Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 1977"

Sex Attractants for Male Lepidoptera

Abstract: About one hundred of unsaturated long straight chain compounds (C10-C18) containing a terminal hydroxyl or acetoxyl group were synthesized and their attractiveness to male Lepidoptera were tested in various environments. In this screening test, male insects of ninety- three species which belong to fifteen families were attracted specifically. It was indicated that monoene alcohols and acetates constitute a main group of sex pheromones of the Lepidoptera being native in Japan. Discussions are made on the structure-activity relationship in the attractants and on the chemical structural features of components, which are expected to be present commonly in the certain family, namely, Torticidae, Noctuidae etc.

Response of both sexes of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to virgin females and to synthetic pheromone

Abstract: . 1. Male and female Trichoplusia ni were caught at three locations in California in 1974 and 1975, in traps baited with virgin female T. ni or with synthetic female pheromone. 2. 71% of the females were captured between 20.00 and 21.00 hours; only 22% of the males. 3. Both mated and unmated females were trapped. 4. Comparisons of live trap vs. dead trap catches suggest that females are responding to the virgin females (or synthetic pheromone) and not to a combination of stimuli from the first trapped males plus female pheromone.

Developmental Polymorphism in Choristoneura spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract: C. viridis Freeman, C. occidcntalis Freeman, and C. fumiferana (Clemens), exhibited 6, 7, and 8; 5, 6, and 7; and 6 and 7 larval instars, respectively, when reared on artificial diets. Males exhibited fewer instars than females. Head capsule width data for all 3 species support the developmental polymorphism hypothesis. A change in nutritional quality influenced the proportions of larvae with varying numbers of instars, but did not appreciably influence the kinds of resulting instar groups within a given species.

Sex pheromone responses of choristoneura spp. and their hybrids (lepidoptera: tortricidae)

Abstract: Field studies in Ontario, Oregon, and California on interspecific attraction and inhibition among the coniferophagous species of Choristoneura (the spruce budworm and its allies) confirmed specific pheromonal differences among the species Of the three species that are mutually attractive and whose males are attracted by blends of trans - and cis -11-tetradecenal, C fumiferana , C biennis , and C occidentalis , catches of C fumiferana males in traps baited with C fumiferana females were significantly reduced by the presence of females from a second group in which it is believed the females produce trans -11-tetradecenyl acetate Catches of C occidentalis males by C occidentalis females were not affected in this way F 1 hybrids and backcrosses between an aldehyde-producing species and an acetate-producing species produced females that were attractive to males of one or other of the parent species, although some females were not attractive to either Individual females never attracted males of both parent species, and of those that were attractive, more were attractive to males of the aldehyde species than to males of the acetate species The results suggest sex-controlled inheritance and expression

Sensory Efficacy of Alkyl-Branched Pheromone Analogues in Noctuid and Tortricid Lepidoptera

Abstract: Abstract The effect of introducing alkyl substituents (methyl to pentyl) to the chain segment n in long-chain alkenyl acetates, CH3(CH2)nCH = CH(CH2)m-O-COCH3 (I), was investigated in pheromone receptors of Noctuidae, Tortricidae, and Cochylidae species. The receptor types studied were maximally responsive to (Z)-7-or (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-, (Z)-9-, or (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, or (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, representing key compounds with n = 1, n = 3, or n = 5 methylene groups. In terms of the relative stimulus amounts required to elicit equivalent EAG amplitudes, the efficacy of the alkyl-branched derivatives was between 1/1000 to 300 times that of the unbranched chain of the same length and double bond position. The effects of branching were specific to the type of receptor, the length and double bond position of the parent chain, and the kind and position of the alkyl substituent. The most pronounced increase observed occurred with receptors for « = 1 type pheromones, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (Z) -11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate when an α-methyl group was introduced to elongated derivatives; whereas the greatest decreasing effects were obtained on receptors for the n = 5 type compound, (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate. The results show basic differences in structure-response relationships between the Noctuidae vs Tortricidae receptors studied. Various possible effects of the substituent groups during sensory transduction are considered. The data should contribute to further elucidation of interaction mechanisms of unbranched alkenyl acetate pheromones (I) with insect olfactory receptors.

Investigative studies of dermatitis caused by larva of brown-tail moth, euproctis-chrysorrhoea l (lepidoptera, lymantriidae) .4. further characterization of skin reactive substances

Abstract: This study attempts to evaluate the possible pathogenic role of phospholipase A2 and of proteolytic c.q. esterolytic enzyme(s) recently shown to be associated with the skin irritating nettling hairs ofEuproctis chrysorrhoea caterpillars.

