Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1995"

Alasan, a new bioemulsifier from Acinetobacter radioresistens.

Abstract: Acinetobacter radioresistens KA53, isolated by enrichment culture, was found to produce an extracellular, nondialyzable emulsifying agent (referred to as alasan) when grown on ethanol medium in a batch-fed reactor. The crude emulsifier was concentrated from the cell-free culture fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation to yield 2.2 g of emulsifier per liter. Alasan stabilized a variety of oil-in-water emulsions, including n-alkanes with chain lengths of 10 or higher, alkyl aromatics, liquid paraffin, soybean and coconut oils, and crude oil. Alasan was 2.5 to 3.0 times more active after being heated at 100 degrees C under neutral or alkaline conditions. Emulsifying activity was observed over the entire pH range studied (pH 3.3 to 9.2), with a clear maximum at pH 5.0. Magnesium ions stimulated the activity both below (pH 3.3 to 4.5) and above (pH 5.5 to 9.3) the pH optimum. Alasan activity was higher in 20 mM citrate than in 20 mM acetate or Tris-HCl buffer. Preliminary chemical characterization of alasan indicated that it is a complex of an anionic, high-molecular-weight, alanine-containing heteropolysaccharide and protein.

Repellent and acaricidal properties of Ocimum suave against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks.

Abstract: An oil extracted from the leaves of a tropical shrub Ocimum suave was found to repel as well as kill all stages of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. In an in vitro bioassay for the larvae, the LC50 of the oil in liquid paraffin was 0.024%. A 10% solution was found to kill all immatures and more than 70% of adults feeding on rabbits. Rabbits were protected for 5 days against attaching larvae using a 10% solution. Preliminary experiments undertaken with cattle kept in the field suggest that the oil may have potential in tick control, and a role in integrated tick management.

Fluorescence spectroscopic identffication of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

Abstract: An attempt was made to study whether light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy could be exploited to discriminate premalignant and malignant tissues of hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis from normal tissues during a 16 week regimen of tri-weekly topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in liquid paraffin. Histologically, the DMBA-treated buccal mucosa showed hyperplastic changes at 4-6 weeks, papillomas at 8-10 weeks, early invasive carcinomas at 11-13 weeks and finally well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas at 14-16 weeks of treatment. Acetone extracts of these different staged tissues with age matched control tissues were excited at 405 and 420 nm and the emissions were scanned from 430 and 440 to 700 nm respectively. The spectral profiles of control and transformed tissues were found to be different, each displaying their own characteristic prominent maxima and other spectral marks. The spectra of transformed tissues showed characteristic peaks around 620-630 nm which did not appear in control tissues and the fluorescent intensities at 630 nm [FI(630)nm] were significantly increased from early stages onwards when compared to controls. The spectra of DMBA carcinomas developed at the 18th week after withdrawal of DMBA application at the 10th week and carcinoma extract spiked with DMBA confirmed the peak around 620-630 could be attributed only to porphyrin compounds accumulated in transformed tissues. Furthermore, the ratios of FI(520)nm/FI(630)nm of transformed tissues were also significantly decreased when compared to control tissues. This diagnostic test had a very close resemblance with respect to histological studies. These results suggest that this technique using conventional light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy may be useful for early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of oral cavity.

Effect of vehicles on diclofenac permeation across excised rat skin.

Abstract: The in vitro percutaneous permeation of diclofenac from various vehicles was examined using rat abdominal skin as a model membrane. The oleaginous vehicles used in this study consisted of three components: i.e. fatty acid, fatty acid ester and nonpolar oil. The solubilities of sodium diclofenac in formulated vehicles were above 0.2 M. The effect of each oleaginous component in the vehicle on the permeation of diclofenac across the skin was in the following order: oleic acid > isostearic acid, diisopropyl adipate = diethyl sebacate > Panasate 875 and squalane > liquid paraffin. To clarify the reason for the differences in permeation among the fatty acid esters, the release of diclofenac through either porous or lipoidal membranes from these vehicles in vitro and the solubility of sodium diclofenac in the vehicles were studied. However, no relationship was observed between the release rate or solubility and skin permeability. The skin permeation of diclofenac increased following pretreatment with diisopropyl adipate or diethyl sebacate, but not with middle chain triglyceride (Panasate 875). These results suggested that the main reason may be the enhancement effect of fatty acid esters. Emulsions and creams containing 3% sodium diclofenac were prepared using the above oleaginous vehicles. A large flux and short lag time were observed in these preparations compared with an aqueous suspension of sodium diclofenac. The incorporation of urea significantly enhanced the permeation of diclofenac from these preparations. These results suggest that the emulsion and cream prepared in this study are useful for development for practical purposes.

