Showing papers on "Splitter published in 1993"

Useful formulas for multimode interference power splitter/combiner design

Abstract: Simple design formulas for optical power splitters with an arbitrary number of output ports (1*N) are presented. They are obtained using a model based on the interference of the confined modes of a multimode wide section. These formulas provide the correct dimensions of the device, plus the output phase relations and output guides location. The accuracy of these formulas is further demonstrated by the design and fabrication of a buried heterostructure waveguide power splitter on InP, compatible with laser integration, that yield compact and low insertion losses devices. >

An integrated optic adiabatic TE/TM mode splitter on silicon

Abstract: A compact integrated optic fundamental TE/TM mode splitter, based on the mode-sorting characteristics of an asymmetrical adiabatic Y junction of optical waveguides exhibiting shape birefringence, operating at 1550 nm, is designed, using the discrete sine method (DSM) and the beam propagation method (BPM). The structures are fabricated in a system of SiO/sub 2/, SiO/sub x/N/sub y/, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ layers, using a low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) process, compatible with standard silicon IC processing. >

Integrated-optic 1*128 power splitter with multifunnel waveguide

Abstract: An integrated-optic 1*128 power splitter is demonstrated. It is composed of a slab waveguide, funnel-shaped waveguides, and output waveguides. Input light from a fiber is diffracted in the slab waveguide and received by funnel waveguides. To achieve uniform power splitting, the width of the funnel waveguides is designed based on the Gaussian diffraction pattern; that is the funnel widths increase progressively away from the center. The splitter is fabricated with GeO/sub 2/-doped silica waveguides on silicon. The 1*128 splitting is achieved with a low excess loss of 2.3 dB and a small standard deviation of 0.63 dB. >

Variable RF power splitter

Abstract: A variable RF power splitter including three serially connected inductors (14, 15, 16) powered by an RF power source (11, 12). Two loads (17, 18), between which the RF power is to be split, are connected to ground from two different points in the inductance string. A variable reactance (19) connected to ground from another point in the inductance string controls the RF power splitting.

Integrated optical polarisation splitter.

Abstract: As compared with a known integrated optical polarisation splitter composed of a straight optical directional coupler, an integrated optical polarisation splitter is intended to exhibit a shorter overall length and to impose less stringent requirements on production tolerances. This is achieved by design of the integrated optical polarisation splitter in the form of a curved rib waveguide (2) integrated on a substrate (1), with a wave-conducting layer (20) and a curved rib (21) which is formed on or over the wave-conducting layer (20) and which has a two-step profile.

Optical data memory device and data generating method from this device

Abstract: PURPOSE: To focus on different data surfaces and to store optical data by providing a transmission channel with a focusing element and an aberration compensation element and providing a light receiving channel with a filter element, a filter and a data and servo signal generation circuit. CONSTITUTION: The beam of a laser 200 is made circular through a lens 202 and a prism 204. It is reflected by a splitter 205 and guided to a focusing lens 206 and a photodetector 207 and laser output is monitored. Also, it is passed through a mirror 208, the lens 210 and a multiple data surface aberration compensator 212 and focused on one 96 of the data surfaces of a medium 12. The lens 210 is mounted to a holder 214 and focusing on the medium 12 is performed by a motor 216. Data surface reflected light is passed through a multiple data surface filter 222 and guided to a non-point lens 232 and a cut photodetector 234 by a beam splitter 224. Also, by the splitter 240, it is separated into orthogonally polarized components 242 and 244 through a half wavelength plate 238 and a polarized beam splitter 240 and they are respectively focused to the photodetectors 248 and 252. Thus, aberration is compensated and the data are stored.

Ultra-wideband MMIC active power splitters with arbitrary phase relationships

Abstract: Novel MMIC active power splitters, which allow arbitrary phase division over wide frequency ranges exceeding an octave in bandwidth, are proposed. An FET's inherent phase inversion properties together with phase adjustment circuits, e.g., common drain FETs followed by phase-shift transmission lines, can be successfully combined for broadband, arbitrary phase division. As an example of this technique, an MMIC active quadrature splitter has been designed and fabricated in a 1.1 mm*0.7 mm chip area. A phase error of less than 5 degrees with a magnitude imbalance of less than 1 dB has been demonstrated over a double-octave frequency range of 7.2-21.6 GHz. The MMIC active power splitter promises to make possible miniaturized, full MMIC signal processing components. >

Position detecting device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To precisely and quickly measure the gap between a mask and a wafer by providing a luminous flux separating means for splitting the luminous flux from a light source into two, and a means for moving a reflector in positive and reverse directions. CONSTITUTION:When the optical path length L2 between a beam splitter 2 and a reflector 5 is conformed to the optical path length L1 between the splitter 2 and a mask 3, an interference phenomenon is generated, and the optical quantity reaches a peak. When the optical path length L2 is conformed to the optical path length L1+G between the splitter 2 and a waver 4, the interference phenomenon is generated, and the optical quantity reaches the peak. Since the movement of the reflector 5 is detected by a position sensor 8, the moving quantities of the reflector 5 to the positions of L1 and L1+G are read, and L1+GL1 is operated, whereby the gap G between the mask 3 and the wafer 4 can be measured. The mask 3 and the waver 4 are moved by using the measurement values, whereby the gap between the mask 3 and the wafer 4 can be optionally set. The operation control of each part and arithmetic processing of signal value for measurement are conducted by a measurement control part 23.

