Showing papers on "Transplantation published in 1979"
TL;DR: The apparent antileukemic effect was more marked in patients with lymphoblastic than nonlymphoblastic leukemia, and in those who received transplants during relapse rather than during remission, and was most evident during the first 130 days after transplantation.
Abstract: To determine whether allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation is associated with a graft-versus-leukemia effect, we examined the relation between relapse of leukemia and graft-versus-host disease in 46 recipients of identical-twin (syngeneic) marrow, 117 recipients of HLA-identical-sibling (allogeneic) marrow with no or minimal graft-versus-host disease, and 79 recipients of allogeneic marrow with moderate to severe or chronic disease The relative relapse rate was 25 times less in allogeneic-marrow recipients with graft-versus-host disease than in recipients without it (P less than 001) This apparent antileukemic effect was more marked in patients with lymphoblastic than nonlymphoblastic leukemia, and in those who received transplants during relapse rather than during remission, and was most evident during the first 130 days after transplantation Survival of all patients was comparable since the lesser probability of recurrent leukemia in patients with graft-versus-host disease was offset by a greater probability of other causes of death
1,488 citations
TL;DR: Fetal rat dopamine-containg neurons were implanted adjacent to the caudate nucleus of adult recipients whose endogenous dopaminergic input had been destroyed to suggest that such implants may be potentially useful in reversing deficits after circumscribed destruction of brain tissue.
Abstract: In order to determine if brain tissue grafts can provide functional input to recipient central nervous system tissue, fetal rat dopamine-containg neurons were implanted adjacent to the caudate nucleus of adult recipients whose endogenous dopaminergic input had been destroyed. The grafts showed good survival and axonal outgrowth. Motor abnormalities, which had been induced by the destruction of the endogenous dopaminergic input to the caudate, were significantly reduced after grafting of the fetal brain tissue. These data suggest that such implants may be potentially useful in reversing deficits after circumscribed destruction of brain tissue.
945 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that transplants of embryonic substantia nigra, implanted into the parietal cortex m adult rats, are able to establish a new dopamlnerglc input to the previously denervated neostrlatum, and that the newly-formed 'nigrostHatal' DA pathway may compensate for at least some aspects of the lesion-induced motor disturbances.
776 citations
Journal Article•
579 citations
TL;DR: Evaluation of prognostic factors for nontransplanted patients showed a better prognosis for patients with unknown etiology than for those with a probable etiology, and androgens were of no value in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia.
429 citations
TL;DR: Better-tolerated oral nonabsorbable antibiotics, laminar-air-flow rooms, granulocyte transfusions, and chemotherapy and immunotherapy for CMV are among the prophylactic and therapeutic measures that must be critically evaluated in well-controlled, prospective studies.
372 citations
372 citations
TL;DR: The lack ofmast cells in the 51151d mice seems to be due to a tissue defect that locally induces the differentiation of mast cells, as indicated by the observation that bone marrow transplantation from + I + donors does not increase the numbers of mast Cells in the skin.
370 citations
TL;DR: The latissimus dorsi is described for its use for a functional muscle transfer, for arm and shoulder coverage, for breast reconstruction, and as a free flap.
Abstract: In clinical experiences with 60 cases, we have found the latissimus dorsi to be a reliable and versatile flap. We describe its use for a functional muscle transfer (in restoration of elbow flexion and repair of abdominal wall defects), for arm and shoulder coverage, for breast reconstruction, and as a free flap.
315 citations
TL;DR: A method for embedding cells within a collagen matrix which allows sustained growth of mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells in primary culture is developed and resulted in the development of mammary adenocarcinoma histologically similar to the donor tumor.
Abstract: We have developed a method for embedding cells within a collagen matrix which allows sustained growth of mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells in primary culture. A characteristic and reproducible pattern of organization and growth occurs: the cells rearrange themselves and produce duct-like structures extending into the matrix, resulting in a three-dimensional outgrowth. Autoradiography showed continuous [3H]thymidine incorporation during 8 weeks in culture. An increase in DNA content of the cultured cells as a function of time was observed. Mouse mammary tumor cells cultured in the conventional monolayer system failed to show any significant increase in cell number during a culture period of 6 weeks. In addition, in such monolayer systems, cells progressively became detached from the dishes in long-term culture. The mammary epithelial cell origin of the collagen gel cell outgrowths was shown by electron microscopic demonstration of polarized cells containing tight junctions and budding mammary tumor virus particles. In addition, in vivo transplantation of collagen gel outgrowths resulted in the development of mammary adenocarcinoma histologically similar to the donor tumor. Cellular outgrowth patterns resembling those from tumor cells were also seen in similar collagen gel cultures of normal mammary cells from mouse and human and of hyperplastic alveolar nodule cells from mouse. The significance and usefulness of this system in comparison to the conventional monolayer system are discussed.
