Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1995"

Standard Pressure Volume Temperature Data for Polymers

Abstract: 1. INTRODUCTION Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) Data: Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium States of Polymers Scope of This Data Collection Equipment for PVT Measurements: Piston-Die Technique Confining Fluid Technique Equipment Used for Data in This Book Experimental Procedures: Stan- dard PVT Runs Sample Preparation Determination of the Specific Volume at Ambient Conditions Data Interpretation: Tables and Graphs in This Collection Liquids Materials Undergoing a Glass Transition Materials Having a Melt Transition Filled Materials and Blends Application of PVT Data Empirical and Theoretical Fits to PVT Data References 2. HYDROCARBONS n-Undecane (C11H24) n-Tetradecane (C14H30) n-Hexadecane (C16H34) n-Tetracosane (C24H50) n-Hexatriacotane (C36H74) n-Tetratetracotane (C44H90) 3. HYDROCARBON POLYMERS Polyethylene (linear) Polyethylene (branched) Polyethylene wax (M ~2100) Polyethylene wax (M ~1000) Poly(propylene) (atactic) Polypropylene (atactic) Polypropylene (isotactic) Poly(1-butene) (atactic) Poly(1-butene) (isotactic) Poly(1-octene) Polyisobutylene (M ~ 4.2 x 105) Polyisobutylene (M ~ 300) Polyisoprene (hydrogenated) Poly(4-methyl pentene-1) Polynorbornene Hydrocarbon resin Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (23% polypropylene) Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (57% propylene) Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (76% propylene) Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (84% propylene) Polybutadiene (M ~ 2.33 x 105) Polybutadiene (cis & trans) Polybutadiene (cis) Polybutadiene (M ~ 3000) Polybutadiene (M ~ 1000) Natural rubber 4. ETHYLENE POLYMERS crylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (9% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (11.5% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (12% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (15% methacrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (20% methacrylic acid) Ionomer (~ 1.5% Na) Ionomer (~ 2.2% Na) Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (9% acrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (10% acrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (20% acrylic acid) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (56% vinyl alcohol) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (62% vinyl alcohol) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (70% vinyl alcohol) 5. STYRENICS Polystyrene (M ~ 1.1 x 105) Polystyrene (M ~ 34500) Polystyrene (M ~ 9000) Polystyrene (M ~ 910) Poly(4-chloro styrene) Poly(styrene-block-hydrogenated butadiene) 6. ACRYLICS Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 1 x 105) Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 40000) Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 25000) Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M ~ 10000) Poly(ethyl methacrylate) Poly(propyl methacrylate) Poly(n-propyl methacrylate) Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) Poly(lauryl methacrylate) Poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(ethyl acrylate) Poly(n-propyl acrylate) Poly(n-butyl acrylate) Poly(acrylic acid) Poly(methacrylic acid) 7. POLYACRYLONITRILE AND COPOLYMERS Polyacrylonitrile Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (25% acrylonitrile) Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (67% butadiene) Nitrile rubber compound 8. OTHER C-C MAIN CHAIN POLYMERS Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(vinyl butyral) Poly(vinyl carbazole) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinyl fluoride) Poly(vinyl formal) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) Fluoropolymer glass Fluoroelastomer compound Perfluoroelastomer compound 9. POLYETHERS Poly(methylene oxide) (homopolymer) Poly(methylene oxide) (copolymer) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M x105) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 18500) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 1540) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 600) Poly(ethylene oxide) (M ~ 300) Poly(ethylene oxide) mono methyl ether (M ~ 750) Poly(ethylene oxide) mono methyl ether (M ~ 350) Poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 1000) Poly(ethylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 600) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 4000) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 2000) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 1025) Poly(propylene oxide) (M ~ 400) Poly(propylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 2000) Poly(propylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 1025) Poly(propylene oxide) dimethyl ether (M ~ 400) Poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (M ~ 7000) Poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (M ~ 2000) Silicone fluid (commercial) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 1.5 x 106) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 2.24 x 105) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 17200) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 9670) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 3900) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 870) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (M ~ 340) 10. POLYAMIDES Nylon 6 Nylon 7 Nylon 9 Nylon 11 Nylon 12 Nylon 4/6 Nylon 6/6 Nylon 6/6 (rubber toughened) Nylon 6/7 Nylon 6/8 Nylon 6/9 Nylon 6/10 Nylon 6/10 (pure) Nylon 6/12 Nylon 13/13 Nylon 6I/6T Aramid fiber 11. POLYESTERS Poly(ethylene adipate) Poly(ethylene succinate) Polycaprolactone Poly-L-lactide Poly(ethylene isophthalate) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Poly(ethylene naphthenoate) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Bisphenol A isophthalate Polyarylate 12. VARIOUS MAIN CHAIN AROMATICS Polycarbonate Chloral polycarbonate Poly(2-6-dimethyl phenylene oxide) Phenoxy resin Polyetherimide Polyimide (film) Poly(ether ether ketone) Poly(ether sulphone) Polysulfone Poly(azomethine ether) (n = 4) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 7) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 8) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 9) Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 10)Poly(azomethine ether) (n= 11) 13. BLENDS Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (90/10) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (80/20) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (70/30) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (60/40) Poly- styrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (50/50) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (40/60) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (30/70) Polystyrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (20/80) Poly- styrenepoly(vinyl methyl ether) blend (10/90) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (90/10) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (80/20) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)poly- styrene blend (70/30) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (60/40) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (50/50) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (40/60) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (30/70) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (20/80) Poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)polystyrene blend (10/90) Polyethersulphonepoly- (ethylene oxide) blend (40/60) Polyethersulphonepoly(ethylene oxide) blend (20/80) 14. MISCELLANEOUS Starch triacetate >Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (14% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (18% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (25% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (28% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (33% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (40% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (65% vinyl acetate) Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (4% metha

