Showing papers on "Lepidoptera genitalia published in 2006"
TL;DR: Identification of morphologically indistinct specimens, such as immature life stages, that are frequent and unstable are critical to biosecurity.
Abstract: Reliable and rapid identification of exotic pest species is critical to biosecurity. However, identification of morphologically indistinct specimens, such as immature life stages, that are frequent...
152 citations
TL;DR: In a preliminary phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated 7 protein coding genes, A. honmai, an apoditrysian tortricid moth joined basally within the monophyly of Lepidoptera, supporting its relationship with other more derived species including obtectomeran Ostrinia species.
136 citations
TL;DR: Demography of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two pyralid host species [Galleria mellonella (L.) and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller] was studied at 28°C in the laboratory to take both sexes and variable development into consideration.
Abstract: Demography ofHabrobraconhebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two pyralid host species (Galleria mellonella (L.) and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied at 28C in the laboratory. Data were analyzed based on an age-stage, two-sex life table, to take both sexes and variable development into consideration. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), Þnite rate of increase (), net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate (GRR), and mean generation time (T )o fH.hebetor onG.mellonella were 0.1520 d 1 , 1.1640 d 1 , 12.5 offspring, 50.1 offspring, and 16.8 d, respectively. These values were not signiÞcantly different from the values obtained for E. kuehniella, i.e., 0.1375 d 1 , 1.1473 d 1 , 11.9 offspring, 54.9 offspring, and 18.2 d. The life expectancy of anH.hebetor egg was 10.6 d on E. kuehniella and 10.4 d on G. mellonella. On both host species, the maximum reproductive value of female H. hebetor occurred on the 12th day.
70 citations
TL;DR: Allometry and genital size and shape variation in a dimorphic moth Selenia tetralunaria is studied and it is found that the genitalia showed negative allometry in relation to body size as reported in many insect and spider species.
Abstract: Insect genitals vary greatly among species and provide a key tool for species-level taxonomy. Insects differing in the genitalia are often treated as discrete, reproductively isolated species. This principle dates back to the lock-and-key hypothesis, which states that genitalia vary between species in order to provide a mechanical reproductive isolation system. Thus, the hypothesis assumes low within-species variability in genital traits. However, recent studies suggest that sexual selection may be responsible for the evolution of insect genitalia. We studied allometry and genital size and shape variation in a dimorphic moth Selenia tetralunaria. We found that the genitalia showed negative allometry in relation to body size as reported in many insect and spider species. This allometry was stronger in internal genital structures than it was in external genitalia. We also found that there was more variation in internal compared with external genitalia. Finally, we found that the shape of genital structures differed between morphs in all three examined areas. S. tetralunaria is among the first reported cases of genitally dimorphic insect species. Considerable variation in internal genitalia and especially the presence of genital shape differences between morphs were not consistent with the predictions of the lock-and-key hypothesis. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 87, 297–307.
53 citations
TL;DR: Experimental butterflies experiencing the reversed magnetic field oriented on average 180° opposite to their natural migratory direction, supporting the hypothesis of a sense for magnetic orientation cues.
40 citations
TL;DR: Effective conservation of native parasitoids will probably require the preservation and/or restoration of late successional habitats within the agricultural landscape.
40 citations
TL;DR: Bt maize was shown to be highly toxic to S. calamistis, which is polyphagous and occurs in mixed populations with other borer species with which it shares many parasitoid species in Africa.
