Showing papers on "Methanol published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of styrene and ethylbenzene was formed by alkylation of the methyl group of toluene on Na, K, Rb and Cs exchanged zeolites.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the catalyst support on the oxidation of methane over palladium has been studied using a microcalorimetric bead reactor, and it has been shown that the reactivity of water towards the catalytic support is an important factor governing the deterioration of catalytic activity.
Abstract: The influence of the catalyst support on the oxidation of methane over palladium has been studied using a microcalorimetric bead reactor. The nature of the support had no detectable influence on the catalytic activity during a given experiment, but was found to affect the long-term stability of the catalyst.Investigations have been made of the kinetics of the oxidation of methane over a palladium/thoria catalyst both in the absence and in the presence of the reaction products. Oxidation was found to be strongly inhibited by the water formed, which tended to cause permanent deactivation of the catalyst; there was also very slight inhibition by carbon dioxide. Measurements of the rates of co-oxidation of methane with other compounds showed that methanol reacted independently, whereas formaldehyde and carbon monoxide were both oxidized competitively.It has been shown that the reactivity of water towards the catalyst support is an important factor governing the deterioration of catalytic activity. In accordance with this there was no evidence of catalyst deactivation when methane was co-oxidized with methanol, which would be expected to displace water.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of the non-stationary currents of formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol on the degree of coverage of the platinum electrode by adsorbed sulphur and the effect of adaption of sulphur on the electrooxidation of methenol and formaldehyde have been studied.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of enzymes which catalyze the following reaction was found in the cell-free extract of the yeast employed; CH3OH+O2→HCHO→HCOOH→CO2.
Abstract: 1. The oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide by Candida N–16 grown on methanol was investigated. The presence of enzymes which catalyze the following reaction was found in the cell-free extract of the yeast employed; CH3OH→HCHO→HCOOH→CO2. 2. Methanol was oxidized to formaldehyde by an alcohol oxidase. The reaction was as follows; CH3OH+O2→HCHO+H2O2. The alcohol oxidase was crystallized after purification by ammonium sulfate-precipitation and column chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-50. A prosthetic group of the enzyme was proved to be FAD. The enzyme possessed a broad specificity for alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and n-amylalcohol. The enzyme was inducibly formed only by the addition of methanol. 3. The oxidation of formaldehyde to formate was catalyzed by a NAD-linked dehydrogenase dependent on GSH. 4. Formate was oxidized by a NAD-linked dehydrogenase. 5. Catalase was also found in the extract, and methanol was chemically oxidized by the reaction of catalase and hydrogen...
73 citations
72 citations
TL;DR: A methanol-oxidizing enzyme was extracted from a yeast, Kloeckera sp. No. 2201, and was found to be independent of the addition of a hydrogen acceptor as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A methanol-oxidizing enzyme was extracted from a methanol-utilizing yeast, Kloeckera sp. No. 2201, and was found to be independent of the addition of a hydrogen acceptor. The enzyme, which was inducibly formed in methanol-grown cells, was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatographies and crystallization with solid ammonium sulfate. The crystalline enzyme preparation gave a single band on polyacryamide disc gel electrophoresis and _??_ single symmetrical peak in the ultracentrifuge. The molecular weight was calculated to be 570, 000. The enzyme catalyzed the following reaction: Methanol+O2→formaldehyde+H2O2, and it was characterized to be an oxidase.
66 citations
TL;DR: A new type of mixed metal oxide TiO2·ZnO was prepared by either heterogeneous or homogeneous co-precipitation and the acidic property was measured by n-butylamine titration and by observation of infrared spectra of adsorbed pyridine as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A new type of mixed metal oxide TiO2·ZnO was prepared by either heterogeneous or homogeneous co-precipitation and the acidic property was measured by n-butylamine titration and by observation of infrared spectra of adsorbed pyridine. It was found that TiO2·ZnO containing about 7 or 57% of ZnO shows a very large acid amount of 0.5–0.9 mmol/g and a fairly high acid strength of H0≤−3, the acid sites being both Bronsted and Lewis type and the acid sites of high strength created by heterogeneous precipitation. The catalytic activity and selectivity of TiO2·ZnO were found very high for the hydration reaction of ethylene. The catalyst was active also for the alkylation of phenol by methanol and gave only monoalkylated products.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction kinetics have been established for the low pressure vapor phase catalytic carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid using a solid supported rhodium complex catalyst.
