Showing papers on "Product design specification published in 2020"
TL;DR: This paper proposes a blockchain-based solution for product traceability produced using additive manufacturing, guaranteeing secure and trusted traceability, accessibility, and immutability of transactions, and data provenance among supply chain stakeholders.
Abstract: Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a major advancement in the digitization of manufacturing and production operations. Additive manufacturing uses three dimensional digital design, software and hardware equipment to precisely deposit layered materials for on-demand product manufacturing. The distinct advantages in enabling additive manufacturing includes cost efficiency, reduced time-to-market, flexibility and precise customization. However, several challenges such as trusted traceability, certification for quality compliance, and protecting intellectual property need to be addressed. Blockchain-based distributed ledgers provide tremendous advantages for product traceability and ensure trust among participating stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution for product traceability produced using additive manufacturing, guaranteeing secure and trusted traceability, accessibility, and immutability of transactions, and data provenance among supply chain stakeholders. Our proposed solution utilizes Ethereum smart contracts to govern and trace transactions initiated by participants involved in the manufacturing process. Decentralized storage of Inter-Planetary File Systems is used to store and share design files, IoT device records, and additional product specifications. We provide the system architecture, implementation, and detailed algorithms that demonstrate the working principles of our proposed solution for secure AM. Furthermore, we present detailed security and cost analysis of the solution highlighting its efficiency with respect to key security and performance requirements.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a coding guideline was designed to analyze all the amendments to the product specifications, identifying the type of rules that were modified, and finding out whether the amendments resulted in more flexible or more restrictive rules, and the respective justifications given by producers.
Abstract: Protected designations of origin (PDO) and Protected geographical indications (PGI) in the European Union have been recognized through a sound legal framework for more than three decades. We are recently witnessing an increased number of amendments to the product specifications of registered PDO/PGI. This paper aims to understand how PDO/PGI for the fruit and vegetables product class have evolved. Until 31 December 2018, there were 379 PDO/PGI registered under the fruit and vegetables product class and 81 amendments approved. We designed a coding guideline to: (i) analyze all the amendments to the product specifications; (ii) identify the type of rules that were modified; (iii) find out whether the amendments resulted in more flexible or more restrictive rules, and (iv) the respective justifications given by producers. We designed a database to manage all the information. Overall, amendments brought more flexible rules (particularly in Italy and Spain), while France showed a more diversified situation. Concerning the justifications stated by producers for amending the product specification, market changes, available new technology, and strengthening product quality were the most important, while environmental concerns were less relevant. Then, we in-depth analyzed the amendments that were explicitly justified with environmental reasons. The analysis showed only a light movement towards more environment-friendly rules, although environmental justifications were often used “indirectly”, as a means to achieve better marketing competitiveness, meeting new market demand and reducing production costs. These results seem consistent with previous studies, which indicated market forces as a primary motivation to amend product specifications.
30 citations
TL;DR: A manufacturing-oriented model of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS), one of the most solid and robust MCDM methods, is proposed and applied to the specific case of a producer of food and beverage plants and equipment that is interested in reengineering one of its products.
Abstract: When manufacturing a product, companies must consider the specifications of its design and choose the manufacturing technology that matches them the best in terms of product quality, production time and costs. Since all these parameters can be represented by several different and conflicting indicators, the problem of technology selection can be defined as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Although several mathematical models have been developed to solve similar problems, recent literature still presents a lack of specific applications of renowned decision-making techniques to the technology matching problem in the manufacturing sector. This study attempts to fill this gap by proposing a manufacturing-oriented model of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS), one of the most solid and robust MCDM methods. The solution we present, which is designed for general manufacturing processes, has been applied to the specific case of a producer of food and beverage plants and equipment that is interested in reengineering one of its products. Due to the complexity of the food and beverage industry, the case study is useful for supporting the definition of the general model and validating its applicability. Further, the results of the specific application prove the effectiveness of our model.