Abstract: Bt maize, Zea mays L. (Poaceae) expressing Cry 1Ab insecticidal proteins was introduced for control of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in South Africa after its development for control of crambid borers in North America. In the light of the reportedly lower toxicity of Bt maize to certain Noctuidae borers, the effect of Bt maize was evaluated on Sesamia calamistis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The characteristic larval behaviour of S. calamistis may result in reduced exposure to Bt toxin and subsequent high levels of survival. Larvae do not feed on plant whorls like other borer species but penetrate stems directly from behind leaf sheaths where eggs are laid. Greenhouse and laboratory bioassays were done with three Bt maize hybrids and their iso-hybrids. ‘Whole plant methods’ were used and potted plants artificially infested with eggs or larvae and survival recorded over time. Larval survival was also determined on different plant parts (whorls, stems, tillers, and ears) over time. Bt maize was shown to be highly toxic to S. calamistis. No larvae survived longer than 12–18 days on Bt maize plants in any of the experiments. Adults did not differentiate between Bt and non-Bt plants in oviposition choice experiments. Sesamia calamistis is polyphagous and occurs in mixed populations with other borer species with which it shares many parasitoid species in Africa. The ecological impact of local extinction of S. calamistis caused by this highly effective transgenic event is therefore not expected to be great.
40 citations
TL;DR: Results suggesting partially dominant inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, are critically important for determining appropriate resistance management strategies that impact the sustainability of transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum.
Abstract: To evaluate resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins, adult female bollworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were collected from four light trap locations in two eastern North Carolina counties from August to October during 2001 and 2002. Females were allowed to oviposit, and upon hatching, 24 neonates from each female (F1 lines) were screened for survival and growth rate on each of three diets: non-Bt diet, diet containing 5.0 μg/ml Cry1Ac toxin, or diet containing 5.0 μg/ml Cry2Ab toxin. These screens were designed to identify nonrecessive Bt resistance alleles present in field populations of bollworm. Of 561 and 691 families screened with both Cry1Ac- and Cry2Ab-containing diets in 2001 and 2002, respectively, no F1 lines were identified that seemed to carry a gene conferring substantial resistance to either Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab. Adults from F1 lines with growth scores in the highest (R) and lowest (S) quartiles were mated in four combinations, RxR, SxR, RxS, and SxS. Differences in growth rates of larvae from these crosses demonstrated that there is substantial quantitative genetic variation in eastern North Carolina populations for resistance to both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins. These findings, in addition to results suggesting partially dominant inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, are critically important for determining appropriate resistance management strategies that impact the sustainability of transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.).
38 citations
TL;DR: It was determined that the susceptibility to Cry1Ac of the field populations sampled was not different from the baseline in 1997, and no movement toward resistance among H. armigera populations was apparent.
Abstract: Susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations to the Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) were monitored from 1997 to 2004 in China. During 2001–2004, 53 strains from the Bt cotton planting region were sampled. The range of concentration producing 50% inhibition of larval development to third instar (IC50) values among different populations in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 was 0.014–0.046, 0.010–0.062, 0.005–0.062, and 0.005–0.035 μg/ml, respectively. Diagnostic concentration studies (IC99) showed that the percentage of individuals reaching third instar ranged from 0 to 9.09%, with only four of the 53 tested populations showing values above 0%. Considering these data, it was determined that the susceptibility to Cry1Ac of the field populations sampled was not different from the baseline in 1997, and no movement toward resistance among H. armigera populations was apparent.
38 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Estimating populations of the bollworm and tobacco budworm in the Mississippi Delta found a decline in adult populations of H. virescens has been dramatic, especially over the last 5 years, and may be due to wide-scale plantings of Bt cotton.
Abstract: The bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), are major pests of many row crops throughout the United States. These pests annually cause economic damage to non-transgenic cotton across the mid-South of the United States. From 1986 through 2005, adult pheromone traps located in Washington County, Mississippi, were used to estimate populations of both species in the Mississippi Delta. From 1986 through 1996, moth captures for both species fluctuated yearly, but typically more moths of H. virescens were captured than H. zea. Since 1997 more moths of H. zea than of H. virescens were captured each year, and adult populations of both heliothines have declined annually. This decline in adult populations of H. virescens has been dramatic, especially over the last 5 years. The decline in H. virescens may be due to wide-scale plantings of Bt cotton. Other factors that may have impacted populations of H. virescens and H. zea in the Mississippi Delta are discussed.
TL;DR: Two new cell lines were initiated from the fat bodies of larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, in TNM-FH medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and were susceptible to the multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from S.Exigua.