Synthesis and Characterization of Thermo- and Chemomechanically Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) Hydrogels

Abstract: Random copolymer hydrogels of methacrylic acid (MAA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in the presence of a cross-linking agent. The gels were characterized for their temperature- and pH-responsive behavior by equilibrium swelling experiments, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal mechanical analysis. Depending upon composition, the gels showed sharp swelling transitions with small changes in temperature or pH, with initial time-dependent response reaching equilibrium on a time scale of hours.

Polymers useful as pH responsive thickeners and monomers therefor

Abstract: Novel aqueous thickener or thixotropic polymers are prepared by the copolymerization of (A) about 15-60 weight percent of a C 3 -C 8 alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, preferably acrylic or methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof with itaconic or fumaric acid, (B) about 15-80 weight percent of a nonionic copolymerizable C 2 -C 12 alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably a monovinyl ester such as ethyl acrylate or a mixture thereof with styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate, and (C) about 1-30 weight percent of a new and novel nonionic ethylenically unsaturated nonionic biphillic monomer such as tristyrylpoly(ethyleneoxy) x methyl acrylate, to provide a stable aqueous colloidal dispersion at an acid pH lower than about 5.0 but becoming an effective thickener for aqueous systems upon adjustment to a pH of about 5.5-10.5 or higher. These polymers adjusted to a pH of about 5.5 or higher are effective thickeners for a wide variety of aqueous systems including cosmetic products, drilling muds, aqueous coating compositions such as latex paint, and high solids compositions such as spackle, grouts, cements, and the like.

Thermoplastic material for drug coatings which dissolve in intestinal juices

Abstract: Thermoplastic materials which comprise a copolymer of (A) 16 to 40 wt % of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid; (B) 30 to 80 wt % of methyl acrylate; and (C) 0 to 40 wt % of another alkyl ester of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid and perhaps conventional auxiliaries for drug coatings are suitable for the production of drug coatings which are soluble in intestinal juices, such as tablet coatings, dies, films, capsules, or multipart dosage units.

Grafting maleic anhydride and comonomers onto polyethylene

Abstract: Grafting dicarboxylic anhydrides onto polyolefins has great practical importance. The process of grafting maleic anhydride onto high-density polyethylene in the presence of various comonomers in an intermeshing corotating twin-screw extruders was studied. Three types of comonomers were investigated: (i) vinyl monomers, including styrene and methacrylic acid; (ii) esters of dicarboxylic acids forming succinic groups after grafting, such as fumaric acid; and (iii) esters of fumaric and maleic acid and ethylenically unsaturated cyclic dicarboxylic anhydrides, such as Diels–Alder adducts of maleic anhydride; and (iv) dienes and dodecenyl succinic anhydride. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Homogeneous precipitation of doped zinc sulfide nanocrystals for photonic applications