Paraffin Characteristics of Waxy Crude Oils in China and the Methods of Paraffin Removal and Inhibition

Abstract: The crude oil in which the wax content is more than 10% (w), nearly accounts for 90 percent of the total output of crudes in China. On the whole, for the waxy crudes in China, from eastern to western, the wax content in these crudes tends to decline and so does the pour point of these crudes. But for the eastern area in China, from the north to the south, there is an increasing tendency ofwax content and pour point of the crudes. Crudes with the wax content less than 15% (w) and pour point below 25°C are such crudes as Turpan-Hami Basin, Tarim Basin, Shanganing Basin etc. ; crudes with the wax content ranging from 15% to 25% (w), and pour point between 25°C to 35°C are such crudes as Daqin, Jilin, Dagang, Jidong, Huabei, Zhongyuan and Shengli etc. oilfields ; Crudes with wax content more than 25% (w) and pour point above 35°C are such crudes as Jiangsu, Nanyang, Baise etc. oilfields. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned regularities are not absolute. For example, the crude of Shenbei, Liaohe oilfield, contains wax up to 50% (w) and its pour point comes to 50°C or even higher, but it is a rare example. To compare the composition and structure of wax, although the wax content in the waxy crudes in eastern China is much more, the carbon-number (CN) of the wax is not very high, generally, in the range C13-C40, the CN distribution of wax analysed by GC (Gas Chromatography), appears only one peak area, and the wax in its structure has some branch degree analysed by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). While the crudes in western China, especially some crudes in Xinjiang area, such as Tuha (Turpan-Hami Basin), Taxinan, Huoyanshan crudes contain less wax content and have a lower pour point, but the CN of wax is relatively higher, the wax with CN in the range of C36-C70 nearly accounts for about 50% (w) of the total wax content. The CN distribution of the wax appears two peak areas on GC-photography (i.e. C13 - C35 peak area and C36 - C70 peak area). The structure of the wax is nearly like that of pure normal alkane without any branch in its molecular chain. In accordance with different wax content, water cut and pour point of a crude, it is needed to adopt different paraffin removing and inhibiting techniques to obtain the best economic benefit. For the oil wells with water cut below 50% (w), wax content less than 30% (w) and CN distribution ofthe wax in the range C13 - C40, good efficiency can be obtained by using chemical removing and inhibiting techniques (such as liquid paraffin remover or solid state paraffin inhibitor) ; for the wells with water cut more than 50% (w), the magnetic paraffin-inhibiting technique is generally more economic to apply ; For the wells with wax content more than 30% (w), and pour point higher than 40°C, whether more or less the water cut, the magnetic paraffin inhibiting technique is not a best choice, but the chemical paraffin remover and inhibitor or hot surfactive water (or hot oil) treatment or even thermochemical paraffin removing treatment should be adopted in this case ; for the wells with high CN wax, both the magnetic and pure chemical paraffin removing techniques are all invalid, the best economical choice is to apply chemical paraffin inhibitor or glass (or coating) linking tubing paraffin-inhibiting technique.

