Showing papers on "Morning published in 1973"
TL;DR: The findings suggest that impairment in glucose tolerance in the evening is due to diminished early insulin response to glucose, rather than to abnormal handling of glucose or insulin, as well as the effect of tolbutamide, phentolamine, and theophylline on the diurnal variation of glucose tolerance.
Abstract: The changes in blood glucose and plasma free fatty acid (FFA), insulin, and human growth hormone (HGH) concentrations in response to oral and intravenous glucose and intravenous insulin were measured at 7 a.m. and 7 p.m., on both occasions after a ten hour fast, in thirteen normal males and two juvenile diabetics. Basal concentration of plasma FFA was lower and that of plasma insulin higher in the morning than in the evening. Blood glucose and plasma HGH levels did not differ at these times. In the normal subjects, glucose tolerance was diminished and plasma insulin response was delayed in the evening. The delay was significantly less with intravenous glucose than with oral glucose. When compared with the usually accepted criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, the normal subjects responded in the evening as mild diabetics. Two juvenile-onset diabetics, who had virtually no increase in plasma insulin concentrations after ingestion or injection of glucose, showed no diurnal variation in glucose tolerance. No diurnal variation was seen in the blood glucose response to intravenously injected insulin or in the plasma clearance rate of insulin; these findings suggest that impairment in glucose tolerance in the evening is due to diminished early insulin response to glucose, rather than to abnormal handling of glucose or insulin. The effect of tolbutamide, phentolamine, and theophylline on the diurnal variation of glucose tolerance was studied. In four subjects, intravenous injection of tolbutamide induced a greater insulin response and a greater fall in the blood glucose concentration in the morning than in the evening. The disappearance rate of intravenously injected glucose and both early and delayed insulin responses to the glucose were enhanced to a much greater degree in the morning than in the evening by the simultaneous intravenous injection of tolbutamide. Intravenous infusion of phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, in five subjects failed to influence responses to intravenous injection of glucose. Intravenous infusion of theophylline, which inhibits cyclic 3′5′-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity, in five subjects potentiated the plasma insulin response to intravenous glucose in the evening but not in the morning; the substance did not influence the disappearance rate of glucose.
219 citations
TL;DR: The behaviour of four captive Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) was observed and the units of social behaviour scored in captivity, including mating attempts by bulls, were also observable under free-ranging conditions.
Abstract: [The behaviour of four captive Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)-a bull, two cows (adult) and a female calf-was observed for a total of Io4.5 hours during regular 30 minute observation sessions, conducted on a random basis at all times of the day, between March and November, I970. Units of precopulatory and copulatory behaviour were defined and quantified together with concomitant whistle-phonation in relation to the time of day. The frequency of social interactions was significantly influenced by a diurnal cycle. Social behaviour was infrequent at night and in the early morning, but increased significantly to reach a peak at midday and in the early afternoon Whistle-phonation rarely occurred at night and was still infrequent in the early morning. The behavioural roles in courtship contexts were interchangable between age and sex classes and sexual partners adopted identical courtship display postures with equal frequency. Free-ranging bottlenose dolphins were studied in three areas along the eastern Cape coast: Algoa Bay (34°S.25°E.), the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park (34°S.23°E.), and Plettenberg Bay (34°S. 23°E.) Bottlenose dolphins were sighted on 122 occasions and were observed for a total of 79.7 hours between Janary I970 and May I97I. A systematic watch during all daylight hours was maintained for dolphins during three seasonal field trips to Plettenberg Bay. The dolphins entered the Bay mainly in the early morning and in the late afternoon. Feeding procedures and co-ordinated herding of food-fish by schools of bottlenose dolphins was described. The units of social behaviour scored in captivity, including mating attempts by bulls, were also observable under free-ranging conditions. Feeding was most frequent in the early morning and in the late afternoon. Mating behaviour was first seen after the initial feeding peak in the early morning and, whereas it was still apparent in the early afternoon, it declined again near the secondary peak of feeding activity at I700 hours, These findings were substantially confirmed by combining the data on feeding and mating activity obtained from all three study areas., The behaviour of four captive Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)-a bull, two cows (adult) and a female calf-was observed for a total of Io4.5 hours during regular 30 minute observation sessions, conducted on a random basis at all times of the day, between March and November, I970. Units of