TL;DR: P. xylostella is at least 300‐fold more susceptible to Pir toxins than other insect species tested, suggesting that they may not be broadly useful as insecticidal proteins.
Abstract: Genes encoding Pir toxins were cloned and sequenced from Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacteriaceae) strain Hm. Cultures of Escherichia coli expressing the Pir A and B proteins were highly toxic when fed to larvae of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), as had been reported previously. Histological examination of P. xylostella larvae fed with recombinant E. coli revealed gross abnormalities of the midgut epithelium, with profound swelling and shedding of the apical membranes. However, the recombinant E. coli had no effect on the growth or mortality of larval Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), or Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Based on these results, P. xylostella is at least 300-fold more susceptible to Pir toxins than other insect species tested, suggesting that they may not be broadly useful as insecticidal proteins. Because Pir B has sequence similarities with N-terminal portions of Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis , we also tested the recombinant E. coli against a strain of P. xylostella that is resistant to the Cry 1A toxin, but found no difference in mortality between resistant and susceptible strains.
TL;DR: In this paper, the morphology of the larvae and pupae of the Maculinea species is compared with that of the other European species, M. arion and M. nausitlzous.
Abstract: Ofthe four recognized Maculinea species that occur in Europe, three (M. teleius, M. nausitlzous, and M. alcon) are found on damp meadows, and may co-occur; sometimes their larval instars even occupy the same host ant nest. It is, therefore, important to be able to distinguish between the caterpillars of these species for effective conservation. We present the morphology of the larvae and pupae of these three species, and a simple key to their identification. Inter-specific differences among larvae and pupae, and within-species differences among larval instars, are underlined in order to enable their proper identification. The length, colour and distribution of bristles are considered the best features for species and instar identification. The morphology ofthe described species is compared with that of the other European species, M. arion.
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Combining molecular characters with morphological and behavioral characters improved identification of Dioryctria species and supported previous species group relationships.
Abstract: Species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are important pests of conifers, particularly in seed orchards, and accurate species identification is needed for effective monitoring and control. Variable forewing morphology and lack of species-specific genitalic features hinder identification, prompting the search for additional diagnostic characters. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase I and II genes (COI and COII) were obtained from specimens collected at lights, pheromone traps, and host plants in the Pacific Northwest, focusing on a U.S. Forest Service seed orchard in Chico, CA. A 475-bp fragment of COI was used to identify eight distinct genetic lineages from 180 Dioryctria specimens, and these were identified as eight described species. Comparisons among mtDNA variation, adult morphology, larval host association, and pheromone attraction were used to assign individuals to species groups and to identify diagnostic characters for species identification. A ...
TL;DR: It is shown that lines of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, being artificially selected for differences in egg size, show considerably reduced mating vigor and male mating success than control lines, which is attributed to presumed differences in the levels of inbreeding.
Abstract: Despite its acknowledged value for testing evolutionary theory, artificial selection is vulnerable to artifacts that are difficult to control. Here, we show that lines of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, being artificially selected for differences in egg size, show considerably reduced mating vigor and male mating success than control lines, which is attributed to presumed differences in the levels of inbreeding. Besides selection line, neither forewing length, body dry mass or fat content of males had a detectable impact on male mating performance. Because artificial selection may (e.g. due to inbreeding) yield inadvertent effects even on traits that seem not to be related to the target trait, their results should be interpreted with caution.
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Insects associated with Jatropha curcas, and Acalypha wilkesiana, have been identified and the species richness, diversity index and the similarly index between the paired plant species were calculated.
Abstract: Insects associated with Jatropha curcas, and Acalypha wilkesiana, have been identified. Insects found on the plants parts include Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Dictyoptera, Homoptera and Isoptera. The diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera are pollinators, The coleoptera and Homoptera are folivores while the Dictyoptera is a predator. The species richness, diversity index and the similarly index between the paired plant species were also calculated. The results of similarity and diversity indexes were influenced by the weather, which fluctuated during the period of study (July to November). The Hymenoptera was the most abundant order on Acalypha wilkesiana, accounting for 30.5%. Coleoptera was found to be most occurring on Jatropha curcas with 39.5% abundance.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: 143 species of Lepidoptera collected by the authors and others in various localities in Portugal are listed as additions to the Portuguese fauna.