293 citations
TL;DR: Of 89 consecutive patients undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies or undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, 60 were colonized with Candida albicans and 25 with C. tropicalis, and four patients died due to the infection, and two died from other causes but with the infection unresolved.
Abstract: Of 89 consecutive patients undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies or undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, 60 were colonized with Candida albicans and 25 with C. tropicalis. However, of the 18 disseminated infections caused by Candida species, 15 infections in 14 patients were caused by C. tropicalis and only three infections in three patients by C. albicans. The setting in which the infection occurred, skin lesions, polyarthralgias, or polymyalgias, and the unexplained deterioration of renal function were features suggestive of the diagnosis. Defervescence occurred in 10 of the 14 treated patients with C. tropicalis infections in 1 to 6 d (mean, 2.5 d) after initiation of therapy, even though all continued to be granulocytopenic. Resolution occurred in eight of the 15 C. tropicalis infections. In one case outcome was indeterminate, four patients died due to the infection, and two died from other causes but with the infection unresolved.
TL;DR: Preliminary results suggest that a six-week course of prophylactic interferon delays shedding of cytomegalovirus and decreases the incidence of viremia after transplantation, and antithymocyte globulin appears to increase the severity of infection from cytomeGalovirus among renal-transplant recipients.
Abstract: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of interferon prophylaxis against viral infections was conducted in renal-transplant recipients receiving standard immunosuppressive therapy with or without antithymocyte globulin. Interferon was administered for six weeks, beginning on the day of transplantation. Cytomegalovirus excretion began earlier and viremia was more frequent in placebo-treated than in interferon-treated patients. Cytomegalovirus viremia correlated with clinical syndromes and was more frequent in recipients of antithymocyte globulin. In contrast, neither interferon nor antithymocyte globulin altered excretion of herpes simplex virus. Reversible leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in seven interferon recipients. Patient and graft survival were comparable in interferon and placebo groups. These preliminary results suggest that a six-week course of prophylactic interferon delays shedding of cytomegalovirus and decreases the incidence of viremia after transplantation. In contrast, ...
TL;DR: In dogs an artery, a vein, and a vascular bundle were transplanted into intact bone, isolated bone segments, necrotized bone, and homografts of bone to perform vascular bundle transplantation in patients with Kienboeck's disease, and avascular necrosis of the scaphoid, the femoral head, the talus, and other conditions.
Abstract: In dogs an artery, a vein, and a vascular bundle were transplanted into intact bone, isolated bone segments, necrotized bone, and homografts of bone. Active proliferation of new blood vessels and formation of new bone occurred in all instances where the vascular bundle was used, when the vein was implanted into the intact bone and isolated bone, and only when the artery was implanted into intact bone. As a result of these experiments, vascular bundle transplantation has been performed in patients with Kienboeck's disease, and avascular necrosis of the scaphoid, the femoral head, the talus, and other conditions.
TL;DR: Analysis of T cells in patients with acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease suggested that the immunoregulatory cells may profoundly affect the overall immune response, and studies showing that these TH2+, la+ cells actively suppressed the in vitro immune response support this hypothesis.
Abstract: To determine whether imbalances in immunoregulatory T-cell subsets exist in patients with graft-versus-host disease, we analyzed T cells in three patients with acute and in six patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after bone-marrow transplantation. The normal human peripheral-blood T-cell compartment is composed of 80 per cent TH2 – and 20 per cent TH2 + T cells, as defined by reactivity with subset-specific heteroantiserums. Human suppressor cells are TH2 +, whereas helper cells are TH2 –. Patients with acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease had abnormalities in these populations, and their T cells frequently bore la-like antigens. Patients with acute disease lacked TH2 + cells, and the reappearance of this subset preceded the cessation of disease activity. Chronic disease, in contrast, was more heterogeneous. Suppressor cells were lacking in two patients but increased in the other four. Two of these four patients had TH2 +,Ia+ T cells, suggesting in vivo activation of suppressor...
TL;DR: The design and surgical implantation procedure of a new aluminum chamber with a transparent window for the rat dorsal skin fold with strength, low weight, and high optical transparency, and provides access to the subcutaneous tissue is described.
TL;DR: It is suggested that aluminium retained in the bone of the dialysis patients and the experimental animals interferes with normal mineralisation.