precopulatory and copulatory behaviour were defined and quantified together with concomitant whistle-phonation in relation to the time of day. The frequency of social interactions was significantly influenced by a diurnal cycle. Social behaviour was infrequent at night and in the early morning, but increased significantly to reach a peak at midday and in the early afternoon Whistle-phonation rarely occurred at night and was still infrequent in the early morning. The behavioural roles in courtship contexts were interchangable between age and sex classes and sexual partners adopted identical courtship display postures with equal frequency. Free-ranging bottlenose dolphins were studied in three areas along the eastern Cape coast: Algoa Bay (34°S.25°E.), the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park (34°S.23°E.), and Plettenberg Bay (34°S. 23°E.) Bottlenose dolphins were sighted on 122 occasions and were observed for a total of 79.7 hours between Janary I970 and May I97I. A systematic watch during all daylight hours was maintained for dolphins during three seasonal field trips to Plettenberg Bay. The dolphins entered the Bay mainly in the early morning and in the late afternoon. Feeding procedures and co-ordinated herding of food-fish by schools of bottlenose dolphins was described. The units of social behaviour scored in captivity, including mating attempts by bulls, were also observable under free-ranging conditions. Feeding was most frequent in the early morning and in the late afternoon. Mating behaviour was first seen after the initial feeding peak in the early morning and, whereas it was still apparent in the early afternoon, it declined again near the secondary peak of feeding activity at I700 hours, These findings were substantially confirmed by combining the data on feeding and mating activity obtained from all three study areas.]
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the most marked "morning" and "evening" types in a psychology class were identified by means of a questionnaire, and asked to record their oral temperatures and food intakes throughout the day during a 4-week and a four-day period respectively.
Abstract: The most marked ‘ morning ’ and ‘evening ’ types in a psychology class were identified by means of a questionnaire, and asked to record their oral temperatures and food intakes throughout the day during a 4-week and a 4-day period respectively. The morning group had its mean circadian temperature maximum 5 h earlier than the evening group, and had its cumulative food intake distribution curve 1¾ h ahead of the evening group. After adjusting the food distributions by 1¾ h in the time base to get a least-square fit, significant differences between the distributions remained. It is suggested that morning types have a more autonomous 24-hour-periodicity than evening types. It is concluded that the questionnaires have the power to discriminate extreme morning and evening types of individuals in terms of oral temperature and food intake. Food intake seems to be a sensitive enough measure to be included in studies of inter-individual differences of circadian rhythms.
64 citations
TL;DR: Venous plasma angiotensin II, measured at 4-hour intervals in healthy subjects, has a diurnal rhythm, the highest values are detected early in the morning and the lowest in the evening.
Abstract: Venous plasma angiotensin II, measured at 4-hour intervals in healthy subjects, has a diurnal rhythm. The highest values are detected early in the morning and the lowest in the evening.
55 citations
TL;DR: The data confirm the existence of a gonadal diurnal cycle for testosterone, which is probably controlled by the hypophysis, although a close correlation between the cyclicity of gonadotropins and testosterone secretion is not clearly demonstrated.
50 citations
TL;DR: If the influence of the diet is eliminated the plasma-iron fluctuations are less but they do still exist, because high values were generally found in the afternoon and evening and low levels were found during the night and early morning.
48 citations
TL;DR: There were significant diurnal variations in milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentages and in the evening than in the morning in Holstein cows studied.
45 citations
TL;DR: The insulin response to oral glucose exhibits a cyclic pattern with a peak in the morning, which was unaltered by prolonging the period of caloric deprivation, and no clear pattern of cyclicity could be demonstrated in respect of insulin response.
Abstract: Five diabetic non‐obese males, non‐insulin dependent, and five healthy subjects were given three constant glucose loads (50 g per os) at the same intervals (08.00 hr; 16.00 hr; 00.00 hr). Blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were measured before and 1 hr after the glucose loads. The test was repeated three days later, with varied glucose loads sequence: the 1st glucose load was given at 16.00 hr. In the controls the net increase of blood glucose was less in the morning than in the afternoon and at night. The insulin response to oral glucose exhibits a cyclic pattern with a peak in the morning, which was unaltered by prolonging the period of caloric deprivation. In the diabetics both basal values and the net increases of blood glucose (AG) were higher in the morning, decreasing in the afternoon and reaching the trough during the night. No clear pattern of cyclicity could be demonstrated in respect of insulin response to glucose.
