Showing papers on "Resource dependence theory published in 2004"

Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions

Abstract: Do outside directors on corporate boards make a difference in firm performance during institutional transitions? What leads to the practice of appointing outside directors in the absence of legal mandate? This article addresses these two important questions by drawing not only on agency theory, but also resource dependence and institutional theories. Taking advantage of China's institutional transitions, our findings, based on an archival database covering 405 publicly listed firms and 1211 company–years, suggest that outsider directors do make a difference in firm performance, if such performance is measured by sales growth, and that they have little impact on financial performance such as return on equity (ROE). The results also document a bandwagon effect behind the diffusion of the practice of appointing outsiders to corporate boards. The article not only highlights the need to incorporate multiple theories beyond agency theory in corporate governance research, but also generates policy implications in light of the recent trend toward having more outside directors on corporate boards in emerging economies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Complex Resource-Based View: Implications for Theory and Practice in Strategic Human Resource Management

Abstract: I consider the implications for research and practice in strategic human resource management (SHRM) of a complex, living-systems extension of the resource-based view (RBV). I do so by demonstrating that concepts from complexity align well with the RBV, and I extend the RBV by considering critical but difficult aspects commonly identified in the RBV strategy literature. An integrated framework for SHRM is presented, allowing an application of complexity principles at the appropriate level of abstraction in the HR system.

In search of sustained competitive advantage: the impact of organizational culture, competitive strategy and human resource management practices on firm performance

Abstract: We develop and test a dynamic model of co-specialized resources for competitive advantage. Using matched data from senior executives and human resource managers, we test the direct and interactive effects of high-performance human resource (HPHR) practices and organizational culture on firm performance. Although the HPHR practices were not an important influence on performance, our findings indicate that organizational culture can be a valuable resource for companies.

Emergent patterns of strategy, environment and performance in a transition economy

Abstract: Insights from the resource dependence approach, dynamic fit, and strategic choice theories are used to explore the strategies adopted by Chinese enterprises, their settings, and the relationship between strategy, environment, and performance. Results from 959 firms indicate that respondents operating under ‘more marketized’ institutional settings tend to locate themselves in more munificent environments and place greater emphasis on meeting customer needs. Firms in China do not trade off one strategic direction against another, and certain strategy/environment coalignments have significant implications for performance. In particular, performance is better in more marketized and munificent environments and amongst firms who adopt an ‘aggressive’ strategic posture. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resource dependence and community well-being in rural Canada.

Abstract: The well-being of residents of resource dependent communities is a question of traditional interest to rural sociologists. The label “resource dependent” obscures how this relationship may vary between particular resource industries, regions, or indicators of well-being. Few analyses have compared the relationship between well-being and resource dependence across different industries, nor tested competing theories about the relationship between resource dependence and well-being. Our paper presents an overview of the relationship between resource dependence—agriculture, fisheries, mining, energy, forestry—and human well-being in Canada. Analysis of 1996 Statistics Canada data revealed a great deal of variation in the effect of “resource” dependence on indicators of well-being (e.g., human capital, unemployment, income): some industries exhibit fairly positive outcomes (e.g., agriculture), others more negative outcomes (e.g., fishing). Consistent with analyses conducted in the United States, these relationships vary by region, suggesting the need for models that incorporate the particulars of place and industry.

Breakthrough Board Performance: How to Harness Your Board’s Intellectual Capital

Abstract: To date, corporate governance research agendas have tended to concentrate on one particular role that a board performs. For instance, agency theory concentrates on the monitoring role, resource dependence theory concentrates on the board providing access to resources and stewardship theory concentrates on the board’s advice‐giving or strategic role. While these approaches provide practitioners with useful guidelines regarding issues such as board independence, we contend that practitioners need to take care not to act on the recommendations from a single theory in isolation from the others. To address this concern, we provide a model of board effectiveness that uses the construct of board intellectual capital to integrate the predominant theories of corporate governance and illustrate how the board can drive corporate performance. We further contend that boards that wish to improve their performance need to review their intellectual capital. We conclude by linking the model to a practitioner‐focused framework that identifies four key areas on which a board must concentrate to develop its intellectual capital.

