Showing papers on "Multiculturalism published in 2021"
Book•
21 Oct 2021
TL;DR: Muller's "New Strangers in Paradise" explores the psychology of uprooted peoples and the relations of culture and power, addressing issues of race and ethnicity, multiculturalism and pluralism, and national and international conflicts as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: "New Strangers in Paradise" offers the first in-depth account of the ways in which contemporary American fiction has been shaped by the successive generations of immigrants to reach U.S. shores. Gilbert Muller reveals how the intersections of peoples, regions, and competing cultural histories have remade the American cultural landscape in the aftermath of World War II.Muller focuses on the literature of Holocaust survivors, Chicanos, Latinos, African Caribbeans, and Asian Americans. In the quest for a new identity, each of these groups seeks the American dream and rewrites the story of what it means to be an American. "New Strangers in Paradise" explores the psychology of uprooted peoples and the relations of culture and power, addressing issues of race and ethnicity, multiculturalism and pluralism, and national and international conflicts.Examining the groups of immigrants in the cultural and historical context both of America and of the lands from which they originated, Muller argues that this "fourth wave" of immigration has led to a creative flowering in modern fiction. The book offers a fresh perspective on the writings of Vladimir Nabokov, Sual Bellow, William Styron, Maxine Hong Kingston, Amy Tan, Oscar Hijuelos, Jamaica Kincaid, Bharati Mukherjee, Rudolfo Anaya, and many others.
60 citations
TL;DR: The decline of multiculturalism as a public discourse has been caused by various socio-political factors as discussed by the authors, such as 9/11 and its aftermath and the growth in migration, and new pro-and anti-diversi...
Abstract: The decline of multiculturalism as a public discourse has been caused by various socio-political factors – such as 9/11 and its aftermath and the growth in migration – and new pro- and anti-diversi...
43 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that to understand the rise of anti-immigration political movements, it is important to examine everyday political deliberation online as part of a wider discursive landscape.
Abstract: Social media is an important transmitter of anti-immigration political rhetoric. In this study, we examine the discussions posted in a Finnish online forum provoked by an MP’s anti-multiculturalist...
21 citations
TL;DR: This article used an online national survey to examine the public understanding of and attitudes towards multiculturalism and interculturalism as distinct yet interconnected policy tools relating to the ever-changing diversity governance agenda.
Abstract: The growing intellectual and policy debate around optimal approaches to diversity governance, particularly in relation to criticism of multiculturalism, is now entering a new phase characterised by advocating alternative conceptual and policy paradigms most notably interculturalism. Proposing a conceptual complementarity approach, rather than dogmatically oppositional stances, this paper approaches interculturalism as offering heuristic additive values to multiculturalism. As the paper shows, the Australian context indeed offers an optimal case study for conceptualising and engaging with interculturalism within an otherwise resilient multicultural framework. Australia’s unique and strong multicultural ethos has combined with successful intercultural strategies at different levels of diversity governance, policy and practice across various sectoral terrains. This paper uses an online national survey to examine the public understanding of and attitudes towards multiculturalism and interculturalism as supposedly distinct yet interconnected policy tools relating to the ever-changing diversity governance agenda.
19 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the official idea of racial balance in Singapore and its relationship to modern multiculturalism or (as the island’s government refers to it) "multiracialism" and concludes that "balance is not the right way to define diversity".
Abstract: This article examines the official idea of racial ‘balance’ in Singapore and its relationship to modern multiculturalism or (as the island’s government refers to it) ‘multiracialism’. The article e...
18 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that cultural appropriation is often called a buzzword and dismissed as a concept for serious engagement, and that political theory has been largely silent about cultural appropriation, which is problematic.
Abstract: Cultural appropriation is often called a buzzword and dismissed as a concept for serious engagement. Political theory, in particular, has been largely silent about cultural appropriation. Such sile...
18 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the otherness in the social construction of ethnicities and rural multiculturalism in a post-colonized setting. But their focus was on rural areas, not urban areas.
Abstract: The issue of otherness in the social construction of ethnicities and rural multiculturalism has long attracted the attention of scholars. By following a postcolonial background, this paper investig...
17 citations
TL;DR: In the last two decades, ethnic beauty markets in Los Angeles have grown rapidly as cultural commodification soars alongside the growth of migrant workers in the global city as discussed by the authors, and the South Asian beau...
Abstract: Over the last two decades, ethnic beauty markets in Los Angeles have grown rapidly as cultural commodification soars alongside the growth of migrant workers in the global city. The South Asian beau...
15 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the cultural contents in one textbook series, which is currently in use for English as a foreign language (EFL) education among ethnic Mongol junior high students in Inner Mongolia, China, to understand the representations of multiculturalism and underlying power relations that appear in them.