42 citations
TL;DR: There was a strong correlation between the dose and the morning or evening concentration of thioridazine in the blood and a positive correlation was also observed between the age of the patient and the serum level in those who received doses of less than 5 mg/kg body weight.
Abstract: The rate of absorption of thioridazine varied greatly in ten healthy volunteers who took 100 mg in the morning after an overnight fast. The peak level in blood was also variable and it was reached 1 1/4 to 4 h after dosing. Maximal concentrations in the blood varied widely from 0.13 µg/ml to 0.52 µg/ml. No relation was found between the weight or sex of the subjects and the pharmacokinetics of the drug. The serum half life of thioridazine in three healthy volunteers was 9, 10 and 10 h respectively. In a group of 22 patients receiving less than 5 mg/kg body weight a day, there was a strong correlation between the dose and the morning or evening concentration of thioridazine in the blood. A positive correlation was also observed between the age of the patient and the serum level in those who received doses of less than 5 mg/kg body weight.
36 citations
TL;DR: Auroral-zone electron precipitation during early morning hours (0200-0600 hr magnetic local time) has been analysed with the aid of X-ray measurements from northern Scandinavia together with recordings of geomagnetic variations and cosmic noise absorption.
TL;DR: Results, indicating a correlation of daily CRF rhythm with stages of the estrous cycle, are essentially consistent with the previous finding of a sex difference of circadian rhythm of CRF activity in the rat.
Abstract: The correlation between the daily changes of the hypothalamic CRF content and the stages of the estrous cycle was examined in the rat. During proestrus and estrus, the CRF content was significantly higher in the morning (9 a.m.) than in the afternoon (4 p.m.). During diestrus, however, no essential difference was observed. In the morning, the hypothalamic CRF content tended to be higher during proestrus than during diestrus II, but in the afternoon the content was lower during proestrus and estrus, even though the difference did not attain significance. These results, indicating a correlation of daily CRF rhythm with stages of the estrous cycle, are essentially consistent with our previous finding of a sex difference of circadian rhythm of CRF activity in the rat.
TL;DR: In this article, six-monthly trappings (summer and winter) were done between 1952 and 1969 of Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Wytham Woods near Oxford.
Abstract: Summary
(1) Six-monthly trappings (summer and winter) were done between 1952 and 1969 of Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Wytham Woods, near Oxford. One hundred and fifty Longworth live traps were used on two 2-acre grids in oak-ash-sycamore woodland.
(2) The traps were pre-baited for 48 hours and then set. The catch was examined on the evening of the same day and on the following morning. The total of animals caught during the 24 hours was used as an index to the actual numbers present. Animals retrapped in the morning (identified by a simple method of marking) were omitted from the total.
(3) Between 1969 and 1972 the same procedure was used but trapping, evening and morning, was continued for 3-4more days until some 75–80% of the catch consisted of marked animals.
(4) This enabled estimates to be made of the actual numbers of voles and mice present at each trapping and so to assess the proportion of the total present which was caught ring the first 24 hours.
(5) These estimates were made by (Method la) a straight Lincoln Index, (Method lb) a Lincoln Index method as modified by Hayne (1949) and (Method 2) by Hayne's trap-out method. Over six trappings the estimates by these methods showed reasonable agreement.
(6) Comparison of the index trapping (i.e. the numbers caught during the first 24 hours) with the estimates of the total numbers present showed that, on all occasions, more than half of the mice and voles present entered the traps during the first 24 hours. With Bank voles there was a tendency for about half of them to be trapped during this time during the winter and about three-quarters of them during the summer.
(7) With Wood mice the figures are more variable but, again, never less than half were trapped during the first 24 hours and, on some occasions, nearly the whole of the population.
(8) These results show that reasonably accurate estimates of the numbers of these rodents can be achieved within 3–4 days' trapping (estimates that can be cross-checked by different methods) by using a high density of traps (see (1) above). Furthermore, trapping for 24 hours only will always catch at least half of the population present and, on occasions, considerably more than half.
TL;DR: It was observed that as in the cyclic rats the period occupied by the initial triggering process for ovulation in the individual postpartum rat is relatively brief, however, for the whole population, the period stretched from early morning to late evening.