Theory in Progress: Dyadic Power Theory: Constructing a Communication-Based Theory of Relational Power

Abstract: Power is an integral part of any relationship, especially close familial relationships, because it determines how the partners relate to each other and how decisions are made. Rollins and Bahr's (1976) theory of power in marital relationships, referred to here as Dyadic Power Theory, is expanded to consider communication behavior, and to include other family dyads in addition to marriage. The theory, which emphasizes the dyadic nature of power, draws on past perspectives of power including those posited by social exchange theory, the chilling effect, sex roles, and normative resource theory. It is proposed that perceptions of legitimate authority to make decisions and access to a variety of resources increase individuals' perceptions of their own power compared to their partner. Perceptions of power, in turn, increase the likelihood of using dominant communication behavior in an attempt to control the interaction. Greater control attempts lead to greater influence over decisions. It is also predicted that...

Natural resources and civil strife : a two-stage process.

Abstract: This article explains why resource-rich countries tend to spawn predatory political states that distort the economy and create four of Collier's conditions for civil strife, namely a growth collapse, low educational attainment, a large cohort of unemployed young males and high resource dependence. Yet, the article also shows that these conditions characterize the resource-rich countries as a group, and most have avoided civil strife. The second part of the study therefore identifies the specific properties of natural resources associated with conflict, namely socio-economic linkages, the ratio of commodity value to weight and relative location. However, this manifestation of the resource curse, like others, is not a deterministic phenomenon so that domestic and global policies can limit resource-driven conflict.

Network dynamics of interorganizational cooperation: the Croatian civil society movement

Abstract: Throughout the world, social cause organizations and independent media organizations work together, despite their differences and competition with each other for resources, toward creating civil society. This paper assesses the network dynamics of a system of cooperative competitors in Croatia. The research is framed from the theoretical perspectives of resource dependency, cooperation competition, and structural holes with results that describe the roles of various organizations in the development of civil society. Network relationships are described among 18 civil society organizations from their initial participation in the Croatian transformation in the year 2000 to a democratic nation to two years later. Results identify benefits and drawbacks of the general system structure, specific organization's network roles, and reputations associated with networking activities. Theoretical implications address the complementary contributions of using multiple theoretical perspectives to approach interorganizat...

Capital Structure in Transition: The Transformation of Financial Strategies in China's Emerging Economy

Abstract: During economic transition, firms must dramatically reduce their financial dependence on the state and begin to borrow from nonstate capital sources. This paper draws on institutional and resource dependence theories to examine this fundamental transformation of firm capital structure during China's transition. I propose that managers borrowed from external sources even when internal funds were available because retained earnings were considered state assets. Firms used retained earnings to signal financial health but borrowed externally to reduce dependence on the state. Uncertainty during transformation produced interfirm imitation of borrowing strategies, particularly imitation of local and high status others. I argue that the dynamics of market development shaped firm borrowing strategies and that these strategies are best viewed as trajectories over time. Analysis of survey data on the 1980-1989 capital structure of formerly state-owned firms provides support for these arguments and highlights the importance of institutional context in understanding corporate borrowing and strategic decision making.

How do corporate champions promote innovations

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss which factors influence the impact of innovation champions on organisations. This is done by means of a systematic review of existing research. Many of the studies do not have a solid theoretical base. However, we find that resource dependency theory provides a theoretical framework in which innovation champions can be understood. We also show explicitly how other theories such as network theory, agency theory, and personal trait theory are needed in order to explain certain elements of the champions' behaviour. We propose an overall model, discuss theoretical and managerial implications of previous research, and suggest areas for future research.