23 citations
TL;DR: The LF was used as a place for developing a cyber model, preparing a physical prototype, and testing the selected solution that was deployed in the real manufacturing plant provided by the SME and enabled students to put into practice their knowledge on cyber-physical systems learned in an academic environment.
14 citations
13 citations
01 Sep 2020
TL;DR: The ambiguous proposal evaluation problem is defined and a solution which enables such proposals to be compared and ranked is developed through the utilisation of fuzzy logic in combination with a multi-criteria decision-making method.
Abstract: A complex decision-making challenge senior managers commonly face is the selection of the winning bid from multiple project proposals. Project selection decisions become more complex when providers deliberately choose to introduce ambiguity to their project proposals rather than address the client's predetermined set of desired specifications. In particular, providers suggest in their proposals a range of values for some product specifications. Providers introduce ambiguity for various reasons, such as future technological advances and strategic misrepresentation. Further, such disruptive behaviour is tolerated by clients for reasons such as ambition, lack of knowledge, uncertain needs, complexity and a lack of competition. This paper defines the ambiguous proposal evaluation problem and develops a solution which enables such proposals to be compared and ranked. The solution is developed through the utilisation of fuzzy logic in combination with a multi-criteria decision-making method, and is illustrated on a procurement project. The contribution of this paper is firstly to define a practical problem in the literature and secondly to develop a solution which enables ranking ambiguous options.
11 citations
TL;DR: This article uses natural language processing and machine learning techniques to map product review text, which is crawled from e-commerce websites to the corresponding product specifications, to improve the efficiency of product customization and shield customers and companies from the back-and-forth communication procedure in the customization service.
Abstract: Smart customization service is an important element for smart manufacturing. The success of smart customization requires that designers, manufacturers, and customers with differences in context, semantics, and other cognitive aspects be engaged in a collaborative process. With product configurators reported to have positive impacts on product quality to meet customers’ needs, this article attempts to explore an approach for smart customization service based on configurators. To better address the semantic gap between customers and designers/manufacturers, a new configuration mechanism is proposed that takes into consideration customer needs using natural language as the input and maps them to product specifications in the design stage. We collected a massive amount of review text from e-commerce websites and used ELMo, a contextualized word representation based on a deep bidirectional language model, to encode the text. A multitask learning-based neural network was adopted to build the mapping from layman customer needs to product specifications. Our experiments show that this approach can achieve a promising performance for the configuration task and, thereby, facilitate smart customization services. Note to Practitioners —Smart customization has been adopted by various industries to tailor companies’ business streams and customize solutions for customers. It is a complicated service process involving cross-functional teams for identifying customer needs and establishing product design and manufacturing specifications. However, communication in the collaborative process may be challenging. Customers may express their needs using layman’s terms. The expressed needs can even be ambiguous and imprecise. Miscommunication hinders the efficiency of smart customization services. This article uses natural language processing and machine learning techniques to map product review text, which is crawled from e-commerce websites to the corresponding product specifications. Given a new customer’s needs in free-form text, the mapping can automatically identify the satisfactory product configurations. This has the potential to improve the efficiency of product customization and shield customers and companies from the back-and-forth communication procedure in the customization service.
11 citations
TL;DR: The method called design structure network (DSN) is proposed, allowing the visualization of the design variables as nodes of a network and the relations of interdependence as links and the specification reasoning can be represented as a path that connects the nodes in a network.