Abstract: In a long—term study, the vast majority of Sprague—Dawley rats from the Holtzman Co. have been found to deliver between 6 AM and 4 PM on Day 23 of pregnancy. Temporal examination for the presence of ova in the oviducts following parturition demonstrated that the time of follicle rupture occurred between 9 PM to 12 midnight postpartum whereas that in cyclic rats is from 12 midnight to 4 AM. Determination of the ovulatory surge of gonadotropin in the postpartum rat was carried out by phenobarbital blockade experiments, neutralization of circulating LH with ovine LH antiserum and direct measurement of serum LH by radioimmunoassay. It was observed that as in the cyclic rats the period occupied by the initial triggering process for ovulation in the individual postpartum rat is relatively brief. However, for the whole population, the period stretched from early morning to late evening. Ovulation was observed the day after a single iv injection of either LH or FSH during pregnancy. A single dose of estradiol ben...
TL;DR: It is suggested that the early morning rise in plasma prolactin in male rats is mediated by enhanced release of pineal hormones.
Abstract: Groups of normal male rats were bled at 6 PM just before turning out the lights and at different times during the night. Plasma prolactin as determined by radioimmunoassay was unchanged when the second blood sample was taken at approximately 2 AM, began to rise slightly at 3 and was markedly elevated by 5 AM. Even if the lights were left on in the animal room during the night for one night, the 4 AM elevation persisted. The elevations observed in normal rats between 3:30 and 5 AM, whether the lights were off or on, were absent in animals which had been pinealectomized. There was no significant change in the initial 6 PM value of plasma prolactin in pinealectomized animals on comparison with the values observed in normal rats. It is suggested that the early morning rise in plasma prolactin in male rats is mediated by enhanced release of pineal hormones. (Endocrinology 92: 1339, 1973)
TL;DR: Radon (Rn222) profiles were made over southwest Arizona from 300 m to 4km altitude as discussed by the authors, where a temperature inversion near 2000 m and a stable radon concentration averaging 32.0 pc m−3 at 2000 m were characteristic of morning flights.
Abstract: Radon (Rn222) profiles were made over southwest Arizona from 300 m to 4km altitude. A temperature inversion near 2000 m and a stable radon concentration averaging 32.0 pc m−3 at 2000 m were characteristic of morning flights. At 300 m there was a definite pattern of high radon concentrations in the early morning and lower concentrations by noon. At 760 m the radon concentration increased between the times of ascent and descent. This pattern resulted from the trapping of radon close to the ground during stable night-time conditions and its subsequent upward dispersal with solar heating. The day-to-day variation in radon concentrations at higher levels cannot be attributed to local upward transport by diffusion but must have resulted from larger scale circulations. Above 2000 m there are no conclusive differences between morning, afternoon and evening profiles. Low concentrations of radon were measured during one late evening profile when there was definite subsidence and advection of drier air into the region.
TL;DR: The progravid phase of the rat reproductive cycle, or pseudopregnancy, was induced by mating with vasectomized males and the morning on which a copulation plug was observed was designated day one, which is quite similar to the pattern of changing progesterone levels.
Abstract: The progravid phase of the rat reproductive cycle, or pseudopregnancy, was induced by mating with vasectomized males. The morning on which a copulation plug was observed was designated day one. Between 1100 and 1200 hr on each of days one through 13, rats were decapitated and the blood collected in heparinized test tubes. The plasma content of progesterone and of 20α Hydroxypregn–4–en–3–one (20α–OHP) was measured using a competitive protein binding assay, after the separation of competing steroids by Sephadex—LH 20 chromatography. The progesterone levels increased strikingly between day 2 and day 4, were maximal between day 4 and day 7, but had not returned to baseline values by day 13. The 20α–OHP levels decreased steadily from days 1–day 9. Between day 10 and day 11 there was a significant increase in 20α–OHP levels. Between days 1 through 7, the ratio: progesterone/20α–OHP changes in a pattern which is quite similar to the pattern of changing progesterone levels. The ratio: progesterone/ 20α–OHP was ob...
TL;DR: Day and night catches of biting flies (excluding Culicidae) were made from bullock, buffalo and at light at Katookye, western Uganda, between July 1966 and August 1967 and the 39 species caught were classified according to the time of day at which they bit.