60 citations
TL;DR: A primary alcohol dehydrogenase has been purified from Methylococcus capsulatus (Texas strain) and catalyzes the oxidation of methanol and formaldehyde to formate; other primary alcohols are oxidized to their corresponding aldehydes.
Abstract: A primary alcohol dehydrogenase has been purified from Methylococcus capsulatus (Texas strain) The purified enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of methanol and formaldehyde to formate; other primary alcohols are oxidized to their corresponding aldehydes Ammonium ions are required for enzyme activity The enzyme has a molecular weight of 120,000 daltons and consists of two 62,000 molecular-weight subunits which dissociate at acidic pH The enzyme is similar to an alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme isolated from Pseudomonas sp M27
53 citations
TL;DR: Hexane extracts of the air-dried cortex of the gorgonian Plexaura homomalla (Esper) were found to contain (15R)-hydroxy-9-oxo-prost-5,10,13-trienoic acid and its 15-acetate methyl ester, and chloroform-methanol extracts of this organism have been shown to contain these two compounds as major prostaglandin constituents.
Abstract: Hexane extracts of the air-dried cortex of the gorgonian Plexaura homomalla (Esper) were found to contain (15R)-hydroxy-9-oxo-prost-5,10,13-trienoic acid [i.e. (15.R)-prostaglandin A2] and its 15-acetate methyl ester in 0.2% and 1.3% yield from the cortex by Weinheimer and Spraggins in 1969. Chloroform-methanol extracts of this organism have now been shown to contain these two compounds as major prostaglandin constituents, but also a more complex mixture of prostaglandin derivatives including 11α, (15R)-dihydroxy-9-oxo-prost-5,13-dienoic acid [i.e. (15R)-prostaglandin E2] and the methyl esters of (15R)-prostaglandin E2 and (15R)-prostaglandin A2. (15R) Prostaglandin E2 was identified by its chromatographic behavior, by the chromatographic behavior and mass spectrum of its O-methyloxime, methyl ester, tri-methylsilyl ether derivative, and by oxidative ozonolysis to fragments of established structure. The configuration of the 15-hydroxyl group was determined in the cleavage fragment 2-hydroxy-heptanoic acid by gas-liquid chromatography of its methyl ester (–)-menthyloxycarbonyl derivative. Similar degradations of material with chromatographic properties equivalent to prostaglondin A2 and prostaglandin E2 yielded 2-hydroxyheptanoate with the S configuration, demonstrating the presence of small amounts of (15S)-prostaglandins in the lipid extract.
50 citations
TL;DR: An NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenating enzyme was found in the cell-extract of Kloeckera sp.
Abstract: An NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenating enzyme was found in the cell-extract of Kloeckera sp. No. 2201, which utilized methanol as a sole source of carbon. The enzyme was inducibly formed in methanol-grown cells. This fact suggests that the enzyme may play a significant role in the methanol metabolism of this yeast. The enzyme was purified from a cell-extract by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose and on hydroxylapatite, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. From an experiment with the purified enzyme, it was found that the enzyme specifically required reduced glutathione for activity, and was reactive toward methylglyoxal as well as formaldehyde. The enzyme catalyzed the following reaction: the enzyme was concluded to be a kind of formaldehyde dehydrogenase (formaldehyde: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.1). Other properties of the enzyme were also investigated.
TL;DR: The amino acid pattern of the protein indicated that the bacterium holds promise as a source of single-cell protein.
Abstract: A bacterium capable of rapid growth on methanol as sole carbon source was isolated and classified as a new pseudomonad. Its doubling time was about 100 min at 32 to 37 C, and it grew well at methanol concentrations up to 2%. The organism was sensitive to phosphate, but reasonable cell densities could be obtained by using pH control. Cell yields of about 31%, based on methanol consumed, were obtained. The amino acid pattern of the protein indicated that the bacterium holds promise as a source of single-cell protein.
TL;DR: In this paper, a specific method for the determination of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), EDTA, and diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acids (DTPA) is reported.
TL;DR: In this article, the photooxidation of formic acid and methanol has been studied at ZnO single crystal electrodes and the effect of current doubling by electron injection from radical intermediates has been shown.
TL;DR: Ion exchange chromatography has been used to provide a quantitative automatic analysis of lupolunes, humulones, humulinic acid, iso-α-acid and hulupones as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Ion exchange chromatography has been used to provide a quantitative automatic analysis of lupolunes, humulones, humulinic acid, iso-α-acid and hulupones.