Abstract: The process of product design specification is subjective in nature and this motivates the application of approaches and methods to make it explicit. Among the available approaches, the systematization of the development of a single product, modular products, family of products and products for mass customization stands out. Among the methods, the design structure matrix (DSM) is highlighted, as well as the use of networks to represent the variables and their interdependence relations. Representation is very important to increase the cognitive capacity of those involved in the design and to facilitate communication between specialists and non-specialists. The clarification of the knowledge and reasoning of the design increases the complexity of the specification, which needs to be managed. In this work, the method called design structure network (DSN) is proposed, allowing the visualization of the design variables as nodes of a network and the relations of interdependence as links and the specification reasoning can be represented as a path that connects the nodes in a network. For the management of network complexity, ten principles based on cognitive processes are implemented. The DSN method was applied in the geometric specification of surfboard, and the results obtained show the potential of graphical representation of the specification reasoning, as well as the ability to reduce the complexity of the network.
11 citations
TL;DR: A framework to analyze the role of social learning in food quality governance and adaptation and the design of multi-level social learning arenas can help protecting the product identity of evolving social-ecological systems and may contribute to a consistent and long-term strategy going beyond short-term local pressures.
Abstract: Food producers can define collective quality standards and legally protect the origin, characteristics, traditions and the reputation of a place-based product through geographical indications (GIs). Producers, processors and other relevant actors in the GI production system codify and adapt their production rules via the GI Product Specification and possible amendments. Based on the Management and Transition Framework (Pahl-Wostl et al. 2010), we developed a framework to analyze the role of social learning in food quality governance and adaptation. We analyzed as case studies two cheeses protected by a Protected Designation of Origin, Laguiole (France) and Bitto (Italy). They were selected according to diverse institutional contexts, existing amendments of the Product Specification, and access to documents and interviewees willing and capable to recall the amendment processes. A comparative case study approach served to analyze the amendment processes embedded in different arenas for social learning. Actors amended their Product Specification due to both system-internal (e.g., locally generated knowledge, negotiation processes) and external (e.g., market evolution, new breeds/varieties) pressures. In the two cases, there have been social learning processes among local producers, with diverging outcomes. The results shed light on the dynamic interactions of the drivers for amendments, knowledge generation and integration processes, social learning and negotiation, learning outcomes as well as re–evaluation and re-negotiation. The design of multi-level social learning arenas can help protecting the product identity of evolving social-ecological systems and may contribute to a consistent and long-term strategy going beyond short-term local pressures.
11 citations
01 Aug 2020
TL;DR: An approach for integrating life-cycle assessment (LCA) into the eco-design of lighting products was developed and a newly designed product was found to provide better environmental performance than the existing products (a 27–58% reduction in environmental impact).
Abstract: An approach for integrating life-cycle assessment (LCA) into the eco-design of lighting products was developed, and LCAs of five lighting products that are currently on the market were then carried out using this approach. Based on the results of these LCAs, the sustainability requests for lighting products were derived and embedded into the product design specification (PDS), thus ensuring that any product developed according to the PDS would have the desired eco-design features. A new sustainable lighting product was then designed according to the PDS and manufactured, after which the new product underwent LCA. Upon comparing the results of the LCA of the new product with the LCA results for the existing lighting products, the newly designed product was found to provide better environmental performance than the existing products (a 27–58% reduction in environmental impact).
10 citations
28 Dec 2020
TL;DR: Findings indicate that significance of the elements of designing the quality product was at a high level and there was a positive relationship between the design process among each aspect of the product design, and the correlation shows a moderate level.
Abstract: Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the essential tools to create technical documentation and product specification for designing a product. Because of this, a survey conducted to identify the needs and importance of the design aspect such as design requirement, design concept, detailed product design and design evaluation. The result of a descriptive analysis indicated that significance of the elements of designing the quality product was at a high level. Findings also state that there was a positive relationship between the design process among each aspect of the product design, and the correlation shows a moderate level.
Keywords: Design Requirement; Design Concept; Detailed Product Design; Design Evaluation.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2545
TL;DR: This article will try to focus on critical issues encountered during a validation process of a geographical infrastructure in the railway context, including the compliance with standards together with traditional cartography evaluating approaches.