Abstract: 143 species of Lepidoptera collected by the authors and others in various localities in Portugal are listed as additions to the Portuguese fauna. 26 of the ...
TL;DR: The combination of three forces appeared to have shaped this diversity: the main paleo-climatic events (successive dry and humid periods), the geological barriers, particularly the Rift Valley, and specialization on new host plants.
Abstract: Larvae of noctuid stem borers were collected from wild monocot plants in Eastern Africa, from Ethiopia to Mozambique, and reared to the adult stage. Three species of the African genus Manga Bowden 1956 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were found, all restricted to host plants of the family Poaceae. M. melanodonta (Hampson) was collected in stems of Panicum maximum Jacquin, Setaria megaphylla (Steudel) Th. Durand & Schinz and Setaria plicatilis (Hochstetter) Engler; M. nubifera (Hampson) stat. rev., and M. fuliginosa n. sp., were both found only in stems of P. maximum. The second species was in the past sunk with M. melanodonta as a synonym, but the present study shows its validity. Descriptions are given of the new species as well as of features not yet described of known species (female habitus and male and female genitalia of M. melanodonta and M. nubifera) and of the intraspecific morphological variation observed in the male genitalia. Larval morphology and life habits are described. Pictures of the a...
TL;DR: Results indicate that certain accessions of L. hirsutum and L. glabratum may be most appropriate for inclusion in a breeding program aimed at introducing trichome-based host plant resistance of wild Lycopersicon species into the tomato, further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms.
Abstract: Trichome-based host plant resistance of Lycopersicon species to potato moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), was examined in a laboratory bioassay. Neonate P. operculella were placed on the foliage of accessions of L. hirsutum, L. hirsutum f. glabratum, L. pennellii, L. cheesmanii f. minor and L. esculentum for 48 h. At the end of this period, larval mortality, the numbers of larvae emigrating from, and mining into, the leaf surface were recorded as were leaf area and the densities of trichomes. Analysis by categorical logistic regression found accessions differed in levels of resistance to P. operculella (P < 0.001). Further analysis using generalised linear models showed mortality was associated with high densities of type VI and low densities of type V trichomes; emigration from the leaf was associated with high densities of type I and type VII trichomes; and the numbers of mines associated with low densities of type I and type VI trichomes and increased leaf area. Although results indicate that certain accessions of L. hirsutum and L. hirsutum f. glabratum may be most appropriate for inclusion in a breeding program aimed at introducing trichome-based host plant resistance of wild Lycopersicon species into the tomato, further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms.
01 Jan 2006
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, eight artificial diets, modified from different formulas, and one host plant, Liquidambar formosana Hance, were used to feed Lymantria xylina caterpillars.
Abstract: Abstract Lymantria xylina Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is a serious defoliator of hardwood and fruit trees in Taiwan. The larvae of L. xylina feed on >63 species of host plants, belonging to 29 families. Because a large number of larvae are needed for the production of nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) or other related studies, the development of a suitable artificial diet is very important for the mass rearing of this moth in the laboratory. In this study, eight artificial diets, modified from different formulas, and one host plant, Liquidambar formosana Hance, were used to feed L. xylina caterpillars. Through various bioassays (first instar survival trial and long- and short-term feeding trials), the most suitable diet for the L. xylina was selected by performance comparisons with L. formosana. After the first instar survival trial, two of the diets were discarded, because no larva survived on these diets. The results of the long-term feeding trial indicated that the larvae grew successfully on only three kinds of artificial diet. Finally, results of the short-term feeding trial revealed that a diet (diet A), modified from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), formula diet, was the most appropriate for the L. xylina. Larvae fed on diet A had better survival rate, pupal weight, adult size, efficiency of conversion, and relative growth rate than larvae fed on other diets; they did not grow as well as those fed on L. formosana, however, except for pupal and adult weight, and approximate digestibility. In summary, diet A was found to be the best of the artificial diets for the L. xylina and is suitable for mass rearing of this moth in the laboratory.