Defining the social capital of the board of directors: An exploratory study

Abstract: This paper advances the resource dependence and social networks literature by investigating a board's structural social capital created as a consequence of interlocking directorates. Using approaches and measures developed by social network analysis we compare the interpersonal directorship networks of the top 250 companies in the United States and Australia. We find that the smaller, sparser Australian network is only marginally less compact and connected than the larger US network at the firm level of analysis. However, at the director level of analysis the US network is much larger and more connected than its Australian counterpart. As a result, we argue that scholars studying the resource dependence role of boards should consider using measures of interpersonal links as well as traditional measures of inter-firm links. Understanding how boards impact on corporate performance is a question central to the corporate governance research agenda. Agency theory, for example, argues that the key way a board adds value is by ensuring the interests of the managers of the firm are aligned with the interests of the owners (Eisenhardt 1989; Jensen & Meckling 1976). A quite distinct area of inquiry, however, relates to the role that the board plays in providing access to important resources such as customers (Pennings 1980), capital (Mizruchi & Stearns 1988), the business elite (Uscem 1984) and power in general (Pfeffer & Salancik 1978). We aim to broaden understanding of the resource dependence theory of corporate governance by examining the links provided to a board by interlocking directorships. We commence by reviewing existing research on the resource dependence role of the board before outlining how the emerging construct of social capital can be adapted and applied to investigate this role. In particular, we highlight how it is the personal director network that is critical to the development of social capital rather than the corporate network (i.e. network of corporations). While this study is primarily exploratory and descriptive, we contribute to the literature by employing a new methodology to measure the 'opportunity network' that interlocking directorates provide a board within a national corporate governance system (Adams 2002a; 2002b; 2002c). We show how the formal models, procedures and techniques developed in social network analysis can be applied to individual-level networks among directors. We stress that we are not considering the formation of social capital at the individual level; rather we are examining the systemic connections of individual directors in order to illustrate the opportunity network available to a board within the national corporate governance system. A comparison of the Australian and US systems highlights the divergence in network attributes between corporate networks and the networks of interlocking directors. We conclude with implications and areas for further research.

Corporate Public Affairs: Commitment, Resources, and Structure

Abstract: Using resource dependency and institutional theories, we create and test a model examining the relationships among senior management commitment, resource allocations, and the structure of public affairs departments. Using a large sample of U.S.-based firms, we find a positive relationship between senior management commitment to the public affairs function and the level of human and monetary resources allocated to the public affairs department. Furthermore, firms structure their public affairs responsibilities into three common activity sets: communications, collaborations, and local activities. These common activities are, in turn, positively associated with senior management commitment and resources allocated to the public affairs department.

Commitment on the Board: A Model of Volunteer Directors' Levels of Organizational Commitment and Self-Reported Performance

Abstract: Previous research has established a link between the composition and performance of boards of directors and organizational performance in both for-profit and not-for-profit contexts (Dowen, 1995; Green and Griesinger, 1996; Jackson and Holland, 1998; Zahra and Pearce, 1989). Boards play an important role in governance, strategy, and management selection that has a presumed impact on the overall performance of the organization (Dalton et al., 1999; Jackson and Holland, 1998; Green and Griesinger, 1996). Studies of board performance have focused mostly on board composition (Coles and Hesterly, 2000; Daily and Dalton, 1993; Dalton et al., 1999) and board practices (Gabreilsson and Winlund, 2000; Herman and Renz, 2000; Westphal, 1999). Although each of these is important in explaining board effectiveness, they do not take into account individual director roles. For example, Johnson et al. (1996) argued that directors should be chosen and therefore serve in one or more of the following roles--control (e.g., governance), service (e.g., advice and counsel), and resource dependence (e.g., access to critical resources). Assuming that each director is diligent in fulfilling one or more of the above responsibilities, the performance of the board as a whole is ultimately dependent on the performance of individual board members. The purpose of this article is to propose and test a model that examines the relationships between an individual's experience and role on a board of directors, the director's level of commitment to the board, and the director's self-reported performance. The following sections offer a review of the organizational commitment literature, and hypotheses regarding the antecedents of organizational commitment and director's self-perception of performance. The hypotheses are empirically tested and the results are reported. This study concludes with a discussion of our findings. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT Organizational commitment has been given considerable attention in management research over the past twenty-five years and has also been a popular concept with practitioners. It has formed the basis of the widely-held assumption that higher levels of commitment among employees lead to improved work performance and a wide range of other positive organizational outcomes, such as reduced absenteeism and turnover (Riketta, 2002). In fact, Meyer, Stanley, Herscovitch, and Topolnytsky's meta-analysis (2002) identified 70 published articles, dissertations, and other empirical research dealing with the concept of organizational commitment from 1985 to 2000. This high volume of publication and interest in the topic underscores the continued relevancy of organizational commitment to the fields of management research and practice. Commitment has been conceptualized in terms of behavioral patterns, intentions, motivations, or attitudes (Goulet and Frank, 2002). The attitudinal approach, which has been the most widely used, describes commitment as "the relative strength of an individual's identification with and involvement in a particular organization" (Mowday et al., 1979: 231). In meta-analyses of the concept, researchers continue to find significant correlations between attitudinal commitment and numerous organizational outcomes, including job performance (Mathieu and Zajac, 1990; Meyer et al., 2002; Riketta, 2002). The preponderance of the organizational commitment research examines the commitment of traditional, paid employees to their employer (Meyer el al., 2002). Volunteers are fundamentally different from employees in that the behavior of volunteers is less likely to be subject to coercive power than is the behavior of employees because volunteers are less dependent on organizational rewards (Pearce, 1993). This creates conditions of normative uncertainty--a situation where social expectations and organizational values are less certain and more fluid for the volunteer than they would be for the paid employee. …