Abstract: The technological evolution that marks the passage from traditional cartographies towards topographic databases in term of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) is characterised, at the surveying level, by the availability of different sources and tools for acquiring data: remote sensing, drones, laser scanners, etc. These multi-diversity sources have a significant impact during the dataset evaluation phases: above all, for each individual step, a specific sensor is used and its technical characteristics are taken into account, as well as the connections between the different steps that contribute to create the final database. Therefore, data product specification is the first step towards understanding which spatial database quality and requirements must be satisfied. At this transitional time, while the sources and tools have yet to be established in the processing and methodologies, this article will try to focus on critical issues encountered during a validation process of a geographical infrastructure in the railway context. The validation process has been carried out by a step-by-step approach. Basically, a consolidated validation methodology has been adopted for traditional products also carried out by new sensors, while a comparison with ISO (International Standard Organization) standard specifications has been followed for innovative survey (Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS)). Finally, for the GeoTopographic DataBase (GTDB) both massive (informatics procedures) and traditional thematic evaluation of accuracy have been combined. Therefore, the adherence with standards has been referred to take into account both the quality of data and the conformity to data product specifications. The considerable variety and the amount of the provided data, the harmonisation between different evaluation processes, the need to validate with short time and the lack of on-the-field surveys have been hardly considered as requirements, as well as the compliance with standards together with traditional cartography evaluating approaches.
TL;DR: A systematic method for modeling and analysis of dependencies and correlations among product specifications and critical design parameters for supporting design decisions is proposed.
01 Jul 2020
TL;DR: Fuzzy logic and NLP are employed in this work with consider all categories of comments to measure their given weightage by customer tweets to show aspect based sentiment analysis on social data is performing well.
Abstract: Social Media is good information medium for disclosing information of products and services of E-Commerce Business. This information is provided by customers themselves on their purchased product. Aspect based sentiment analyzes of feature/specification quoted by the customers. Such specifications/reviews are available in Twitter, Flipkart websites. This research work considered reviews of features/specifications on Twitter and Flipkart websites. Hence this work focused on analyzing the problems of customer on buying quality products. This work is automated to extracts the semantic based aspects or features and their opinion for the task of analyzing comments. Fuzzy logic and NLP are employed in this work with consider all categories of comments to measure their given weightage by customer tweets. For experimentation real time Twitter data and Flipkart data has been used. Experimental result and performance analysis report proved that aspect based sentiment analysis on social data on this work is performing well. In this work hidden information about the product specification has been retrieved and produced concise information to customers perceives about the product specification and eases the customers to take decision on the purchase quality product. And also assist the business organization to take decision on the product specification and improve their business according to their customer’s opinion and expectation.
Patent•
16 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for modifying an initial customized cosmetic product is presented, where the initial customized product is created based on an initial cosmetic product specification or an existing specification of a non-custom product.
Abstract: Systems and methods herein are developed which enable modification of an initial customized cosmetic product, wherein the initial customized cosmetic product is created based on an initial customized cosmetic product specification or an existing specification of a non-custom product. One such system for making a custom cosmetic product from an existing non-custom cosmetic product is configured to be capable of: characterizing a non-custom product with a known key comprised of at least one search component; providing user interaction to modify at least one of the at least one search components in this key to create a modified key; and using the modified key to produce custom product by evaluating a neighborhood of closest keys to determine manufacturing instructions. Further, a system to modify a custom product is configured to be capable of: specifying a custom cosmetic product by a known key comprised of at least one search component; providing user interaction to modify at least one search component in this key to create a modified key; and using the modified key to produce custom product by evaluating a neighborhood of closest keys to determine manufacturing instruction.
TL;DR: Focusing on the most critical issue of datum establishment and datum hierarchy, the capability of existing tolerancing tools, as provided by the ISO GPS standards, to serve the process-specific AM needs is systematically examined.