Experimental results on single flux quantum logic

Abstract: The authors have optimized the design and calculated the margins for a number of single flux quantum (SFQ) logic elements, including AND, OR, XOR, splitter, DC-to-SFQ converter, and SFQ-to-DC converter. These are the fundamental building blocks necessary to construct more complex logic functions such as the half adder and full adder. Experimental tests of the primary gates, the AND, OR, XOR, and splitter, tests were made by imbedding each test gate between DC-to-SFQ converters at the inputs and SFQ-to-DC converters at the outputs. Automated testing of each circuit was used to determine functionality, optimum bias levels, and margins. The experimental bias current margins for each gate are consistent with the simulations. >

Laser dividing apparatus

Abstract: A laser beam dividing apparatus (10) having a first beam splitter (14) with an aperture (16) therein positioned in the path of a laser beam (12) such that a portion of the laser beam (12) passes through the aperture (16) onto a second beam splitter (20) and a portion of the laser beam (12) impinges upon the first beam splitter (14). Both the first beam splitter (14) and the second beam splitter (20) are, optionally, made from a dichroic material such that a green component (24) of the laser beam (12) is reflected therefrom and a yellow component (26) is refracted therethrough. The first beam splitter (14) and the second beam splitter (20) further each have a plurality of facets (22) such that the components (24, 26) are reflected and refracted in a number equaling the number of facets (22).

Design and Fabrication of a InP/InGaAsP Multimode Power Splitter

Abstract: There is an increasing interest in passive optical integrated devices based on multimode interference (MMI), that can produce real one-dimensional self-images by interference of the waveguide modes [1,2,3]. These type of devices include 3 dB couplers [4,5,6,7], passive optical 90° hybrids [11] and power combiners/splitters [8,9,10]. The last ones are usually made by means of Y- Junction or 3 dB coupled based structures. Multimode interference provides shorter and more compact devices than adiabatic ones, and preserve the balanced output characteristics. Recently, a general design method for 1xN MMI power splitters/combiners has been developed [8,9]. We present here more detailed designing formulas and report the first implementation of these devices on InP materials. Results of a fabrication tolerance analysis are also presented.

Design of a power divider network for a slotted waveguide array using finite element and finite difference techniques

Abstract: The most critical component in the power divider network for planar broadwall slotted waveguide arrays is the reactive T splitter 3-port. It has to be designed precisely for various split ratios in order that the power divider network produces the amplitude weighting required for the array distribution function. Since the feed network cannot tolerate an impedance mismatch, the VSWR at the central port of the T junction has to be kept very low. Also, in the mechanical layout of the antenna the effective path length differences between the T splitter output ports has to be taken into account in order to realize equal path length (constant phase) array excitation. The analysis of the T splitter is presented using field theoretical methods and measurement results. It will be shown that the T splitter results can also be combined with measured characteristics of straight and bent waveguides in simulation of the full power divider network.

Optical communication device and method

Abstract: PURPOSE: To increase a bit rate capacity of a single wavelength in an ultra long distance soliton transmission system by using combination of multiplexing through polarized light division and time division. CONSTITUTION: In the case of multiplexing from two channels of 2.5GHz into a single channel of 5GHz, an output of a single mode solid-state laser 201 that generates soliton pulses is given to a splitter 202, where the pulses are split into two soliton pulse streams having orthogonal polarization and the streams are given to modulators 205, 206, in which they are separately modulated by different information signals described to be DATA1, DATA2. Then the two soliton pulse streams are recombined in a splitter 210, but before that, one of the pulse streams is delayed by a half period of 2.5GHz in an adjustable delay line 209 so as to mutually insert the two pulse streams timewise.

Optical processing in asynchronous transfer mode network

Abstract: An optical code recognition unit (OCRU) for recognizing a predetermined n-bit optical code has an n-way splitter having an input and n parallel outputs. A plurality of combiners are associated with the splitter outputs, and a respective gate is controlled by the output of each of the combiners. Each of the splitter outputs is subject to a different delay of from 0 to (n-1) bit periods, and each combiner receives an input from at least one of the splitter outputs. The OCRU is such that all the gates are turned on if a predetermined optical code is applied to the splitter input.