TL;DR: Pesticide application reduced densities of all stemborer species during the short rainy season, when infestations were high, and the effect was less pronounced in the protected plots.
Abstract: The effect of nitrogen levels of 0, 60, 120, and 250 kg/ha and insecticide treatment (Furadan) on population densities and parasitism of lepidopteran stemborers, and maize yields were studied in Zanzibar during 2004/05. Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) dominated by 3-fold over Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and 42 fold over Chilo orichalcociliellus Strand (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Stemborer density per plant and parasitism by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) increased with nitrogen application level. Percentage of bored internodes per plant caused by stemborer decreased with N levels during the short rainy season. Pesticide application reduced densities of all stemborer species during the short rainy season, when infestations were high. Maize yield increased 2 to 8 times with N level, compared to the zero treatment, but the effect was less pronounced in the protected plots.
TL;DR: In general, reduction in crop damage was achieved with LastCall at low-to-moderate population densities of the three species, such as typically occurs in the fall in central Alabama, but not in the spring when high P. rapae population pressure typically occurs.
Abstract: The three key lepidopteran pests of cole, Brassica oleracea L., crops in North America are diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae); cabbage looper; Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); and imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Two species-specific pheromone-based experimental attracticide formulations were evaluated against these pests: LastCall DBM for P. xylostella and LastCall CL for T. ni. No LastCall formulation was available against P. rapae. Laboratory toxicity experiments confirmed the effectiveness of each LastCall formulations in killing conspecific males that made contact. In replicated small plots of cabbage and collards in central Alabama, over four growing seasons (fall 2003, spring 2004, fall 2004, and spring 2005), an attracticide treatment receiving the two LastCall formulations, each applied multiple times at the rate of 1,600 droplets per acre, was compared against Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kursatki (Bt) spray at action threshold and a negative untreated control. Efficacy was measured by comparing among the three treatments male capture in pheromone-baited traps, larval counts in plots, and crop damage rating at harvest. LastCall provided significant reductions in crop damage comparable to Bt in three of the four seasons. Efficacy of LastCall was dependent upon lepidopteran population densities, which fluctuated from season to season. In general, reduction in crop damage was achieved with LastCall at low-to-moderate population densities of the three species, such as typically occurs in the fall in central Alabama, but not in the spring when high P. rapae population pressure typically occurs in central Alabama. Significant reductions in pheromone trap captures did not occur in LastCall plots, suggesting that elimination of males by the toxicant (permethrin), rather than interruption of sexual communication, was the main mechanism of effect.
TL;DR: The S. exigua female fecundity was influenced by the host plant which was fed during the larval stage, and the female pupal weight was heavier when larvae were fed on shallot than on cabbage and lady's finger, whilst long beans was intermediate.
Abstract: This study has shown that the S. exigua female fecundity was influenced by the host plant which was fed during the larval stage. The number of eggs laid by the female when larvae were fed on shallot was higher than lady's finger. Whereas S. exigua reared on cabbage and long beans laid intermediate number of eggs. Further, the female pupal weight was also influenced by the host plant which was fed during the larval stage. The female pupal weight was heavier when larvae were fed on shallot than on cabbage and lady's finger, whilst long beans was intermediate. Furthermore, there are significant relationships between female pupal weight and adult fecundity. © 2006 Academic Journals Inc.
TL;DR: Spathodea campanulata was rapidly colonized by folivorous Lepidoptera communities with species richness and dominance structure indistinguishable from the assemblages feeding on native hosts, despite its phylogenetic isolation from the native vegetation.