Abstract: The evolving technology of additive manufacturing (AM) is posing novel challenges in manufacturing practice since nowadays functional, end-use components, and assemblies are produced by commercially available AM equipment. In order to safeguard the functionality and the interchangeability of a part, the designer must clearly denote a set of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) in the 3D model or in the engineering drawing by using the existing standards, e.g., ISO 1101, ISO 5459, and ISO 1660. Apparently, the family of ISO GPS standards that are currently used in design, manufacture, and verification has been developed so as to address the needs of traditional manufacturing processes rather than AM. Supported by numerous recent publications, the argument that current standardization does not sufficiently support the geometrical specification and verification of AM parts is getting more and more popular. The paper investigates and questions the need for the development of AM process-specific standards, related to the tolerancing and verification of mechanical components, as encountered with castings, forgings, and composites. Focusing on the most critical issue of datum establishment and datum hierarchy, the capability of existing tolerancing tools, as provided by the ISO GPS standards, to serve the process-specific AM needs is systematically examined. Moreover, major AM process-specific parameters such as build direction, layer thickness, support structure, and hatching plan are linked with the datum system designation and datum hierarchy tasks through a design case study and analysis. The major findings of this research pointing towards the establishment of AM-specific design-for-accuracy good practices are presented and discussed.
TL;DR: This paper takes some initial steps toward a mathematical definition of the reconstruction operation and explores fundamental concepts for specification and verification and challenges and future research are highlighted.
TL;DR: A novel risk-based methodology to assess the risk that a lot declared to have passed truly meets product specifications is proposed, which provides a probabilistic statement about the true quality of the batch.
TL;DR: The UNIMMAP-MMS Product Specification as discussed by the authors was developed to support the manufacturing and distribution of the MMS globally, including ingredients, excipients, and processing aids used in the manufacturing process.
Abstract: The multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) based on the United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP) formula provides women and their offspring with a healthy start to life in an efficacious, safe, and cost-effective way. To date, however, no precise and transparent specifications exist to support the manufacturing and distribution of UNIMMAP-MMS globally. To palliate for this need, the MMS Technical Advisory Group at the New York Academy of Sciences and the Micronutrient Forum convened a technical consultation to develop an open access UNIMMAP-MMS Product Specification for the manufacturing of this product. The specifications offered in this paper cover: ingredients, excipients, and processing aids used in the manufacturing of UNIMMAP-MMS; stability studies recommended under different testing conditions and climatic zones; packaging considerations; manufacturing standards, including pharmacopeia standards, manufacturing practices, certificates of analysis, change control, and quality agreement; finished product specifications, including tablet characterization and purity, potency assay; analytical test methods; and storage and transportation requirements.
TL;DR: Neural graph embeddings can be used to encode product, user, and review information into an attributed heterogeneous graph representation based on which similarities can be calculated and provide statistically significantly improved performance over various strong baselines.
TL;DR: Detailed conceptual level planning at various stages and sequential phases of product development, design methodologies, appropriate solutions of development challenges, testing and validation of high performance microwave frequency up-converter module operating in X-band are explained.
Abstract: This article explains design methodologies, appropriate solutions of development challenges, testing and validation of high performance microwave frequency up-converter module operating in X-band. Multi-function up-converter prototype has been designed and developed for sophisticated applications. This article describes detailed conceptual level planning at various stages and sequential phases of product development. Design risks allied with electrical and mechanical plans are explained based on an area of application for a developed prototype. Product specification formulation, block diagram development, schematic design and simulation of critical components have been accomplished. The importance of assembly method, quality inspection along with testing measures are also explained in this article. Functional testing and measurement of a developed prototype with importance of different parameters have been covered. Finally, a prototype is tested under different stress screenings for checking performance redundancy in operational environmental conditions as per application.
TL;DR: The paper investigates the influence of the deformations induced during assembly and operation on GPS and suggests that for an unpredictably wide range of mechanical components the default, free-state GPS scheme should only be assigned after rigorous analysis of their compliance behaviour.