Abstract: This study examines the cultural contents in one textbook series, which is currently in use for English as a foreign language (EFL) education among ethnic Mongol junior high students in Inner Mongolia, China, to understand the representations of multiculturalism and underlying power relations that appear in them. Applying Kachru and Nelson’s model of English spread and their categorisation into Inner, Outer and Expanding circles, this critical content analysis investigates which countries are introduced and how multicultural variables including race/ethnicity, gender/sexuality, social class, and people with disabilities are represented. The results show that representations of cultures of three circle countries and multicultural variables are shown in an unbalanced, stereotypical way and lack diversity. Additionally, we present the tensions within power relations among different countries, race/ethnicity, social classes, and gender/sexuality. The findings suggest that a critical multicultural perspective not only helps students and educators recognise both the international and internal diversity, but also urges educators and textbook writers to emphasise the importance of cultural knowledge of EFL textbooks to better serve ethnic Mongol students.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that, understood as modes of belonging, nationalism and multiculturalism are not incompatible, and indeed, the latter is a reconstruction of the symbolic terms of social unity of the former.
Abstract: Nationalism and multiculturalism seem to have opposed approaches to cultural diversity. However, recent calls for a “multicultural national identity” suggest the need for more nuances on this relation. This paper responds to these calls, and to some initial doubts, providing an account of political community, nationalism and multiculturalism conducive to fuller theorization of a multicultural form of national identity. To do this, it conceptualizes nationalism, liberalism and multiculturalism in terms of the concept of political belonging. It argues that, understood as modes of belonging, nationalism and multiculturalism are not incompatible, and indeed, the latter is a reconstruction of the symbolic terms of social unity of the former. Specifically, multiculturalism entails a form of national belonging that makes cultural difference a constitutive part of national unity, opening possibilities of diverse political community. Key to understanding this is distinguishing between general and specific valuations of diversity within multiculturalism. The paper further argues that a multicultural national identity is a viable alternative to existing models of national identity, offering both a different set of normative prescriptions and an alternative understanding of existing national identity in liberal-democratic states.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a research and development approach until the discovery of a proper textbook for traditional poetry writing learning, which used data analysis techniques at the need analysis stage through interactive models, and data analysis at the product testing stage using quantitative techniques with non-independent t-test statistics.
Abstract: This research aims to develop Indonesian Language textbooks with multiculturalism and character education for traditional poetry writing learning. This research uses a research and development approach until the discovery of a proper textbook. The subjects involved in this study were 101 elementary school fourth-graders, 33 teachers, and 2 Indonesian language and literature learning experts. Data analysis techniques at the need analysis stage through interactive models, and data analysis at the product testing stage using quantitative techniques with non-independent t-test statistics. Preliminary studies found that teachers and students needed creative writing skills textbooks developed by integrating the values of multiculturalism and character education. Textbook development referred to aspects of content, language, presentation, and graphics. Limited textbook product testing using t-test showed that t-obtained= -4,265 and t-table on α = 5 % is 2,064, so H0 is rejected. Broad testing also resulted in t-obtained= -6,426 and t-table = 2,004, so it can be decided that H0 is rejected. Students' traditional poetry writing skills after learning using textbooks are better than before learning using textbooks. Thus it is concluded that the textbooks developed are inferred worthy of use by teachers and students to improve their writing skills in elementary school.
TL;DR: In this paper, a qualitative study of multicultural education is presented, aiming at the equity and peaceful coexistence of multiple cultures and based on the broader ground of multiculturalism, multicultural education stands out as a vital subject.
Abstract: Aiming at the equity and peaceful coexistence of multiple cultures and based on the broader ground of multiculturalism, multicultural education stands out as a vital subject. This qualitative study...
TL;DR: Despite the implementation of multicultural policies since the 1970s, anxiety over cultural and religious "others" continue to challenge Australia's diversifying national identity as discussed by the authors, despite the success of multiculturalism.
Abstract: Despite the implementation of multicultural policies since the 1970s, anxiety over cultural and religious ‘others’ continue to challenge Australia’s diversifying national identity. Problematic medi...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider various diversity ideologies including assimilation, colorblindness, and multiculturalism with mixed results about their costs and benefits, and they consider the cost and benefits of different diversity ideologies.
Abstract: Various diversity ideologies including assimilation, colorblindness, and multiculturalism have been promoted with mixed results about their costs and benefits. In the current research, we consider ...
TL;DR: In an era of globalization, it is commonly assumed that multicultural experiences foster leadership effectiveness as discussed by the authors, however, little research has systematically tested this assumption, and therefore, little work has been done to systematically test this assumption.