Foamy cosmetic for skin or hair

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a foamy cosmetic for the skin or hair capable of easily taken on a hand, having excellent use feeling and good storing stability. SOLUTION: This foamy cosmetic for the skin or hair contains 45-99wt.% of a liquid oil (e.g. liquid paraffin), 0.1-15wt.% dextrin fatty acid ester (e.g. dextrin palmitate), 0.1-20wt.% of a nonionic surfactant excepting the dextrin fatty acid ester (e.g. sorbitan monolaurate) and 0.01-20wt.% water. A propellant (e.g. isopentane) and the above obtained raw liquid in a weight ratio of the former/the latter of (2/98)-(20/80) are filled in a pressure-resistant vessel, etc. This cosmetic containing the raw liquid and the propellant becomes a good foamy state when propelled in the use and readily be coated without dropping the liquid. This cosmetic can be used variously by suitably selecting an addition component according to the purpose of makeup. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

A study of alkylthiomethylbenzotriazoles as multifunctional lubricating oil additives

Abstract: Three new oil-soluble alkylthiomethylbenzotriazoles were synthesised with the reaction of 1-chloromethylbenzotriazole and sodium alkyl mercaptan in iso-propanol at room temperature for 12 h. Their load-carrying capacity and friction and wear properties when added to liquid paraffin were then evaluated using a Seta-shell four-ball machine. Their thermal stability in static air was examined by DSC analysis, and their friction reduction and antiwear mechanisms were investigated using XPS and AES analysis.

Characterization Of Ibuprofen Loaded Microcapsules Prepared By Ionotropic Gelation

Abstract: Calcium-induced freeflowing, spherical, smooth surfaced alginate microcapsules of ibuprofen were prepared by lonotropic gelation method. The preparation is based on dispersion of sodium alginate ibuprofen mixture in liquid paraffin followed by incurring coating process by calcium chloride as curing agent. Sodium alginate concentrations influenced the mean diameter, recovery, encapsulation efficiency, wall thickness, size distribution and release characteristics of the microcapsules. SEM, Polarizing microscopy, powder x-ray analysis and IR spectral analysis of microcapsules were also conducted.

Hair-treating agent, hair treatment and emulsion for treating hair

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a hair-treating agent excellent in the stability of a main agent, good in touch and excellent in preservability, and further to obtain an emulsifier for treating hair. CONSTITUTION: The first agent comprises a W/O type emulsion prepared by adding a main agent (e.g. an oxidation dyestuff), an oily component (e.g. liquid paraffin), and an emulsifier (e.g. a surfactant) to water. The second agent comprises an agent for converting the emulsion into an O/W type emulsion, when mixed with the first agent, or/and for decomposing the emulsion state of the W/O type emulsion. A reducing agent may be added to the first agent, and a thickening agent may be added to one or both of the first agent and the second agent. The first and second agents are mixed with each other and subsequently coated on hair. Since the main agent in the hair- treating agent is contained in the inner phase of the W/O type emulsion on storage, the main agent is substantially not oxidized. Since components such as an alkali agent are contained in the inner phase, the corrosion of the container can be prevented, and the generation of an offensive odor can be reduced. The mixture of the first agent with the second agent on the employment of the hair-treating agent facilitates the impregnation of the main agent into the hair, and the main agent can easily be washed off.

Prolonged Release Multiple Emulsion Based System Bearing Rifampicin: In Vitro Characterisation

Abstract: Multiple emulsions containing rifampicin were prepared and evaluated for in vitro characterisation. The effect of pH of internal and external aqueous phase on in vitro release profile of rifampicin from multiple emulsions were studied. The partition coefficient of rifampicin between internal aqueous phase (at variable pH) and liquid paraffin (oily phase) was estimated and its effect on the release profile was elucidated.

Prolonged Release Of Rifampicin From Internal Phase Of Multiple W/O/W Emulsion Systems

Abstract: Release rates of Rifampicin encapsulated in the internal aqueous phase of w/o/w emulsion stabilized by the gelling of the external phase (w/o/gel) were measured as the function of two formulation variables-The oil phases and internal phase volume. The release rate was significantly affected by the nature of the oil phase and decreased in the order of isopropyl myristate (IMP) > sesame oil > liquid paraffin, which was mainly due to maximum and minimum partition coefficient of drug in these phases respectively. The release rate of rifampicin from w/o/gel system was very prolonged. The release was enhanced with increasing in the volume of inner aqueous phase. These results show the utility of the w/o/gel type double emulsions for sustained release preparations and raise the possibility of control of drug release from the double emulsion system.