Abstract: One of the most critical tasks within the scope of Design for Manufacturing (DfM) is to define the set of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) in the 3D model or in the engineering drawing that ensures the functionality and the interchangeability of parts, as well as the intended functional performance of an assembly. Several methodologies have been proposed for the optimal designation of such specifications; however, the majority of them do not effectively take into account the deformations that are inevitably induced during assembly and operation for the vast majority of mechanical components. Motivated by the widely accepted tolerancing practice for sheet metal parts in the automotive industry, where the distinction between free state and constrained state is considered, the paper investigates the influence of the deformations induced during assembly and operation on GPS. The effect of part stiffness in the resultant functional GPS of the assembly/component is explored, through CAD surfacing and non-linear numerical finite element analysis tools including the contact problem. The current stage of development of a novel, performance-based methodology for the GD&T design procedure is presented. The methodology is applied on a real-world mechanical assembly that is derived from tolerance stack up-related literature. This study illustrated is that for an unpredictably wide range of mechanical components the default, free-state GPS scheme should only be assigned after rigorous analysis of their compliance behaviour. The proposed approach will lead to deduce the correlation between production cost and performance through a further development in future study.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This project focuses on how the QFD is implemented and applied in designing a car seat and the result is a new ergonomics car seat design.
Abstract: Quality Function Deployment (QFD) plays a big role in product design and development. It is consisted of several techniques which are very useful and suitable to be applied in whatever field. This project focuses on how the QFD is implemented and applied in designing a car seat. Ergonomics study is important because it helps to analyze the human posture behavior. According to QFD, the process of designing a new product starts from customer’s requirement. Then some of concepts are developed as the early picture resulting from the product design specification and customer’s requirement. Other techniques were applied such as morphology chart, concept generation and concept screening. These techniques were then lead into concept selection using weighted scoring method. CAD was performed by using SolidWorks CAD software. An ergonomics analysis were also studied to see the final score of the design using RULA analysis. As the result from QFD process, a new ergonomics car seat design is developed.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the distinction between prototype and product is clearly described and the concept of “Engineering, Design and Process” is discussed in detail for the product design approach.
Abstract: In this paper, the distinction between prototype and product is clearly described. During product design, there are many processes involved which pave a way for an operational product. The discussion on different types of prototypes gives the designer a better insight into the product deployment and testing phase. The in-depth knowledge of the testing involved in different types of prototypes assures that all the technical specifications and product specifications are considered. A questionnaire is developed to design the product that gives the detailed description of the design flow which is to be followed during the development phase. The field testing steps to be followed are known in advance if a proper design flow is adopted. The concept of “Engineering, Design and Process” is discussed in detail for the product design approach.
30 Aug 2020
TL;DR: ManitobaSat-1 is a CubeSat project implementing project management approaches found in other industries that enable efficient system engineering practices, providing managers with a meaningful metric to monitor the health of the project.
Abstract: ManitobaSat-1 is a CubeSat project implementing project management approaches found in other industries that enable efficient system engineering practices. One of the major roles of a systems engineer is to control requirements that dictate product specifications, functions, and related tasks. These functions provide engineers a metric that better reflects the technical progress of a project compared to Earned Value management. This project management approach combines the roles of systems engineer with project manager by using requirements verification activities to capture the technical progress of a project, providing managers with a meaningful metric to monitor the health of the project.
29 May 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an approach to automatically create a training dataset for this problem and find that they provide much better performance than the Siamese model, previously applied for the problem.
Abstract: While buying a product from the e-commerce websites, customers generally have a plethora of questions. From the perspective of both the e-commerce service provider as well as the customers, there must be an effective question answering system to provide immediate answer to the user queries. While certain questions can only be answered after using the product, there are many questions which can be answered from the product specification itself. Our work takes a first step in this direction by finding out the relevant product specifications, that can help answering the user questions. We propose an approach to automatically create a training dataset for this problem. We utilize recently proposed XLNet and BERT architectures for this problem and find that they provide much better performance than the Siamese model, previously applied for this problem. Our model gives a good performance even when trained on one vertical and tested across different verticals.