Apparatus and method for eliminating polarization sensitivity in transducers

Abstract: An apparatus and method for converting a signal of arbitrary polarization to one of preselected polarization, e.g. for use by a sensor, transducer, etc. A signal splitter (16) divides the input signal into its orthogonal linearly polarized components, and launches the components from a pair of output ports (24 and 26). The signals counterpropagate to the opposite port, and, while couterpropagating, are rotated into the same linear polarization state. In one embodiment, the rotation is done by a pair of complementary 45 degree Faraday rotators (18 and 20); in another, by one 90 degree rotator. In the former, the signal is recombined at the splitter in the initial state of polarization that in which the signal initially entered the splitter; in the latter, the recombined signal is of orthoconjugate polarization to the input signal.

Perimeter and device for controlling sight line

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a perimeter of compact and simple structure, a device being capable of measuring the visual field as well as the peripheral visual field while observing the fore part of eyes using a display panel of electronic image. CONSTITUTION:A perimeter comprises, along the line-of-sight of test eye, the combined prism 2 having the metallic thin layer 1 for polarized beam splitter at boundary, the 1/4 wave-length constant 3 contacting to the prism 2, a concave dichroic mirror 4, a lens 5, and a telecamera 6. Output signal of a telecamera 6 is transfered to a television monitor 7. Along the reflexed rays at a splitter 1, the variable power lenses 10 comprising lens 8 and 9, a focus lens 11, a liquid crystal panel 12, are arranged. A panel 12 is connected to a signal processing unit 13 which links to a television monitor 7, a response device 14 for subject, and a mouse 15. On a panel 12, the fixation mark D and test mark M are imaged, and a subject tested pushes a button switch of a response switch 14 when the luminance point M being recognized in sight.

Step scan fourier transferm infrared spectral apparatus

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain highly-precise equal-interval interferogram data by a method wherein an optical path difference between a fixed mirror and a moving mirror at step stop positions is measured with precision of the wavelength of laser light or below and extrapolation is executed on the basis of the measure optical path difference when intervals of the stop positions are not equal CONSTITUTION:After modulation by a modulator 2, an infrared light source 1 is passed via a concave mirror 3, a beam splitter 4, a moving mirror 5 and a fixed mirror 6, transmitted through a sample 7, converged by a concave mirror 8 and detected by an infrared detector 9 Only a modulated frequency component of an output of this detector is amplified by a lock-in amplifier 20 and inputted to a data processing device 22 via an A/D converter 21 Meanwhile, a laser light of a frequency stabilization laser 11 is transmitted through an infrared optical path by a mirror 12, made to fall on the splitter 4 and the mirrors 5 and 6, taken out from a mirror 13 via the splitter 4, divided in two by a dividing mirror 14 and then detected by detectors 15 and 16 Outputs of these detectors are amplified by a preamplifier 17, subjected to phase division by a dividing circuit 18 thereafter, interference fringes are counted by a counter 19 and thereby an optical path difference is obtained An interferogram is obtained from data at each position of movement

Chirped-light-field atomic-beam splitter for atom interferometry.

Abstract: I propose a coherent atomic-beam splitter that can be used for atom interferometry. Chirped adiabatic passage between states of the atoms of the atomic beam is employed as they pass though a standing-wave radiation field to split coherently the atomic beam

Integrated 1.3 μm/1.55 μm wavelength multiplexer and 1/8 splitter by ion exchange in glass

Abstract: Integration of a 13 μm/155 μm wavelength multiplexer and a 1/8 splitter in a single glass substrate is demonstrated by potassium and silver double-ion exchange The device is composed of a nonsymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer for wavelength multiplexing and symmetrical Y-junctions for achromatic splitting The facet-to-facet excess loss is less than 25 dB

Video signal splitter with DC short circuit protection

Abstract: A system for supplying control signals, DC power and video signals to a plurality of video system components includes a DC signal splitter and an RF signal splitter The RF signal splitter carries video signal to a multiplicity of components The DC signal splitter carries DC power and low frequency control signals to the multiplicity of components Each of the signal paths for the DC power and the control signals includes DC short circuit protection, which prevents the occurrence of a short circuit in one output from causing the entire system to fail

Laser beam machine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To control an energy supply quantity to an optimum quantity and to surely execute cutting by providing an exit laser beam optical path with a beam splitter and branching energy-component pulses for cutting. CONSTITUTION:The optical path 12 for the laser beam emitted from a laser oscillator 11 is provided with the beam splitter 1 and the energy E2-component pulses 12B for cutting are branched by this splitter. The split pulses are fed back to a half mirror 4 by mirrors 2, 3 in order to be passed through a circuit constituted as a delay element (delay circuit) 5. The pulses are recombined with the rectilinearly advancing energy E1-component pulses 12A for preheating branched likewise by the beam splitter 1. A body 17 to be processed is irradiated with these beams through a mirror 13A, the beam splitter 14 and an objective lens 15.