Biology of Podosesia (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with Description of a New Species from North America

Abstract: Podosesia aureocincta Purrington and Nielsen is a sibling of P. syringae , the lilac borer. It is distinguished from the latter species by its larger and smoother egg, by larval crochet reductions, and by its later adult flight period. Larvae bore in the wood of living ash trees and overwinter as 2nd instars, whereas P. syringae larvae overwinter as final instars. The synthetic sex attractant used successfully to capture male P. syringae is ineffective for P. aureocincta , suggesting that sex pheromone divergence has occurred.

Histophysiological studies on the corpus allatum during prepupal diapause in Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera)

Abstract: The appearance of the corpus allatum, the central endocrine gland of diapause, was examined histologically in the slug moth prepupae, Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera) Before beginning of diapause, the secretory cells of the corpus allatum increase in size with the enrichment of the cytoplasm in quantity and in number of organelles, while RNA synthesis also starts. As diapause progresses, the secretory cells have many large unstained vacuoles in the cytoplasm, which were demonstrated to contain some substances of lipoidal nature. It is not clear that the substance is juvenile hormone itself or a material related to juvenile hormone. Agranular ER is the most characteristic organelle connected with mitochondria and situated around the vacuoles during diapause. Electron micrographs show that agranular ER and mitochondria have an essential role for the production of juvenile hormone. The function of the corpus allatum during diapause and the relationship between juvenile hormone and diapause are discussed.

The scales as a releaser of the copulation attempt in Lepidoptera

Abstract: The iminoacid proline is of significant biological importance in water-stress resistance of diatoms and several higher plants [1]. To gain further insight into the function of proline accumulation in plant cells, some physicochemical properties of proline in aqueous solution have been investigated. Unusually high freezing-point depressions (expressed as 'osmoles' with the Knauer osmometer) have been observed in proline solutions of increasing concentrations. Figure 1 shows the molarity-osmole plot of proline in comparison with 4-hydroxyproline and glycine. With rising concentrations proline exhibits nonideality effects, which are uncommon for low-molecularweight substances. The measured activity of glyc~ne is expected and lower than its corresponding concentration, whereas the activity of proline becomes increasingly higher than its molarity and cannot be corrected by activity coefficients. 4-Hydroxyproline shows the same tendency, but a weaker effect. Likewise, only very dilute proline solutions were in agreement with the Raoult 's law when vapor-pressure depression was investigated (Hewlett Packard, vapor-pressure osmometer). Concentrations exceeding 0.04 M exhibited a nonideality effect, which is consistent with the freezing-point depressure curve. These results point out that increasingly concentrated proline solutions show deviations from ideality that are common for colloidal solutions [2]. It is assumed therefore that soluted proline forms 'polymers' by stepwise stacking and hydrophobic interaction of the pyrrolidine ring, the size of the associate depending on the proline concentration. Hydrophobic nonmicellar self-association is described for solutes of similar molecular structures [3]. In the proposed arrangement the hydrophilic carboxylic and imino groups are exposed to the ' outside' of the aggregate versus water. Such colloids alter the water structure much more by the water-binding capacity of their hydrophilic groups than by their colligative function [2, 4]. Thus, the assumed association model of proline could well explain the unexpected osmotic behavior. Further unusual properties of proline solutions are under investigation [5]. ,,[

REGURGITATION OF HOST‐PLANT OIL FROM A FOREGUT DlVERTlCULUM IN THE LARVAE OF MYRASCIA MEGALOCENTRA AND M. BRACTEATELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE)

Abstract: Liirvae of two members of the genus Mjwscicz are shown to be exceptional in the Lepidoptera in possessing it diverticulum of the foregut. In their diverticula are stored oils which are separated virtually unchanged from the food plants. These oils itre regurgitated when the larvae are mechanicnlly irritated, a form of behaviour which is probably defensive.

A study of some north american larvae of the genus tetralopha zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae: epipaschiinae)

Abstract: The larvae of Tetralopha web leaves of many kinds of trees and shrubs. A key to nine North American species is included, with descriptions of the last instar larvae. The species considered are Tetralopha robustella Zeller, T. militella Zeller, T. expandens Walker, T. aplastella Hulst, T. asperatella Clemens, T. vacciniivora Munroe, T. euphemella Hulst, T. scortealis Lederer, and T. baptisiella Fernald.