Abstract: Iliac bone aluminium was determined by neutron activation analysis in 34 patients with chronic renal failure and in eight control subjects. In 17 patients treated by haemodialysis there was a significant increase in the amount of aluminium (mean +/- SE = 152 +/- 30 ppm bone ash). In eight patients treated by haemodialysis and subsequent renal transplantation, bone aluminium was still significantly increased (92 +/- 4.5 ppm bone ash) but was less than in the haemodialysed patients. In some patients aluminium persisted in bone for many years after successful renal transplantation. There was no relationship between hyperparathyroidism and bone aluminium. Although no statistically significant relationship was found between the mineralisation status of bone and bone aluminium, patients dialysed for the longest periods tended to be those with the highest levels of aluminium, osteomalacia, and dialysis encephalopathy. In 20 rats given daily intraperitoneal injections of aluminium chloride for periods of up to three months, there was accumulation of aluminium in bone (163 +/- 9 ppm ash) to levels comparable to those obtained in the dialysis patients, and after about eight weeks osteomalacia developed. The increased bone aluminium and osteomalacia persisted after injections had been stopped for up to 49 days, although endochondral ossification was restored to normal. As a working hypothesis it is suggested that aluminium retained in the bone of the dialysis patients and the experimental animals interferes with normal mineralisation.
TL;DR: In vitro culture of islets at 24 degrees C for 7 days prior to transplantation, in conjunction with a single injection of antiserum to lymphocytes into the diabetic recipient, results in islet allograft survival of 100 days when the islets are transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier.
Abstract: Isolated rat islets remain morphologically and functionally intact during a 7-day period of in vitro culture at 24 degrees C. In vitro culture of islets at 24 degrees C for 7 days prior to transplantation, in conjunction with a single injection of antiserum to lymphocytes into the diabetic recipient, results in islet allograft survival of 100 days when the islets are transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier.
TL;DR: In this paper, a proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate various parameters known to be of prognostic importance in the chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.
TL;DR: Chronic GVHD appears to be a syndrome of disordered immune regulation features of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
TL;DR: Long-term recordings demonstrate a remarkable similarity between the circadian system in normal birds and that in birds bearing pineal transplants.
Abstract: Transplantation of pineal tissue into the anterior chamber of the eye rapidly reestablishes rhythmicity in arhythmic pinealectomized sparrows and also transfers the phase of the donor bird's rhythm to the host. Thus, the transplanted pineal does not merely permit rhythmicity to be expressed but rather transfers an oscillation that controls the remainder of the circadian system and restores the capacity for self-sustained rhythmicity. Long-term recordings, during which sparrosw were exposed to various lighting conditions, demonstrate a remarkable similarity between the circadian system in normal birds and that in birds bearing pineal transplants.
TL;DR: It is shown that cornea, which is an epidermal tissue devoid of Langerhans cells, does not express Ia antigens, and this work contributes to the understanding of why certain histocompatibility complex genes are expressed only on B lymphocytes and certain subsets of T lymphocytes.
Abstract: Although the surface determinants encoded by class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex (murine K/D; human HLA-A/B/C) are expressed on virtually all nucleated cells, the molecular products of class II genes (murine I, human HLA-D/DR) are expressed only on B lymphocytes, macrophages, sperm and certain subsets of T lymphocytes, especially suppressor cells1,2. Controversy exists concerning the expression of class II antigens on cells of the epidermis. On the one hand, Hammerling et al.3 and Frelinger et al.4 have used serological methods to detect Ia antigens on epidermal cells. On the other hand, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antisera have been used to show that human and guinea pig class II alloantigens are only expressed on Langerhans cells in the epidermis5–7. Recently, Rowden et al.8 have convincingly demonstrated that Ia antigens are expressed exclusively on Langerhans cells within murine epidermis. We have now shown that cornea, which is an epidermal tissue devoid of Langerhans cells, does not express Ia antigens.
TL;DR: There are striking similarities with respect to number, size, and charge spectrum among HLA-D polypeptides and the murine I-A and I-E subregion polypePTides, suggesting a similar genetic organization and molecular complexity in both species.