Abstract: Day and night catches of biting flies (excluding Culicidae) were made from bullock, buffalo and at light at Katookye, western Uganda, between July 1966 and August 1967. The 39 species caught were classified according to the time of day at which they bit. The seven Groups and the most commonly caught species are as follows: Group 1, Ceratopogonidae (purely nocturnal) and Glossina fuscipleuris Aust., Stomoxys ochrosoma Speiser and Haematobosca squalida (Grunb.) (diurnal and nocturnal); Group 2 (early morning peak), Haematobia minuta (Bez.), H. spinigera (Mall.)and H. thirouxi (Roub.); Group 3 (mid-morning peak), Tabanus taeniola P. de B. and T. thoracinus P. de B. Group 4 (mid-morning and late afternoon peaks), G. pallidipes Aust. males and Haematobosca latifrons (Mall.); Group 5 (early morning and evening peaks), Haematopota brunnescens Ric. females, H. patellicorne (End.) females, Stomoxys taeniata Big., S. nigra Macq., S. inornata Grunb. and S. omega Newst.; Group 6 (midday to mid-afternoon peak), G. pallidipes females, H. brucei Aust. females, T. par Wlk. females and Chrysops distinctipennis Aust. females; and Group 7 (progressive increase in biting from morning till evening), G. fuscipes Newst. and S. calcitrans (L.).
TL;DR: In this article, EEG and skin conductance recordings were made of 10 Ss each were subjected to a habituation procedure with an auditory stimulus, and correlations between measures of arousal and habituation over all Ss were significant.
Abstract: Three groups of 10 Ss each were subjected to a habituation procedure with an auditory stimulus. Recordings were made of EEG and skin conductance. One group was tested in the morning after one night of sleep deprivation ( SD) and the two others in the morning and afternoon following an ordinary night of sleep. The SD group showed a faster occurrence of sleep than did the other two groups, whereas the groups did not differ in rate of habituation of skin conductance responses to stimuli. Still, correlations between measures of arousal and habituation over all Ss were significant.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the maintenance of a constant body temperature is essential for a normal growth rate and the set‐point temperature for thermo‐regulatory control differs between individuals.
Abstract: Synopsis Observations on growth rates and diurnal changes in colonic temperatures were made on seven groups of 30 to 50 White Plymouth Rock x Cornish chicks aged between 6 and 8 weeks. Ambient air temperature ranged from 22 °C to 35 °C. Colonic temperatures in the morning (08.00 to 09.00 h) and growth rates were within the normal range. A slight hyperthermia was evident from 13.00 to 14.00 h. Morning colonic temperatures were not correlated with the later increments in body temperatures. This suggests that the set‐point temperature for thermo‐regulatory control differs between individuals. Growth rates were not correlated with the morning colonic temperature, except in one group; they were, however, significantly correlated with the diurnal fluctuation in colonic temperature in all groups. These results suggest that the maintenance of a constant body temperature is essential for a normal growth rate. The variation in thermoregulatory ability accounted for 31 to 71% of the total variation in growth rate.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present evidence that Y and ψ-shaped markings accelerate from local sunrise to some time during local afternoon; mean horizontal velocities are 83 msec −1 (morning) and 122 msec − 1 (afternoon).
TL;DR: Holtzman rats were used to study the effect of a single injection of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) on vaginal smear ovulation and mating and results in these rates show a comparable effect.
Abstract: Holtzman rats were used to study the effect of a single injection of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) on vaginal smear ovulation and mating. In Experiment 1 the injections were made at 10 a.m. on the last day of diestrus. The next day the female rates were caged with fertile males. On the morning of Day 2 the rates were killed and their oviducts examined for ova. On Day 0 all rats had a proestrous-type vaginal smear but on Day 1 the smear shows predominantly leukocytes (diestrus). Of 12 rats 9 did not ovulate. None of them mated. In Experiment 2 the injections were made at 10 p.m. on the last day of diestrus. Of 15 rats 14 did not ovulate and none mated. In experiment 3 the injections were made at 10 a.m. on Day 0 of proestrus. All 12 rats ovualted and mated. Their vaginal smears were normal. In Experiment 4 rates were injected at 10 a.m. on the last day of diestrus as in Experiment 1. Daily vaginal smears were recorded. All rats had a diestrous-type of vaginal smear on Day 1 and this persisted for 60-87 days. The length of subsequene cycles varied. Mating did not occur during the 1st following cycle. Otherwise the rats physiology was normal. Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate has been used as a long-term contraceptive in humans by injecting 150-1000 mg every 3-6 months. Fertility is later established in 6-18 months. Results in these rates show a comparable effect.