The resins are extracted and chromatographed on a column of Q.A.E. Sephadex in the acetate form, using an acetic acid gradient in methanol as eluent. The absorbance of the effluent is recorded and the peaks are integrated. A comparison of peak areas with known standards gives a quantitative analysis of the hop components.
The analysis takes I h if only the α and β resins are required, 2 h for an analysis including iso-α-acid and h if hulupone is included. The method is applicable to hops, hop extracts, wort and beer.
TL;DR: In this article, a modified De Ligny et al. method was applied to the transfer of ions from water to methanol, and the corresponding differences for the standard chemical potentials and the surface potential of water, the standard real potentials of the chloride ion, and in water have been determined.
Abstract: The method described by De Ligny et al. for the estimation of activity coefficients of single ions, which originated from ideas of Alfenaar and De Ligny, Buckingham, Halliwell and Nyburg and Muirhead-Gould and Laidler, has been improved further.
The modified method was applied successfully to the transfer of ions from water to methanol and methanol-water mixtures.
A similar method was used to estimate the standard partial molar enthalpy of transfer ΔH° of single ions, and from these data values for the standard partial molar entropy of transfer ΔS° were obtained.
The differences between the standard real potentials of the chloride ion in methanol and methanol-water mixtures, and in water have been determined by Case and Parsons. From these data, the corresponding differences for the standard chemical potentials and the surface potential of water, the surface potentials of methanol and methanol-water mixtures, were determined.
TL;DR: In this article, the rate of formaldehyde hydration to methylene glycol has been measured by using a flow system, which is a flow-based flow-consistency measure.
Abstract: Formaldehyde is produced during electron irradiation of aqueous solutions of methanol containing oxygen; the rate of its hydration to methylene glycol has been measured by use of a flow system.
TL;DR: Sucrose phosphorylase is active in various alcohol-water mixtures and can catalyze the transfer of the glucosyl moiety of sucrose to the alcohols forming the corresponding glucosides, and it was concluded that two separate, independent binding sites exist.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrolytic behavior of non-aqueous systems, in which methanol is used as solvent, was studied by means of conductivity, rest potential and polarization measurements, cyclic voltam- metry and product analysis of the electrolysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data are presented for methyl acetate-methanol system at 35°C and 45°C, respectively, and for methylacetate-ethanol systems at 45° and 55°C.
Abstract: Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data are presented for methyl acetate-methanol system at 35°C and 45°C and for methyl acetate-ethanol system at 45° and 55°C. Excess enthalpy data for the two systems are obtained at 45°C. Simultaneous fit of these thermodynamic quantities was successfully accomplished by using the NRTL equation whose parameters were assumed to be a linear function of temperature.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a reaction mechanism where the surface reaction between an ROH molecule on an acidic site and an adsorbed alkoxide anion on a basic site is assumed to be the rate-controlling step.
TL;DR: Excess Gibbs free energies and excess volumes were measured at 29815 K for the methyl formate + methanol and methyl formates + ethanol for both systems in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ionic products and acid ionization constants of water and methanol were calculated from the apparent ionic product of the solvent mixtures and the free energies of transfer of the proton from water to meethanol-water mixtures at 25 °C.
Abstract: The ionic products and acid ionization constants of water and methanol in methanol–water mixtures at 25 °C have been calculated from the apparent ionic products of the solvent mixtures and the free energies of transfer of the proton from water to methanol–water mixtures. Methanol is a stronger acid than water over the entire range of solvent composition, the difference in acid strength becoming greater as the methanol content of the solvent is increased.
TL;DR: In this paper, the configuration of tristannoxane compound was established by X-ray diffraction study, and the configuration was further established by an analysis of the tristanoxane compounds in the presence of water.
TL;DR: In this paper, the vapor pressure and vapor composition of the methanol-cyclohexane system were investigated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50° and the same properties of the binary systems: acetone-methanol and...
Abstract: The vapor pressure and vapor composition of the methanol–cyclohexane system were investigated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50°. The same properties of the binary systems: acetone–methanol and...
TL;DR: In this paper, the enthalpies of methanol + water mixtures have been measured calorimetrically and used to calculate the entropies of autoionization.
Abstract: The enthalpies of ionization of methanol + water mixtures have been measured calorimetrically and are used to calculate the entropies of autoionization. The enthalpies are analyzed in terms of the separate contributions made by transfer of methanol, water, the proton, hydroxide ions and methoxide ions from water to the mixed solvents. Comparison of the relative acidities of water and methanol in the gas phase and in water shows that in water hydroxide ions are more strongly solvated than methoxide ions.