Abstract: In an era of globalization, it is commonly assumed that multicultural experiences foster leadership effectiveness. However, little research has systematically tested this assumption. We develop a t...
TL;DR: The authors examined the shifting meanings of "culture" in newspaper articles on multiculturalism in Canada and on racial democracy in Brazil from the 1950s to the 2010s, and found that the shifting meaning of 'culture' can be traced back to the early 1970s.
Abstract: In this paper, I examine the shifting meanings of ‘culture’ in newspaper articles on multiculturalism in Canada and on racial democracy in Brazil from the 1950s to the 2010s. In the 1950s and 1960s...
TL;DR: The relationship between freedom of religion and ethno-religious equality was explored in this article, where the authors explore a number of pro-diversity approaches that suggest what a respectful and inclusive egalitarian governance of religious diversity might look like, and consider what might be usefully learnt from other countries, as Europe struggles with a deeper diversity than it has known for a long time.
TL;DR: For instance, this paper argued that multiculturalism, social justice, and social justice are important aspects of the Christian faith and that scholars in the literature seeking to integrate psychology and Christian theology have underrepres...
Abstract: Multiculturalism, social justice, and peace are important aspects of the Christian faith. However, scholars in the literature seeking to integrate psychology and Christian theology have underrepres...
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study explores the social positioning and identities of South Asian and Muslim girls in one British inner city secondary school, and the analysis is situated within the same context.
Abstract: This article reports on a case study exploring the social positioning and identities of South Asian and Muslim girls in one British inner city secondary school. The analysis is situated within the ...
01 Apr 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined community activities related to the national character values that embody multiculturalism and social integration in the Banuroja community using an ethnographic approach and found that the realization of multiculturalism, tolerance in beliefs/religions, appreciating other ethnic/religious activities by attending, and mutual cooperation is carried out through national and religious activities in the community.
Abstract: There have been many studies concerning Banuroja; however, there is always something novelty in creating a role model for village-based character education where the aim is to create a multicultural society into a multicultural community. This study examines community activities related to the national character values that embody multiculturalism and social integration in the Banuroja community. The method was qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Data were obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation carried out during 2019-2020. The validity of the data used triangulation, member checks, prolonged time, and peer debriefing. While the data analysis technique used ethnographic data analysis, namely describing, analyzing, and interpreting. The result shows that the realization of multiculturalism and social integration in the Banuroja community is carried out using three ways of assimilation, tolerance in beliefs/religions, appreciating other ethnic/religious activities by attending, and mutual cooperation. Guidance is also carried out through national and religious activities in the community, advice from parents in the family, and civic education in the schools, exemplary by community leaders, including ethnic, religious, and youth leaders.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze from a socio-juridical point of view, the consequences of religious symbology external to educational institutions and to be able to give a juridical truth, stripped of religious indoctrination.
Abstract: The interest to analyse the phenomenon of the exposure of religious symbols, particularly of the crucifix, in state schools in Italy and the principle of secularism, derives from the cultural and constitutional peculiarities that this system presents, as a consequence of the historical and cultural events that have influenced its ordering. First of all, it must be pointed out, as indeed it is evident, that Catholicism was the dominant faith for about two thousand years, and until recently, almost the only one. The Catholic religion has crossed the entire history of the country, penetrating and intertwining with the socio-cultural dynamics. For this reason, the Italian constitutional history has been crossed by the principle of tolerance. The latter can be considered clearly out-dated only with the Republican Constitution of 1948, thus the legal system emptied itself of its confessionalism. The last few years, as a result of strong migratory flows, the religious-cultural landscape, not only in Italy, but throughout Europe it seems to have changed. Other cultures have brought their own customs, languages and religions like a wave. Thus we are witnessing an extraordinary social, economic and juridical transformation. In this multicultural mosaic, the clash between civilizations could not be missing. Minorities have in many cases felt they were discriminated against, bullied and offended by the display in public buildings (schools, courtrooms, hospitals, etc.) of the symbol par excellence of Christianity, namely the crucifix, arousing the protest of parents of different faiths. All this has produced legal conflicts and jurisprudential rulings that have involved the European Court of Human Rights itself. This discussion aims to analyze from a socio-juridical point of view, the consequences of religious symbology external to educational institutions and to be able to give a juridical truth, stripped of religious indoctrination. This path will not be easy since every element inherent to religion touches delicate aspects, linked in particular with what is most profound in the people and culture of a country.
Received: 2 March 2021 / Accepted: 14 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a social work education model from an emerging collaboration among scholars in China, Aotearoa New Zealand, and the United States to adapt Western and Indigenous Māori theori was presented.
Abstract: This article documents a social work education model from an emerging collaboration among scholars in China, Aotearoa New Zealand, and the United States to adapt Western and Indigenous Māori theori...