Abstract: A process was developed to prepare nanocrystalline and quantum-confined particles of manganese-doped zinc sulfide. By the reaction of diethylzinc with solubilized hydrogen sulfide, particle sizes of 30–36 A were achieved by control of reactant concentration, and size appeared to vary with the thermodynamic considerations indicative of homogeneous precipitation. Managanese doping required the development of an in situ chemical reaction compatible with the homogeneous precipitation reaction. To that end, ethylmagnesium chloride was reacted with manganese chloride to form the metastable diethylmanganese which acted as the dopant source. Quantum confinement of the particles was accomplished by using methacrylic acid and poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer of low molecular weights. These surfactants were transparent to the ultraviolet wavclcngths of light which allowed luminescent excitation of the material and provided surface passivation which enhanced phosphor brightness. The surfactant adsorption and effect of ultraviolet curing of the surfactant on the luminescent efficiency of the doped nanocrystals was investigated by infrared spectroscopy. These results indicate that the chemisorption of the surfactants to the nanoparticle surface and oxidation followed by crosslinking during curing are responsible for the improvement in luminescent efficiency.

Enhancement of catalytic activity of the ammonium/potassium salt of 12-molybdophosphoric acid by iron ion addition for the oxidation of isobutane to methacrylic acid

Abstract: The oxidation of isobutane to methacrolein and methacrylic acid was carried out over potassium/ammonium salts of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (Keggin-type heteropoly compounds), with overall selectivity to the desired products higher than 50%. The addition of iron to the catalyst composition led to a substantial enhancement of the catalytic activity, with an increase in the yield to the desired products, even though the selectivity decreased. The catalysts all have a secondary cubic structure, and are stable in the reaction environment. No trace of structural decomposition was found in spent catalysts. It was found that the addition of iron led to a substantial increase in the catalyst acidity and it is proposed that the Lewis acidity might play a role in the activation of the paraffin.

Effect of Block Size and Sequence on the Micellization of ABC Triblock Methacrylic Polyampholytes

Abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy and static and dynamic light scattering were employed to probe the effect of block size and sequence on the micellization properties of a series of water-soluble, low-polydispersity, low-molecular-weight, block and random methacrylic polyampholytes : B 8 M 12 A 16 , B 12 M 12 A 12 , B 16 M 12 A 8 , B 12 A 12 M 12 , and (B-co-M-co-A) 12 , where B is 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), M is methyl methacrylate (MMA), and A is methacrylic acid (MAA). The values of the pyrene fluorescence emission intensity ratio I i /I 3 , indicative of micelle formation, are reported for both acidic and basic solution pH values, over a wide range of copolymer concentrations (0.0001-0.5% w/w) and at three different temperatures (10, 25, and 50 °C). The critical micellization concentration (CMC) values ordered as CMC-(B 16 M 12 A 8 ) > CMC(B 12 M 12 A 12 ) > CMC(B 8 M 12 A 16 ) at low solution pH. Under basic conditions, the CMC for B 16 M 12 A 8 was slightly lower than that for B 12 M 12 A 12 . Micelles were not formed by the random copolymer (B-co-M-co-A) 12 at either pH value, nor by the triblock B 12 A 12 M 12 at basic pH. A small increase in the CMC with increasing temperature was observed for the BMA copolymers at basic pH. Dynamic light scattering data indicated that, for the micelles formed by the BMA polyampholytes, both DMAEMA and MAA blocks were in the corona regardless of which block was charged, while the middle hydrophobic MMA block constituted the micellar core. The constraints imposed by such a conformation of the polyampholyte blocks resulted in relatively low micelle aggregation numbers of 10-20 and a micelle size about half the contour length of the polymer. The B 12 A 12 M 12 copolymers formed larger micelles than the BMA polyampholytes ; with the MMA block in the center, the micelle radius is determined by the length of the fully-stretched polymer.