Managing workforce diversity as an essential resource for improving organizational performance

Abstract: Today, human resource management is being renewed in organizations and is gradually affirming its strategic role. The need for highly qualified managers will increase as more organizations globalize their operations. The research presented in this paper highlights the need for management who are sensitive to the concerns of multicultural employees. The effects of cultural diversity on organizational behavior are complex and powerful. Within this perspective, the definition of diversity in the USA and the goals in achieving a more diverse workplace will be discussed. This paper will also examine the different facets involved in managing and developing a diverse human resource base. Organizations take into account their human resource base before hiring employees. One factor they look at is the possible advantages and disadvantages of a multicultural and diverse organization. This paper will examine ways by which managers and employees can learn about diversity, understand it, and respect it on a day‐to‐day basis when dealing with people from other diverse backgrounds.

Entrepreneurial Intentions and the Entrepreneurial Environment A Study of Technology-Based New Venture Creation

Abstract: Technology-based entrepreneurship and the external factors influencing the entrepreneurial process are examined The focus is primarily on the relationship between an individual’s entrepreneurial behavior and the environment, paying particular attention to the resources available from the environment The study's main research question is "How does the environment affect technology-based entrepreneurial behavior of an individual?" The study's theoretical frameworks are W B Gartner's concept of new venture creation and the concept of entrepreneurial intentions Other theories used include the resource-based view of the firm, social capital theory, and resource dependence The concept of entrepreneurial intentions is used to measure the entrepreneurial behavior of an individual and resulting entrepreneurial activity The environment is characterized through affective environmental factors and rational environmental factors The study hypothesizes that these environmental factors affect entrepreneurial intentions in that environment Drawing on the entrepreneurial intention model, this study constructs a model defining the relationships between the environmental factors and entrepreneurial intentions The empirical data of this study are derived from a survey and a case study The sample is the participants of a business plan competition and students of entrepreneurship classes at selected Finnish universities The 271 nascent entrepreneurs were used to test the model using path analysis Six recently established technology-based firms in Finland were studied to explore the entrepreneurial process and the role of different resources in that process Findings indicate that both affective and rational environmental factors affect entrepreneurial intentions Only the availability of technology-related resources affected entrepreneurial intentions - financial and other resources did not correlate Both perceived desirability and perceived feasibility were positively related to entrepreneurial intentionsFindings from the case study and survey that differed from each other were also discussedIt is suggested that the development of entrepreneurial intentions is a multiphase process where different external factors affect the process at different phases (TNM)

Stakeholder influence on corporate strategies over time

Abstract: Modern management reporting on its company's performance is influenced by individuals’ ethical considerations. Stakeholders’ philosophies have continued to change over the last 75 years affecting reporting systems for companies reporting information internally and externally. These fundamental changes in philosophy have affected how information is conveyed. We are not claiming that only one philosophical viewpoint dominates companies reporting practices, but there does appear to be a changing trend of philosophies building on one another. We use resource dependence theory in relationship to a decision-making model to explain changing stakeholders positions over time. This paper argues that six dominant philosophical theories have influenced the way individuals and organizations report financial and other information. Further, these philosophies then are depicted in a model that helps us to understand what influences companies to present themselves to the outside world. A vignette is used to depict changing philosophical views for several companies’ management report over 75 years.