Compound transmission having four speed auxiliary construction

Abstract: A compound transmission comprising a main section connected in series with an auxiliary section is disclosed. The auxiliary section includes a splitter clutch rotatable with a main section mainshaft, and an output shaft having a splitter gear and a reduction gear rotatably mounted thereon. An auxiliary drive gear is rotatably mounted on an extension of the splitter gear. A pair of auxiliary section countershafts have first, second and third countershaft gears rotationally fixed thereto and rotatably engaged with the auxiliary drive gear, splitter gear and reduction gear, respectively. A synchronized range clutch rotatable with the output shaft has a first position for coupling the reduction gear to the output shaft to provide low range ratios, and a second position for coupling the splitter gear to the output shaft to provide high range ratios. The splitter clutch has a first position for coupling the mainshaft to the splitter gear and a second position for coupling the mainshaft to the auxiliary drive gear.

Information reproducing device

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a magneto-optical disk reproducing device having an excellent C/N. CONSTITUTION: A light beam emitted from a laser diode 1 is reflected by a raising mirror 5 after passing through a beam splitter 4 and projected upon a magneto-optical disk 7. The reflected light from the disk 7 is successively reflected by the mirror 5 and splitter 4 and received by photodetectors 11 and 13. When the reflected light is reflected by the mirror 5, a multilayered dielectric film 5a formed as a phase compensating means on the reflecting surface of the mirror 5 performs phase compensation on the reflected light from the disk 7 and the beam splitter 4 acts to offset the phase difference between the P- and S-polarized light components generated when the splitter 4 reflects the reflected light from the disk 7. Therefore, the high C/N of this information reproducing device can be secured without deteriorating the signal detecting sensitivity of the device. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio

Polarization beam splitter and optical circulator using this splitter and optical switch

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the optical circulator or optical switch which decreases the directions of incident and exit ports of a 4-port optical circulator, etc. CONSTITUTION:This polarization beam splitter 1 having a triangular columnar shape is constituted by respectively optically polishing quadrangular prism glass 2 having a trapezoidal shape and triangular columnar glass 3 having a rectangular triangular shape, depositing polarized light separating films 4 by evaporation on the surfaces corresponding to the upper base of the trapezoidal shape or the base of the triangular shape, joining both with optical adhesives and forming antireflection films on the light incident and exit faces a to f. This optical switch is constituted by arranging two polarization beam splitters in such a manner that the slopes thereof are paralleled, inserting a 45 deg. Faraday rotor and a half-wave plate therebetween and using a permanent magnet as a means for impressing the magnetic field to the Faraday rotor and an electromagnet in place of the optical circulator.

Direct conversion receiver for the TDMA mobile terminal

Abstract: This paper presents, results from a practical study of a Direct Conversion Receiver and its sub-sections, namely power splitter, branch coupler hybrids, balanced mixers, VCOs and low-pass filters. Second and third order intermodulation product tests were carried out for the frequency conversion sub-circuits. >

Graded index polymer channel waveguide array for backplane optical interconnects

Abstract: Various components needed for optical backplane applications have been demonstrated from gelatin-based polymer integrated op[tic material. An array of waveguides have been realized with packaging density as high as 1250 channels per cm and loss of 0.1 dB per cm. A 1-to-8 Y-junction splitter and a 32 x 32 star coupler have been fabricated using photolithographic techniques. The unification of the star coupler and a modulator array is for backplane optical interconnects is under investigation.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Highly-Integrated Wavelength Insensitive 2×16 Signal Splitters with Test Light Couplers

Abstract: Optical splitters and couplers play an important role in the construction of various optical communication systems. Splitters, in particular, are now being used in optical signal distribution systems due to the progress of Er-doped fiber amplifiers. Wavelength insensitive couplers (WINCs) are used for an optical fiber transmission line testing system1). We have developed waveguide-type WINCs2) and 2×N splitters3) using silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology4), which enable multiple passive devices to be integrated on a Si substrate. Combining the two functions of signal light splitting and test light coupling is attractive for passive optical network systems. This paper will describe the successful integration of a 2×16 splitter and wavelength insensitive test light couplers.

A Compact, Four-Way Image Splitter

Abstract: A compact, four‐way, optical image splitter is described which maintains equal intensity and equal optical path length in each arm of the apparatus. The four output beams are parallel with the input light beam.

Reliability of silica-based planar-lightwave circuit-type 1×8 splitter module

Abstract: Fiber-to-waveguide connection is one of the key technologies in the realization of guided-wave circuits.1 We have already developed a fiber-connection technique that uses UV-curable adhesive since it seems to be advantageous in terms of mass production and low cost.2 This paper applies the technique to 1 × 8 splitter modules and studies their reliability.