Surface Characterization and Dissociation Properties of Carboxylic Acid Core–Shell Latex Particle by Potentiometric and Conductometric Titration

Abstract: Surface characterization of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) core–shell latex particle with a shell rich in carboxylic acid groups has been investigated by means of potentiometric and conductometric titrations. PBMA core–shell latex particle was prepared by semicontinuous three-stage emulsion polymerization. Methacrylic acid (MA) was added at the final stage of the polymerization. Potentiometric titration was carried out on the latex aqueous dispersions containing various NaCl concentrations. Conductometric titration was carried out for the salt-free aqueous dispersion. The total content of ionizable groups was determined by conductometric titration in 1,4-dioxane. The MA content in the shell, determined by potentiometric titration, is equal to that by conductometric titration. This quantity is, however, slightly smaller than that determined by back titration. We conclude that about 27% of total ionizable groups is buried in the particle interior. The potentiometric titration behavior of MA groups on the latex surface is analyzed in detail and compared to theoretical results calculated from a smeared-charge model with spherical symmetry. We determine the negative logarithm of intrinsic dissociation constant of MA at the surface, pK0= 4.8 ± 0.2, in agreement with that of low molecular weight isobutylic acid or poly(methacrylic acid). We find that the electrostatic work required to remove H+from the latex particle surface calculated from the smeared-charge model is in good agreement with the experimental results.

Low-haze ionomers of copolymers of alpha-olefins, carboxylic acid esters, and optional comonomers, and processes for making and acidifying these ionomers

Abstract: Ionomer compositions which have improved optical properties are disclosed. These compositions comprise ionomers which can be represented as the polymerization product of alpha-olefins having from two to eight carbon atoms, esters of alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acids, metal salts of acrylic and methacrylic acid, and optional alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated comonomers which impart some desired polymer property or properties, such as acidity and/or solvent resistivity. Also disclosed are methods of making these ionomer compositions in a reactive extruder and treating the compositions with acid to impart acidity to the compositions or to only the surface of the compositions.

Multimetal oxide compositions

Abstract: Multimetal oxide compositions having a two-phase structure and comprising molybdenum, hydrogen, one or more of the elements phosphorus, arsenic, boron, germanium and silicon, and their use for the preparation of methacrylic acid by gas-phase catalytic oxidation.

Low voc hair spray compositions

Abstract: A low VOC (volatile organic compounds) hair spray composition having a combination of desirable user performance characteristics is described herein. The hair fixative resin in the composition is a terpolymer of 40-75 % by weight of a vinyl lactam, preferably vinyl pyrrolidone, 15-40 % of a polymerizable carboxylic acid, preferably acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and 5-25 % of a hydrophobic monomer, preferably a long chain alkyl (C8-C24) acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide. The terpolymer has a K-value of 30-55, preferably 40-50, which provides compositions having good sprayability in both pump and aerosol form, and small, fine spray particles.

Stability of Dispersions in the Presence of Graft Copolymer (II) Adsorption of Graft Copolymers on Titanium Dioxide and the Stability and Rheology of the Resulting Dispersions

Abstract: The adsorption of two graft copolymers (Atlox 4913 and Hypermer CG-6 consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) methacrylic acid backbone and polyethlene oxide side chains) on titanium dioxide dispers...

Graft copolymers having hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic branches. X. Preparation and properties of water‐dispersible polyanionic microspheres having poly(methacrylic acid) branches on their surfaces

Abstract: The free radical copolymerization of poly(t-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) macromonomer with styrene in ethanol give monodispersed microspheres with 0.8-1.6 μm diameter. The resulting microspheres were treated with HCl solution to convert into anionic microspheres having poly(methacrylic acid) chains. ESCA analysis of the microsphere surface suggested that PBMA chains were favorably located on the surface of the microspheres. The particle size of the microspheres decreased with increasing molecular weight and concentration of the macromonomer. Water dispersibilities of the microspheres were evaluated by measuring the relative turbidity of the suspension of microspheres as a function of pH. The results show that they were strongly dependent on pH. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Preparation of Highly Stereoregular Poly(methacrylic acid) by Stereospecific Anionic Polymerization of Trimethylsilyl Methacrylate.

Abstract: Preparation of Highly Stereoregular Poly(methacrylic acid) by Stereospecific Anionic Polymerization of Trimethylsilyl Methacrylate

Preparation of monodisperse, reactive hydrogel microspheres and their amphoterization

Abstract: Monodisperse, reactive hydrogel microspheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization ofp-nitrophenyl acrylate (NPA) with acrylamide, methacrylic acid, and methylenebisacrylamide in ethanol. The size of microspheres was controlled by the monomer ratio. Some fraction of reactive ester decomposed during the polymerization. The reactive hydrogel microspheres were converted to amphoteric ones by the reaction of NPA units with diamine. The isoelectric point of the amphoteric microspheres was around 4.0, but it was different from the pH at which the microspheres have the minimum size or the most shrunken state. This was attributed to the uneven distribution of induced amine groups.