Percutaneous absorption type antiinflammatory and analgesic plaster

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare a transdermal absorption type antiinflammatory analgesic plaster excellent in percutaneous absorption, reduced in physical irritation such as cuticle dissection and hair-tearing, shows systemic effect and no adverse action found in oral preparation. CONSTITUTION: This plaster is obtained by heating and melting each component of a sticky adhesive comprising 20-60wt.% of a softener (liquid paraffin), 1-25wt.% of a tackifier (rosin), 10-50wt.% of a rubber component (styrene- isoprene-styrene block-copolymer), mixing flurbiprofen, casting on a substrate, laminating with a liner and cutting into a desired form. Flurbiprofen is an acidic non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent having a strong antiinflammatory analgesic effect and contained 40mg per sheet (136cm 2 , 12g). The plaster can manifest very effective antiinflammatory analgesic action even in the inflammation to which the topical application is difficult. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

New lotion is water-oil emulsion compsn. contg. corticosteroid

Abstract: Corticosteroid-contg. water/oil lotions contain fatty acid esters and/or fatty alcohols (1-30wt.%), liquid paraffin (1-30wt.%), glycerin or sorbitol soln. (70 wt.%; 1-10wt.%), corticosteroid (0.001-3wt.%), preservative (0-2.5wt.%), water (50-85wt.%) and (A), (B), (C) or (D). (A) is methoxypolyethyleneglycol-dodecylglycol copolymer (1-10wt.%); hydroxyoctasanyl-hydroxystearate (0.5-10wt.%); polyethyleneglycol/dodecylglycol copolymer (1-10wt.%); (B) is satd. glycerin-sorbitan fatty acid esters (0.5-10wt.%); polyoxyethylene-fatty acid esters (1-7.5wt.%); magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (0.1-2wt.%); (C) is polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-glycerin -sorbitan-hydroxyisostearate (0.5-10wt.%); polyoxyethylene-fatty acid ester (0.5-7.5wt.%); magnesium sulphate heptahydrate 0.1-2wt.%); (D) is glycerin-sorbitanoleostearate (0.5-7.5wt.%); polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester (0.5-10wt.%); magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (0.1-2wt.%).

The tribological behaviour of GCr15 bearing steel implanted with cerium

Abstract: The tribological behaviour of unimplanted and cerium ion implanted GCr15 bearing steel with three kinds of dosages was investigated with an SRV wear tester and dynamic-static friction precision measurement apparatus under dry friction conditions. The tribological behaviour of the samples was also evaluated under liquid paraffin lubrication. The test results showed that the wear resistance of the implanted specimens increased considerably with increasing implantation dose of cerium. Implanted ion cerium increased the wear resistance by 0.1–4.2 times under dry friction. The coefficient of friction decreased with increasing dose of cerium implantation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analytical results showed that cerium is present in Ce 4+ state on the rubbing surface of implanted specimen, and there is no cerium transfer from implanted specimen to friction counterpart. Therefore, it is supposed that the increasing wear resistance was due to the increasing cohesive strength of the oxide film.

Stretch-wrap film

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a stretch-wrap film having a layer of a composition containing a methyl-1-pentene polymer and a liquid saturated hydrocarbon, exhibiting excellent heat-resistance and tacky adhesiveness, having excellent handleability and useful as a domestic wrapping film heatable in a microwave oven CONSTITUTION:This stretch-wrap film has a thickness of preferably 5-30mum and has a layer of a composition containing (A) 99-70 ptswt (preferably 80-95 ptswt) of a methyl-1-pentene polymer (preferably 4-methyl-1-pentene polymer) and (B) 1-30 ptswt (preferably 5-20 ptswt) of a liquid saturated hydrocarbon (preferably a paraffinic or naphthenic process oil, white mineral oil, etc, having an initial boiling point of >=149 degC and a stop point of <=343 degC, especially preferably liquid paraffin) The film may be a multi-layer film having a propylene polymer layer and/or a butene-1 polymer layer