04 Feb 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the harmony of Hindus and Muslims in Jembrana Bali is seen from a religious point of view as a cultural system involving both religious adherents.
Abstract: This study discusses the harmony of Hindus and Muslims in Jembrana Bali is seen from a religious point of view as a cultural system involving both religious adherents. The Ngejot and Male traditions are local traditions that show this Hindu-Muslim harmony. Through the theoretical approach of religion as a cultural system, this ethnographic study emphasizes the importance of embodying religious traditions through local culture. Although the tradition of Male originates from the Islamic tradition, cultural influences are able to encourage adaptation to Balinese customs so that harmony is more easily maintained. Here the Muslims understand their position to protect and respect the dominant culture adhered to by the majority of Hindus in Jembrana Bali. The same thing is done by Hindus who try to show a good response to Muslims by involving them in the tradition of Ngejot which was originally a Hindu tradition of worshiping God, to some extent shown by adjustments so as not to conflict with Muslim beliefs. A wealth of local traditions that shows a portrait of harmony between religious communities in Indonesia and becomes a model for multiculturalism education based on local traditions.
19 Jul 2021
TL;DR: The authors used National Sports and Society Survey data (n = 3,993) to assess cultural citizenship in sports interactions and found that sport interactions offer contested cultural terrain where cultural citizenship is continually (re)established.
Abstract: Sports interactions offer contested cultural terrain where cultural citizenship is continually (re)established. Relatedly, this study uses National Sports and Society Survey data (n = 3,993) to ass...
TL;DR: The authors argue that education was a crucial area of early interaction between Muslims and the state and also tend to situate Muslim-state in the early history of the UK and the UK.
Abstract: Existing accounts of the history of England’s Muslims generally agree that education was a crucial area of early interaction between Muslims and the state. They also tend to situate Muslim–state in...
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a novel differentiation between religious and ethnic self-identification that accounts for in-group income inequality and the social role of the group, arguing that ethnicity-based identities tend to be associated with economic activities, thereby increasing the demand for income equality within such groups.
Abstract: Previous research has either equated religion- and language-based group identities or asserted that their social effects are the same. This article proposes a novel differentiation between religious and ethnic self-identification that accounts for in-group income inequality and the social role of the group. The study argues that ethnicity-based identities tend to be associated with economic activities, thereby increasing the demand for income equality within such groups. Religious identities, on the contrary, are centered around noneconomic activities and have the ideological framework for reconciling material inequalities. The observable implication of this distinction is that the high-, low-, and middle-income categories of the multicultural society will display differential association with ethnic and religious identities. Ethnic groups will have lower in-group income inequality as a result of the exclusion of the poor and the departure of the rich. Religious groups, on the contrary, will have higher in-group income inequality due to the capacity of religion to accommodate both poor and rich. Relevant empirical tests from the ethnically and religiously diverse Russian North Caucasus region indicate support for the proposed theory.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the starting point of every encounter with the other and the different should be the human being and its experience of humanity, not an intellectual polemic about doctrines and ideologies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cultural hegemony permeates society and is spread through social institutions, and these institutions socialize people into the norms, values and beliefs of the dominant social groups.
Abstract: Cultural hegemony permeates society and is spread through social institutions. These institutions socialize people into the norms, values and beliefs of the dominant social groups. Moreover, cultur...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on three research questions: 1) What is the socio-historical context of the Bacan Sultanate from which the concept of Saruma emerged? 2) Why has the South Halmahera government failed to apply the concept in its policy on managing diversity? 3) What are the impacts of this dualism on the people.
Abstract: The issue of dualism in the South Halmahera government policy on managing cultural diversity in the Bacan Sultanate is an interesting phenomenon to study. Saruma , the multicultural icon used to manage diversity in the Bacan Sultanate, is not reflected in governmental policy or society, in general. This study focused on three research questions: 1) What is the socio-historical context of the Bacan Sultanate from which the concept of Saruma emerged? 2) Why has the South Halmahera government failed to apply the concept of Saruma in its policy on managing diversity? 3) What are the impacts of this dualism on the people? This qualitative research employed observation techniques to understand the community’s dynamics. In-depth interviews were conducted to obtain data concerning the people’s social lives as well as the government’s policy and its impact on society. A literature review was undertaken to understand related research and to formulate a theoretical framework as an analytical device. The results showed that in spite of the cultural authority owned by the Sultanate, the absence of political authority has led to a failure to implement its Saruma concept in managing the cultural diversity. The change of political system from representation to participation has also led to transactional politics, which benefits the majority but disadvantages the minority, and the traditions of domination and hegemony, in turn, have discriminated against the minority, endangering their identity.