Effect of organics on the photodeposition of copper in titanium dioxide aqueous suspensions

Abstract: Semiconductor photoelectrochemistry has been explored in many processes including organic destruction and metal removal in aqueous waste streams. The effect of the organic hole scavenger on copper photodeposition at TiO{sub 2} was investigated as a function of organic concentration and pH. Copper photodeposition was observed in solutions containing sodium formate, sodium oxalate, citric acid, disodium-EDTA, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, propiolic acid, isobutyric acid, chloroacetic acid, or DL-lysine monochloride. No copper photodeposition was observed in solutions containing sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, tert-butyl alcohol, acetone, salicylic acid, ethyl acetate, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, methyl propionate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, phenol, vinyl acetate, chloroform, trichloroethylene, dichloroethane, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, or methylhydroquinone. For solutions containing organics in which copper photodeposition did not occur, addition of small amounts of sodium formate resulted in photodeposition of the copper. The rates of copper photodeposition and subsequent oxidation of the photoreduced copper with oxygen were dependent on the organic hole scavenger. Powder X-ray diffraction was used in an attempt to determine the reduced copper species formed on the TiO{sub 2}.

Prolonged Blood Circulation in Rats of Nanospheres Surface-Modified with Semitelechelic Poly[N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]

Abstract: Semitelechelic poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]s (ST-PHPMA) containing one amino end-group and differing in molecular weight were synthesized by radical polymerization in the presence of 2-aminoethanethiol (AET) as chain transfer agent. These polymers were covalently attached via amide bonds to the surface of nanospheres based on a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and methacrylic acid. When compared to unmodified nanospheres, those with the surface modified with ST-PHPMA possessed a decreased protein (albumin, IgG, fibrinogen) adsorption in vitro, an increased intravascular half-life as well as a decreased accumulation in the liver after intravenous administration into rats. The higher the molecular weight of the ST-PHPMA, the more pronounced the changes in these properties. The results obtained have clearly demonstrated that covalently attached ST-PHPMA chains are efficient in decreasing the biorecognition of negatively charged (hydrophilic) polymer surfaces.

Thermoplastic resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the composition comprising vinyl chloride resin and a specific acrylic linear polymer, and excellent in delustering property and appearance. CONSTITUTION:This composition comprises (A) 100 pts.wt. of vinyl chloride resin and (B) 1-40 pts.wt. of a hydroxyl group-containing linear polymer comprising (i) 1-80wt.%, preferably 20-50wt.%, of a (meth)acrylic acid hydroxy 1-8C alkyl ester (preferably 2hydroxyethyl methacrylate), (ii) 10-99wt.%, preferably 30-85wt.%, of a methacrylic acid 1-13C alkyl ester (preferably methyl methacrylate), (iii) 0-79wt.%, preferably 0.5-40wt.%, of an acrylic acid 1-8C alkyl ester (e.g. methyl acrylate), and (iv) 0-50wt.% of another copolymerizable vinylic monomer (e.g. styrene, fumaric acid).

Characterization of submicron alumina dispersions with poly(methacrylic acid) polyelectrolyte

Abstract: Colloidal dispersion of two submicron alumina powders (A-16SG and APA-0.2) and their mixtures were investigated in an aqueous suspension with and without dispersant (ammonium salt of poly(methacrylic acid), PMAAN). The c-potential and isoelectric point (iep) of the powders in aqueous solution were determined in the presence of the dispersant and electrolyte (NaCl). The adsorption of dissociated PMAA- on alumina powders was determined via the titration technique. The dispersant was observed to exert a strong influence on the surface potential, flowing behaviors and packing densities of the aluminas. The results showed that the dispersion conditions wer’e strongly afleeted by factors including the solid concentration of submicron alumina particles, the pH value and the concentration of PMAAN in the suspensions, and that these three factors were cross-inJEuencing. A reaction model at the interface of alumina-solution was developed, based on the dissociation of PMAAN and the adsorption of surface hydrocarboxyl groups on alumina surface.