Sterilization by external treatment

Abstract: PURPOSE:To carry out external sterilization such as the treatment of dermatic diseases and the sterilization of general and medical supplies by using a composition containing a zinc compound and hinokitiol or its salt, exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity and having low toxicity and extremely weak side actions. CONSTITUTION:Skin, general goods and medical supplies are sterilized in high efficiency by externally applying a composition exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity, having low toxicity and extremely weak side actions and prepared by compounding (A) a zinc compound (e.g. zinc oxide), (B) hinokitiol or its salt and (C) an additive such as oils and fats (e.g. avocado oil, olive oil, coconut oil, beef tallow and lard), waxes (e.g. beeswax, spermaceti and lanolin), hydrocarbons (e.g. liquid paraffin, petrolatum, squalane and silicone oil), fatty acids (e.g. lauric acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid), higher aliphatic alcohols (e.g. cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol), fatty acid esters, polyhydric alcohols, etc.

Preparation and Characterization of Ethylcellulose-Walled Theophylline Microcapsules Using the Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Technique

Abstract: Ethylcellulose microcapsules containing theophylline are prepared by emulsification of a organic ethylcellulose solution in a oil phase containing a surfactant. The preparation is based on dispersion of acetone containing the drug in liquid paraffin. Tween 80 was used as a dispersing agent. Good reproducibility in microcapsule preparation was observed. The microcapsules obtained were uniform and free-flowing particles. The type of the stirring-manner (propella – and magnet – stirring), and the drug to polymer ratios have an important influence on the in vitro dissolution and release of theophylline from microcapsules.

Fiber web having flexibility and its production

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the method for producing the fiber web, capable of easily treating even a fiber web produced from paper disintegrable in water, by treating a fiber web produced from paper and nonwoven fabric with a processing agent not using water. CONSTITUTION:A method for producing a fiber web having flexibility comprises roll-coating a fiber web with 10.0-60.0wt.% of a processing chemical agent suitably containing a water-soluble polyhydric alcohol, a saccharide, liquid paraffin, a higher alcohol, squalane, lanoline, olive oil, a fatty acid ester, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, etc. A fiber web produced by adding 0.05-1.0wt.% of a p-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl ester (alkyl group is 1-4C) and/or benzalkonium chloride to the fiber web for preventing the multiplication of bacteria, molds, etc., after the processing, and a method for producing the same. Since the fiber web can give good moisture retainability and flexibility to skins by using the fiber web for wiping the skins, the fiber web is also useful for the recovery of an injured skin.

Production of porous hollow yarn membrane

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a porous hollow yarn membrane which has sufficient gas exchangeability and is free from plasma leakage is spite of long-term use by melting a kneaded mixture composed of polypropylene(PP), org. filter and crystal nucleus forming agent, discharging the melt to a hollow shape and solidifying the melt with a cooling and solidifying liquid, then bringing the hollow material into contact with an extracting liquid. CONSTITUTION:A compd. 11 for spinning prepd. by compounding the PP, the org. filler, such as liquid paraffin, for uniformly dispersing the Pp into a melt state and the crystal nucleus forming agent is supplied to a hopper 12. The compd. is melted and kneaded by a single screw extruder 13 and is then extruded. The extrudate is sent to a spinning device 14, where the extrudate is discharged from the annular spinning hole of a spinneret device 15 into a gaseous atmosphere. This discharged hollow material 16 is dropped at a prescribed distance and is reduced down to a desired outside diameter and is then allowed to flow down in the cooling and solidifying liquid 17 consisting of a polyethylene glycol and water. Further, the solidified hollow material 16 is brought into contact with the extracting liquid 25 which dissolves the org. filler and the polyethylene glycol and does not dissolve the PP, by which the hollow matter is extracted away.