Comparing export marketing channels: developed versus developing countries

Abstract: The article presents a qualitative model, derived from the transaction cost and resource dependence theory, to compare the business relationships in the marketing channels between footwear buyers in The Netherlands and Uganda, and their suppliers. The observed business relationships are used to design an export‐marketing channel for Eritrean footwear manufacturers looking for new export market opportunities. The findings show that the design of the export marketing channels for Uganda and The Netherlands differs as a result of the transaction costs involved. Taking into account the weak resource base of the Eritrean manufacturers, we conclude that it may be easier for them to enter the Dutch market than the Ugandan market.

Explaining the process of innovation: The dynamic reconciliation of action and structure

Abstract: Problems of action and structure underpin key issues in research on innovation processes. The question of entrepreneurial activity is an enduring one, from the risk-taking actor debate right through to recent discussions of strategic leadership and new venturing for wealth creation. But we can also detect deterministic tendencies in those arguments that find innovation activity defined by the sector’s institutionalized regime or paradigm. To this extent, concern for the reconciliation of action and structure has been particularly neglected. Drawing on insights from structuration theory, institutionalism and resource dependence, this article develops a new model that attempts to reconcile the action-structure dichotomy in the innovation process in industry. The article concludes by considering the implications of this model for issues of life cycle effects, technology strategy and systems of innovation.

Towards an integrative framework of strategic international human resource control: the case of Taiwanese subsidiaries in the People's Republic of China

Abstract: This study integrates the resource-based view of the firm, the resource dependence model, institutionalism theory and the cybernetic system model into a framework to investigate the determinants of international human resource (IHR) control at the subsidiary level. The effects of competitive strategies and the mediating effects of inter-organizational interdependencies on three different dimensions of IHR control (input, behaviour and output) were studied by using a sample of 101 Taiwanese subsidiaries operating in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Four notable associations were found: (1) a robust direct relationship between the adoption of a low-cost strategy and two dimensions of IHR control (behaviour and output) was testified; (2) an indirect effect of a low-cost strategy on IHR input control through dependence on the parent's resources was found; (3) the direct relationship between local differentiation strategy and IHR input control could not be testified because a positive mediating effect of ...

Power Factor Typology Through Organizational and Network Analysis: Using environmental policy networks as an illustration

Abstract: This work is based on a doctoral research. Our main question is: who can be powerful and when. We assume that power is a function of network and organizational (actor-related) characteristics and thus not every actor (organisation) can be powerful in every network. Power and institutional theories will be operationalized, completed and specified by the results. Five types of power factors will be proposed, which are combinations of organizational and network characteristics that combine to produce high power synergy and low inconsistency. The first dimension of power is trust: the trustee leads the one who trusts. The second dimension is financial incentive: the gift giver influences the gift receiver. The third dimension is irreplaceability. This is an operationalization of general system theory which operationalizes the exchange power model. Although the dependent variable (power) will be calculated by the systemic approach, the independent variables will be culled from New Institutionalism. For this purpose, a combination of the Theory of Organized Interests and Network Theory is necessary. These theories will be specified throughout our results. The typology of power factors (organizational and network characteristics) was derived from both inductive and deductive processes. The organizational factors have been deduced from certain theories: the "lawful" type from contingency theory and mobilization of bias, the "trustworthy" from the resource dependence model, the "little brother" from the transaction-cost and resource dependence model, the "omniscient" type from decision- making theory, and the "re-distributor" type from decision-making theory and hypotheses on the role of monitoring information. Afterwards, the deduced organizational factors of each type have functioned as a basis for the induction of network factors, which proved to reach highest power synergy with the organizational factors through stepwise regression.Our methodology is a statistics-based vector algebra. We measured 108 indicators in 234 cases from 12 environmental policy networks in 8 European countries (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, UK). In general, "trust" makes up 82% of the power composition, while "financial incentive" is only 8% and "irreplaceability" only 10%. Not all the network characteristics and organized interest models proposed until now have proven relevant to power, rather only some of them in certain combinations. We classified these combinations into five types: The "lawful" type: An actor with a multidisciplinary team that is lawful but not state-controlled has optimal chances in "non crowded" and mono-sectoral networks with intensive state contacts, where the state does not play any important role. The "trustworthy" type: A trustworthy actor with a multidisciplinary team has optimal chances in a "non-crowded" network with intensive state contacts and low importance of state. The "little brother" type: An actor who has powerful partners and various financing resources has optimal chances in a monosectoral network with "equal chances", where many possible contacts remain unexplored. The "omniscient" type: A powerful actor who implements its power by imposing general or scientific information as "important" on a network with little material needs. The "redistributor" type: A powerful actor who receives occasional general information and reconstructs it in order to provide "important" general and scientific information. It has optimal chances in a network with no scientific links.The equilibrium between the advantages and disadvantages of the method of complete network analysis has motivated thoughts about future research questions regarding the quality of regression and the insights of Heckman on the weakness of self-selection. A combined strategy of qualitative and quantitative research is necessary in order to make policy consulting applicable to politics and further theorizing more accurate.