Abstract: Aim This analysis of moth (Lepidoptera) communities colonizing an alien tree invading secondary rain forest vegetation in Melanesia examines the predictability of insect herbivorous communities across distances of tens to thousands of km and the effect of dispersal barriers on community composition in the tropics. Location Six secondary rain forest sites were studied within four equidistant yet distinct geographic areas of the New Guinea mainland and the Bismarck Archipelago, including two watershed areas (Madang and Sepik) on mainland New Guinea and the adjacent large island of New Britain and small island of Unea. Methods The analysis is based on feeding records obtained by quantitative sampling and rearing of caterpillars from the alien host Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae). It examines the variation in Lepidoptera community composition at six study sites distributed on three adjacent islands ranging in size from 30 to 865,000 km 2 . Results Spathodea campanulata was colonized by 54 folivorous species of Lepidoptera. Most of them were generalists, feeding on > 1 native plant family. However, the three most abundant species representing 83% of all individuals (Acherontia lachesis, Hyblaea puera complex and Psilogramma menephron) were relatively host specific, feeding predominantly on a single native family that is not the Bignoniaceae. Most of the 23 species analysed in detail had a wide geographic distribution, including 13 species spanning the entire 1000-km study transect. While the Lepidoptera in two New Guinea areas 280 km apart were similar to each other, there was a discontinuity in species composition between New Guinea and the smaller islands. However, no negative effect of small islands on species richness was detected. Main conclusions Spathodea campanulata was rapidly colonized by folivorous Lepidoptera communities with species richness and dominance structure indistinguishable from the assemblages feeding on native hosts, despite its phylogenetic isolation from the native vegetation. Although most species were generalists, the highest population densities were reached by relatively specialized species, similar to the communities on native hosts. The species turnover across distances from 10 to 1000 km was relatively low as most of the species had wide geographic ranges.
01 Apr 2006
TL;DR: A specific PCRRFLP tool was designed that distinguishes between the two species at the egg stage itself, thus, influencing pest control options significantly, especially in areas and crops where the two may occur simultaneously.
Abstract: The genus Helicoverpa comprises of 2 species in India—H. armigera and H. assulta. This paper compares partial CO-1 sequences of the two-field-collected species with a laboratory strain of H. armigera and Drosophila yakuba whose entire mitochondrial genome has been sequenced. The region sequenced in the study corresponds to 2111 to 2601 bp sequence of D. yakuba mitochondrial genome, i.e mid to near terminal segment of the CO-I region. When analyzed, at least 18 nucleotide and 8 amino acid substitutions were observed between the two species. Using this information, a specific PCRRFLP tool was designed that distinguishes between the two species at the egg stage itself, thus, influencing pest control options significantly, especially in areas and crops where the two may occur simultaneously.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Se hace un estudio de la quetotaxia de las patas anales de dieciseis especies de Lepidoptera pertenecientes a once familias, basandose en lo establecido.
Abstract: Resumen es: Se hace un estudio de la quetotaxia de las patas anales de dieciseis especies de Lepidoptera pertenecientes a once familias, basandose en lo establecido...
TL;DR: The Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera, Gracillarioidea) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador are reported, with nine new species or subspecies described and illustrated.
Abstract: The Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera, Gracillarioidea) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Ten species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera, Gracillarioidea) have been found so far on the Galapagos Islands. In addition to Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, reported elsewhere, nine new species or subspecies are described and illustrated: Acrocercops serrigera galapagosensis ssp. n. (reared from Waltheria ovata Cav., Sterculiaceae), Caloptilia dondavisi sp. n. (reared from Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Leguminosae), Caloptilia galacotra sp. n., Caloptilia cruzorum sp. n. (reared from Galactia sp., Leguminosae), Cryptolectica lazaroi sp. n. (reared from Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gartn. and Ageratum conyzoides L., Asteraceae), Dialectica galapagosensis sp. n. (reared from Macraea laricifolia Hook, f., Asteraceae), Dialectica sanctaecrucis darwini ssp. n., Neurostrota magnifica sp. n., and Neurostrota brunnea sp. n. A lectotype is designated for Acrocercops serrigera Meyrick.