Complete Spectral Assignments and Microstructures of Photopolymerized Acrylonitrile/Methacrylic Acid Copolymers by NMR Spectroscopy

Abstract: Copolymers of acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid were prepared by photopolymerization using the uranyl ion as a photosensitizer. The comonomer reactivity ratios, determined by both Kelen-Tudos (KT) and nonlinear error in variables (EVM) methods are r A = 0.135 ± 0.04 and r M = 3.618 ± 0.49. The microstructure was obtained in terms of the distribution of A- and M-centered triad sequences from 13 C-{ 1 H} NMR spectra of the copolymers. Homonuclear 2D TOCSY NMR was used to simplify the complex 1 H spectra of AIM copolymers in terms of configurational/conformational sequences. The triad concentration calculated from Monte Carlo simulations (MC) gave good agreement with the triad concentration determined from NMR spectroscopy. MC simulation was also used to study the effect of the degree of polymerization on triad fractions.

Ink jet recording material

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ink jet recording material wherein even if a thin ink recipient layer is provided, sufficient ink-absorbing properties can be provided for multiple color recording, and at the time of manufacturing and preservation thereof, curls can be prevented from being generated for temperatures and humidity and bending can be easily effected, and moreover a high dimensional stability is provided so that waviness can be prevented from being generated on the surface of a recording area of the material after recording. SOLUTION: In the ink jet recording material, an ink recipient layer comprising a hydrophilic resin is provided on a non-woven fabric comprising polyvinyl alcohol fibers on a supporting body which is prepared by pasting up the non- woven fabric on one side of a synthetic resin film. The hydrophilic resin includes also a water-soluble resin, and as the hydrophilic resin, even if there is no specific limit, resins such as starch, gelatin, casein, sodium alginate, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, poly(methacrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid eater), copolymers of these resin, or modified resins, single resin or a mixture of these resins, can be used. And particularly, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and polyvinyl alcohol are effective since the resin itself has good ink absorbing property.

Polyphenylene sulfide composition and shaped articles made therefrom

Abstract: Disclosed are a polyphenylene sulfide composition having excellent impact characteristics, melt flow characteristics and flexibility which comprises, as indispensable components, (A) a polyphenylene sulfide, (B) an epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer, and (C) at least one elastomer selected from ethylene/propylene copolymers, ethylene/butene copolymers, ethylene/propylene/diene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymers, copolymers of ethylene with a monomer selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and alkyl esters and metal salts thereof, and polyamide elastomers; and a shaped article made from the polyphenylene sulfide composition.

Polarizing plate for liquid crystal display device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase adhesion and various kinds of durability, to simplify the structure and to manufacture at a low cost with excellent productivity by forming a adhesive layer, composed of a specific photosetting adhesive, to a substrate on one surface of a polarizing film SOLUTION: This polarizing plate is manufactured by forming the adhesive layer 4, which is composed of the photosetting adhesive consisting essentially of an ionomer resin produced by combining the molecules of an ethylene- methacrylic acid copolymer with each other by a metallic ion and is bonded directly to the liquid crystal cell surface substrate, on one surface of the polarizing film 1 (the surface of the side bonded to the liquid crystal surface substrate). In such a case, the photosetting adhesive consists essentially of the ionomer resin produced by combining the molecules of the ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer with each other by the metallic ion and the content of the methacrylic acid in the ionomer resin is 1-30wt.%, particularly preferably 5-25wt.%. And a photosensitizer is blended to cure the photosetting adhesive. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

Liquid crystal orientation agent

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To form a tough coating film that causes no partial peeling even at the time of performing rubbing treatment of the coating film under various conditions by using as essential components of the agent, a polyamic acid or imide polymer derived from a polyamic acid and (meth)acrylic acid or its deriva tive, each of which is specifically selected. SOLUTION: This agent contains as its essential components, at least one polymer selected from polyamic acids and imide polymers derived from them and at least one compound selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives and methacrylic acid derivatives. As the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used for synthesis of the polyamic acid employed, an aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride that has an aromatic ring(s) and is selected from compounds represented by the formulae I and II, etc., or the like, is used. In the formulae I and II: R is a divalent organic group having an aromatic ring(s); R is a hydrogen atom or alkyl group; R is a divalent organic group having an aromatic group(s); and R is a hydrogen atom or alkyl group.