Manufacture of flat type nonaqueous electrolyte battery

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a manufacturing method for a flat type nonaqueous electrolyte battery capable of enhancing reaction efficiency of lithium and obtaining stable discharge performance by efficiently, accurately pressing for fixing lithium in the form of nearly complete round to the whole surface of a negative terminal CONSTITUTION:In the manufacturing method for a flat type nonaqueous electrolyte battery fabricated by using a negative electrode 2 formed by pressing lithium 2b serving as a negative active material against a disk-like negative terminal 2a, a chip of lithium 2b obtained by cutting a rod is temporarily pressed near the center of the negative terminal 2a The chip is temporarily molded by 1/2-1/4 of the chip thickness with a pressing jig K with a recessed surface to form an almost round projection, then the chip is pressed by 1/6 or less of the original thickness with a pressing jig G with flat surface to press against the negative terminal 2a to form the negative electrode 2 Before the lithium 2b is temporarily molded in the form of almost round projection, a die lubricant 6 stable to an electrolyte such as propylene carbonate (PC) and liquid paraffin is preferably applied to the surface of the lithium 2b coming in contact with the pressing jig K

Studies on successive extraction of coal in coal derived solvents under ambient conditions to recover volatile matter (volatilizable components) from coal and to get partially devolatilized residual coal and solvent refined coal as clean and detoxified fuels

Abstract: Effect of anthrecene oil, quinoline and liquid paraffin extraction on the swelling of Assam coal has been studied to find out the degree of cross-linking in the pretreated coals, and to assess the molecular effect of the these solvents in the solid mass of coal, on the flexibility of coal macromolecular aggregation and molecular dynamism. Effect of successive extractions using anthracene oil-quinoline-liquid paraffin sequence, on the extraction of volatilizable components i.e. volatile matter (VM) contents and removal of toxic mineral matter contents of Assam coal has been studied. A relation of C % and VM % in coal with extraction yields through this successive extraction of different coals has been suggested. About 50 - 76% of the total VM present in the original coal can be extracted by the successive solvent extractive disintegration of coal, which was more than that through pyrolysis of coal at 600°C. Recovery of VM renders the combustion of residual coal free of pollution. The solvent refin...

Glucose Sensor Based on Ubiquinone-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Abstract: Two types of carbon paste electrodes containing ubiquinone (CoQ) and glucose oxidase (GOD) were constructed, and their electrochemistry and amperometric response to substrate were investigated. For one type of electrode in which the surface of carbon particles was covered with a part of CoQ molecules added, it was found that the CoQ adsorbed on the carbon particles exerted an insulating effect on the electrode reaction. For the other type of electrode in which the surface was preadsorbed with GOD and most of CoQ was dissolved in the liquid paraffin phase, it was demonstrated that CoQ served as an electron transfer mediator. The latter electrode showed amperometric responses to glucose in the applied potential range 300 – 500 mV and a linear response in the range 0.2 – 4.0 mM in an electrolyte solution (pH 7.0).

Microstructure and mechanical properties relations for green bodies compacted from spray dried granules

Abstract: Alumina granules from three binder systems were spray dried and pressed into bars at varied pressure. Granules are classified as strong, medium and weak as to reflect the different amount of poly(vinyl-butyral) binder and liquid paraffin plasticizer used in the binder system. Mechanical properties of the pressed bars were obtained from a four-point bend test and microstructures were examined using scanning electron microscopy SEM. Strengths and fracture toughnesses are found to increase as a function of compaction pressure, while the calculated effective flaw size is independent of the compaction pressure for all three granule types. Microstructural examination of fracture surfaces revealed that samples compacted at high pressure exhibited more transgranular fracture than samples compacted at low pressure. Evidently, higher pressure had increased the intergranular fracture resistance which correspondingly increased the fracture toughness of the pressed bars. For bars pressed from granules, green body strengths and toughnesses are strongly dependent on the cohesion between pressed granules and not on the effective processing flaw size.

Liquid paraffin oil and lactulose-based hypocaloric laxative jelly and method for its preparation

Abstract: Paraffin oil and lactulose-based jellied clear laxative emulsion containing from 75 to 85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin oil and from 25 to 15 parts by weight of an edulcorated lactulose aqueous solution The invention also concerns a method for the preparation of said emulsion