus sp.) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) with local origin

Abstract: Faba bean and chickpeas are old traditional crops in Bulgaria with various uses. The seeds from these crops were used mainly for human consumption and feed for farm animals. The grass pea was used mainly for grain and green fodder. The aim of this study is to make agrobiological characteristics of collectioned populations and forms from faba bean, chickpeas and grass pea with local origin. The evaluation of accessions was carried out at the experimental field of the IPGR – Sadovo during the period 2010 – 2011 after a wheat predecessor on cinnamon-forest soil. All accessions of faba bean, chickpeas and grass pea were included in ex situ collections and were evaluated in accordance with the international descriptors. Valuation characteristics of local plant genetic resources of chickpeas, faba beans and grass pea are show great diversity and range of variation in the studied parameters, which gives wide possibilities for their use. Faba bean is with the widest range of variation in all characteristics, followed by grass pea, as chickpea is with most narrow one. Local plant genetic resources are valuable donors to the selection and are the basis of creating cores collections. The received results are part from one systematic study of grain legumes collection with Bulgarian origin. The next stage of the investigation includes creation of a database from local PGR and issuing of on-line catalog.

Application of CAPS markers for diversity assessment in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.).

Abstract: Abstract Genetic diversity among 20 Lathyrus sativus L. accessions from Ethiopia was investigated by using Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers. Genetic diversity statistics showed presence of a moderate level of genetic variation in the analysed accessions (P = 69.77%, Hs = 0.278). Analysis of genetic differentiation showed existence of a low level of differentiation between accessions, which accounted for only 7% of the total variation and most of the variation was due to differences among individuals within accessions (93%). Both cluster and principal coordinate analyses revealed minimal grouping of accessions based on geographical origin implying that local varieties of grass pea with different genetic backgrounds were distributed among various administrative regions in Ethiopia. The CAPS markers employed in our study demonstrated the utility of such markers for genetic diversity assessment in grass pea.

Total and Partial Substitution of the Local Grass Pea Seed Lathyrus sativa Processed by Different Methods by Soy Bean Meal Glycine max in Small Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Diets

Abstract: This experiment was carried out in the laboratories of fish and animal resource centeragricultural research directorate from 1/3-30/6/2015 to study the possibility of improving the nutritional value of local grass pea seeds Lathyrus sativa (GPS) by degradation of anti-nutritional factor and using it as protein source for common carp Cyprinus carpio L. diets. Three different treatments for GPS meal, fermented, germinated and soaking (GPS) were used as partial or total replacement of soybean meal (SBM) for practical diets of common carp Cyprinus carpoi L. ration. Thirteen experimental diets were formulated, the diets 1, 2 and 3 were used crud GPS without any treatment at the substitute ratio 33%, 66% and 100% of (SBM), the diets 4, 5 and 6 contained fermented GPS at the same substitute ratio. The diets 7, 8 and 9 were germinated GPS at the same substitute ratio. The diets 10, 11 and 12 were soaking GPS at the same substitute ratio and diet 13 for control without GPS. The results showed no significant differences between control treatment (T 13) without GPS and soaking at substitution ratio 33% and 66% (T 10 and T 11), which were significantly differed (P<0.05) with other treatments. Thereby, it is recommended soaking GPS and at substitute 33% and 66% of SBM for common carp diets. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.3.16]