Who are the relevant stakeholders to the local government context? Empirical evidences on environmental influences in the decision-making process of English Local Authorities

Abstract: This article presents empirical evidence of stakeholding in the local government context. It is the result of a survey carried out with English Local Authorities in 2001. It outlines the arena in which local government make decisions by pinpointing the relevant stakeholders in the process as well as the amount of power they are perceived to represent by chief executives. The investigation has its theoretical basis in resource dependence and institutional theories, which are commonly used for explaining an organization's behaviour and performance as influenced by its environment. As an empirical contribution, the article proposes a stakeholder map for any kind of local government organizations that will help in identifying strategies for managing stakeholders.

Internationalization: Motive and Process

Abstract: Studies on the phenomenon of internationalentrepreneurship often focus on only the international aspect, ignoring theentrepreneurial aspect.This research examines several popular theories ofinternational entrepreneurship, and then develops a theoretical framework thatcombines concepts of both international and entrepreneurship research. Various theoretical frameworks regarding international entrepreneurship arediscussed. Included in the discussion are the followingtheories:process-stage theory, the network approach, resource-basedtheory, and foreign direct investment theory.The discussion of eachtheory includes information about the conceptualization of the theory, thebenefits of the theory, and the limitations of the theory.Following thesesections, the population ecology approach is described. The population ecology approach includes a combination of both internationalresearch theory and entrepreneurial research theory, considering issues such asentrepreneurial personality traits and "push-pull" theory.Byconsidering theories relating to both international business andentrepreneurship, researchers can gain a better understanding of the decisionsand processes encountered by international entrepreneurs.The populationecology approach provides researchers with a conceptual framework forunderstanding how entrepreneurial characteristics may influence anentrepreneur's decision to internationalize. (AKP)

THE TRANSNATIONAL CHALLENGE: PERFORMANCE AND EXPATRIATE PRESENCE IN THE OVERSEAS AFFILIATES OF JAPANESE MNCs

Abstract: Drawing on empirical data from two studies of 119 Japanese affiliates located in the United States and Europe, this chapter focuses on three fundamental questions: (1) What organizational factors influence performance of the overseas affiliates of Japanese MNCs? (2) What impact does expatriate staffing have on the affiliate’s performance? (3) What factors influence expatriate staffing patterns in Japanese MNCs? The empirical results lend support to the hypothesis that MNCs characterized by global integration and local responsiveness will outperform less transnational competitors, although there are significant differences between the American and European subsamples on the impact of expatriate presence on affiliate performance. In addition, there is no support for the life-cycle prediction that age or parent company experience influences expatriate staffing levels or for the resource dependence prediction that integration with the parent influences expatriate presence. These results and their implications are discussed.

Main assumptions of supply chain management: evidence from studies of the automotive industry

Abstract: The development of approaches for research on supply chains is fairly recent, since they only began to be studied systematically in the late 1980's. This paper begins with an overview of the main assumptions of the Supply Chain Management (SCM) approach. Based on a partial review of the empirical literature on the automotive industry, the paper then examines whether these assumptions can be confirmed in practice. Since the reviewed literature does not indicate that the aforementioned SCM assumptions have been concretized in the automotive industry, we propose that an initial methodological step be developed to help researchers identify the structural and relational characteristics of the supply chain in question. To contribute to the development of this initial methodological step, a brief summary is made of three schools of thought that may provide the basis for analyzing the structural and relational characteristics of the supply chain: Network Theory, Resource Dependence Theory and Transaction Cost Economics. This analysis of structural and relational characteristics helps evaluate the context in which SCM principles and techniques can be proposed and implemented and, thus evaluate the results that may be achieved through the implementation of SCM.