12 Dec 2020
TL;DR: Learning Management Systems (LMS) or Learning Content Management System (LCMS) are the core of e-learning platforms and have evolved according to the development of new information and communication technologies as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Learning Management Systems (LMS) or Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) are the core of e-learning platforms and have evolved according to the development of new information and communication technologies. In this type of software there are many products on the market, some developed by the institutions themselves (in-house), others are free and open source software (FOSS) and others are more commercial, varying in functionality and technology, but almost always adhering to the standards used in e-learning so that learning objects fulfill their purpose of being usable and reusable. This paper introduces you to current LMS / LCMS, main functions, distinctive features, related standards, and their current status. Then there is a presentation of Machine Learning as a branch of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Computing as a fusion discipline between computation, cognition, psychology and artificial intelligence, to end in a proposal for the incorporation of these technologies in a new generation of e-learning platforms, all in an integrated framework of interoperability and governance.
01 May 2020
TL;DR: A discrete-event simulation of a PSS as a method for the specification of the product part is presented and the customer requirements could be guaranteed as the essential product specifications were optimized to minimize total costs.
Abstract: Boundaries between products and services vanish and companies increasingly offer hybrid solutions known as Product Service Systems (PSS). Thereby, a holistic view that includes both the product and service parts must be taken. This paper presents a discrete-event simulation of a PSS as a method for the specification of the product part. Besides product and service, the application scenario and the decision-making are also modeled. Based on the results for a case study, the customer requirements could be guaranteed as the essential product specifications were optimized to minimize total costs.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This chapter will review the historical product recalls including natural hazard and the methodology of its reliability assessment that were developed in the last century.
Abstract: This chapter will review the historical product recalls including natural hazard and the methodology of its reliability assessment that were developed in the last century. Based on product specifications, engineer would develop new mechanism and its structure. In marketplace product recalls frequently happen. They come from the inheritance design defects in the problematic parts and are determined by the lifetime of product. If product is subjected to repeated loads or overloading and there is faulty design, product failure suddenly arises in its lifetime. To prevent it, engineers in the previous century have developed new reliability concepts such as the bathtub curve, Weibull analysis, data analysis, and the others. For instance, the frequent derail accidents of railroad in the early of nineteen century started the research for its root cause and made the S-N Curve. The chronic failed vacuum tube in the WWII created the bathtub curve. As NASA developed for the space shuttle program in the mid-sixties, FMEA, FTA and Weibull analysis for reliability testing today have been widely used in company. Now since Integrated Circuit (IC), transistor radio and TV in the late of 1960s are introduced, Physics Of Failure (POF) become more important tools to analyze the failure mechanics in product. However, in the field of mechanical/civil system, representative POFs were still fracture and fatigue. As improperly choosing shape and material in the design process, product has faulty design—enough strength and stiffness in the final structure of product. As a solution mechanical engineer should find the problematic parts by reliability testing method and modify them before product launches in market.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This work takes a first step in this direction by finding out the relevant product specifications, that can help answering the user questions, and proposes an approach to automatically create a training dataset for this problem.
Abstract: While buying a product from the e-commerce websites, customers generally have a plethora of questions. From the perspective of both the e-commerce service provider as well as the customers, there must be an effective question answering system to provide immediate answers to the user queries. While certain questions can only be answered after using the product, there are many questions which can be answered from the product specification itself. Our work takes a first step in this direction by finding out the relevant product specifications, that can help answering the user questions. We propose an approach to automatically create a training dataset for this problem. We utilize recently proposed XLNet and BERT architectures for this problem and find that they provide much better performance than the Siamese model, previously applied for this problem. Our model gives a good performance even when trained on one vertical and tested across different verticals.