TL;DR: In this article, the day and night airglow intensity variations were measured with a three-channel balloon-borne i.r. photometer in four separate flights from southern France in June 1970 and June 1971.
TL;DR: A balloon-borne interference filter photometer designed to measure the 8-6 band emission at 2'μm was flown from Fort Churchill, Canada, during the night of August 1-2, 1968 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A balloon-borne interference filter photometer designed to measure the OH band emission at 2 μm was flown from Fort Churchill, Canada, during the night of August 1–2, 1968. Observations of the intensity of the Q branch of the 8–6 band are presented and compared with results obtained with a 1.66 μm OH photometer carried in the same gondola. The morning and evening twilight variations observed are in agreement with those predicted by models based on mesospheric ozone photochemistry. The observed nighttime increase in the OH emission is not predicted by the theoretical models.
TL;DR: Serum growth hormone (GH) and plasma corticosteroid levels were measured in six healthy male subjects during sleep on several nights and the peak of GH release observed during early slow-wave sleep on control nights was eliminated.
Abstract: Serum growth hormone (GH) and plasma corticosteroid levels were measured in six healthy male subjects during sleep on several nights. Blood samples were taken through an indwelling catheter as nearly as possible every 30 min throughout the night, and the stage of sleep was monitored by continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. One night for each subject served as a test night, and two as controls; two subjects had an additional test and control night. On the morning prior to a test night 1 mg of α1-24 corticotropin-Zn (Depot Synacthen-Ciba) was given im. This produced a sustained rise of plasma corticosteroid throughout the night, and eliminated the peak of GH release observed during early slow-wave sleep on control nights. The EEG pattern of sleep was unaltered.
TL;DR: Subjective impressions gained from many autumns of watching migration suggested that accipiters were more commonly seen in the morning while buteos and falcons occurred later in the afternoon, and all species, except perhaps falcons, were easier to lure into traps in themorning, suggesting that hunger is at a peak early in the day.
Abstract: TABOR (1956) has shown that captive Common Buzzards and Roughlegged Hawks show activity rhythms under various experimental light regimes. Laboratory experiments by Mueller (1972) have shown that the American Kestrel or Sparrow Hawk has a circadian rhythm in hunger and predatory behavior that peaks in the late afternoon, while the Broadwinged Hawk shows no peak, or perhaps a slight peak in the morning. Subjective impressions gained from many autumns of watching migration suggested to us that accipiters were more commonly seen in the morning while buteos and falcons occurred later in the afternoon. We also felt that all species, except perhaps falcons, were easier to lure into traps in the morning, suggesting that hunger is at a peak early in the day. In this paper we subject these impressions to rigorous analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the Melbourne age and the Sydney morning Herald were discussed, and partial partners were discussed in the context of partial partners in the 1970s and early 80s in Australia.
Abstract: (1973). Partial partners? — The Melbourne age and the Sydney morning Herald. Politics: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 216-224.
TL;DR: In two sequential studies employing intact and adrenalectomized Long-Evans hooded male rats, ACTH injection in the morning, when endogenous levels are low, was found to reduce ambulation in a cross-maze.
TL;DR: In this paper, a roadside peak period survey of four Dublin bus routes was designed and executed within the framework of a controlled experimental design, and the data confirmed that Friday evening is Dublin's worst traffic period, with speeds almost twenty percent slower than on Wednesday, the fastest day.
Abstract: A roadside peak period survey of four Dublin bus routes was designed and executed within the framework of a controlled experimental design. Bus speeds, while not varying significantly from route to route, are shown to follow a characteristic U‐shaped trend as departure times advance during both the morning and evening peaks. Bus headway times increase linearly during the morning peak. Distinct patterns of journey times and speeds emerged for different days of the week. The data confirmed that Friday evening is Dublin's worst traffic period, with speeds almost twenty percent slower than on Wednesday, the fastest day.
01 Sep 1973