Entrepreneurs' Decisions to Exploit Opportunities

Abstract: Examines, from a resource-based view, the decisions of entrepreneurs to begin exploiting business opportunities and bring a product to market.The sample was 55 independent entrepreneurs involved in high technology whose ventures are located in business incubators in the United States. Factors of the resource-based decision to enter a market include first mover advantages, rarity, value to the consumer and firm capabilities. Conjoint analysis of the entrepreneurs' responses to a series of hypothetical profiles suggests that entrepreneurs are more likely to exploit opportunities when they perceive more knowledge of customer demand for the new product, more fully developed necessary technologies, greater managerial capability, and greater stakeholder support. Findings highlight a less emphasized feature of the resource-based view: that the new product’s anticipated lead time serves as an enhancing moderator in an entrepreneur’s decisions to exploit opportunities.(TNM)

Interlocking of Newspaper Companies with Financial Institutions and Leading Advertisers

Abstract: This study analyzed the composition of boards of directors of thirteen publicly traded newspaper companies to examine the extent of director appointment from financial institutions or leading advertisers. The results revealed ingrained ties to financial institutions and leading advertisers from 1988 to 2000. A pooled cross-sectional time series analysis showed that a company's financial situation is associated with the subsequent appointment of directors. The results confirmed the view that interlocks are associated with inter-firm resource dependence. However, most of the variance in the ratios of board members from financial interests to total board members was accounted for by idiosyncratic variations among the corporations. The effect of capital dependency was much smaller than the company-specific unit effects.

Theories of macro-organizational behavior : a handbook of ideas and explanations

Abstract: Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 2 A Primer on Organization Theory with Deborah Hurst Part 1 Function Economic Theories of the Firm 3 Neo-Classical Economics Perspective 4 Chicago School Perspective 5 Bain-Mason Perspective 6 Transaction Cost Perspective 7 Network Perspective 8 Agency Perspective 9 Stakeholder Perspective 10 Resource Based Theory Perspective 11 Behavioral Perspective 12 Game Theory Perspective 13 Property Right Perspective 14 Knowledge Perspective 15 Evolutionary Perspective 16 Natural Environment Perspective Greg Berry Part 2 Functional Organization Theories 17 Bureaucracy Perspective 18 Contingency Perspective 19 Strategic Choice Perspective 20 Resource Dependence Perspective 21 Population Ecology Perspective 22 Institutional Perspective

March'ing towards “a behavioral theory of the firm”: James G. March and the early evolution of behavioral organization theory

Abstract: While the history of modern ideas in business education in general, and organization theory and organizational economics in particular, has several different intellectual roots, two books in particular were influential in initiating the field that is now broadly recognized as behavioral theories of organizations: A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, written by Richard Cyert and James G. March; and Organizations, written by Herbert Simon and James March. These two books set the stage for several subsequent developments in organization and management theory including research in learning, strategic management, and organizational routines. The behavioral view of the firm was also important to modern developments such as evolutionary theory and transaction cost economics. This paper examines part of this history and development, focusing in particular on the contributions of March.

The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: A Structural Contingency Theory Approach

Abstract: Despite its tremendous popularity and potential, the field of ERP implementation is littered with spectacular failures. We argue that the integrated nature of ERP systems, which generally requires an organization to adopt standardized business processes reflected in the design of the software, is not suitable for all organizations and is thus a culprit of implementation failures. In this paper we use structural contingency theory to identify a set of dimensions of organizational structure and ERP system characteristics that can be used to determine the degree of fit between the characteristics of the adopting organization and the ERP system, thus providing a set of predictors of ERP implementation success. A set of propositions are developed based on these analyses regarding the success of ERP implementations in different types of organizations. These propositions provide guidance for future research that might lead to guidelines for managers of organizations contemplating implementing ERP systems.