Abstract: A group of monoclonal antibodies directed against nonpolymorphic HLA-D antigens (human Ia antigens) was produced by somatic cell hybridization One of these antibodies was used to analyze the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of the HLA-D alloantigens from different HLA-D homozygous B-cell lines Two-dimensional gels of [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody directed against HLA-D antigens showed a complex set of spots whose electrophoretic pattern varied according to the HLA-D type The major HLA-D-related electrophoretic polymorphism was found in the basic and smaller (26,000-28,000 daltons) HLA-D polypeptides These patterns represent allele-specific "fingerprints" of different HLA-D genotypes There are striking similarities with respect to number, size, and charge spectrum among HLA-D polypeptides and the murine I-A and I-E subregion polypeptides, suggesting a similar genetic organization and molecular complexity in both species
Book•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: The early course of a Patient with a Kidney Transplant, and Psychological Aspects of Kidneys Transplantation and Organ Donation, are described.
Abstract: Kidney Transplantation: A History. Immunology of Rejection. Chronic Renal Failure-Renal Replacement Therapy. The Recipient of a Renal Transplant. The Donor and Donor Nephrectomy. Brainstem Death: The Evolution of a Concept. Renal Preservation. HLA Matching and Crossmatching in Renal Transplantation. Surgical Techniques of Renal Transplantation. Transplantation and the Abnormal Bladder. Anaesthesia in Renal Transplantation. The Early Course of a Patient with a Kidney Transplant. Cyclosporine. Nonspecific Immunosuppression: Azathioprine and Steroids. Antilymphocyte Globulin and Monoclonal Antibodies. New Immunosuppressive Agents. Total Lymphoid Irradiation. Other Forms of Immunosuppression in Clinical Use. Specific Immunosuppression. Histopathology of Renal Allograft Rejection. Immunohistology of the Transplant Kidney. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Transplanted Kidney. Vascular and Lymphatic Complications After Renal Transplantation. Urological Complications After Renal Transplantation Cardiovascular Complications After Renal Transplantation. Neurological Complications. Infectious Complications After Renal Transplantation. Cancer in Dialysis and Transplant Patients. Nonmalignant Skin Lesions in Renal Transplant Patients. Renal Transplantation in Children. Renal Transplantation for Diabetic Nephropathy. Transplantation in Developing Countries. Results of Renal Transplantation. Ethics in Transplantation. Psychological Aspects of Kidney Transplantation and Organ Donation. The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System and Nomenclature. Index
TL;DR: Line 1 and line 10 tumors became invested in a fibrin-gel cocoon within hours after transplantation to the subcutaneous spaces of unsensitized syngeneic inbred Sewall Wright strain 2 guinea pigs, suggesting that activation of the clotting and/or fibrinolytic systems by tumor cells may itself provide sufficient stimulus for induction of tumor angiogenesis without requiring a separate tumorAngiogenesis factor.
Abstract: Line 1 and line 10 tumors became invested in a fibrin-gel cocoon within hours after transplantation to the subcutaneous spaces of unsensitized syngeneic inbred Sewall Wright strain 2 guinea pigs. The fibrin gel comprised more than 80% of the line 1 tumor mass and, after day 3, became organized and was subsequently replaced by fibrous connective tissue, which gave the tumor the appearance of a scirrhous carcinoma. A cellular infiltrate of lymphocytes and basophils developed at the periphery of line 1 tumors after day 8, and tumors regressed by day 13. The fibrin gel investing the highly malignant line 10 tumors accounted for less than 10% of the tumor mass and persisted without fibrous organization as a tumor grew progressively and invaded adjacent tissues. These data provide new and potentially important insights into the biology of solid tumor growth and the mechanisms of immunologic tumor rejection. Envelopment of tumors in a fibrin gel created an anatomic barrier separating the tumors from the host. Neovascularization mimicking that about line 1 and line 10 tumors was induced by sc fibrin implants; these data suggest that activation of the clotting and/or fibrinolytic systems by tumor cells may itself provide sufficient stimulus for induction of tumor angiogenesis without requiring a separate tumor angiogenesis factor. The scirrhous pattern of growth characteristic of line 1 tumors apparently was achieved by organization of an abundant fibrin gel. Line 1 tumor regression did not for the most part involve direct contacts between tumor cells and any type of inflammatory cell, including macrophages; rather, tumor destruction was effected by ischemic necrosis secondary to widespread microvascular injury. The mechanisms of such injury are uncertain, but tumor rejection was correlated with evidence of developing cellular immunity and anatomic associations between lymphocytes and myofibroblasts. Further experiments will be necessary before these findings can be generalized to other tumor systems.
TL;DR: This data indicates that corneal transplantation from an infected donor to a normal recipient and man-to-man transmissibility of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease through contact chemoreception and EMT is feasible.
Abstract: PROBABLE transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by corneal transplantation from an infected donor to a normal recipient has previously been reported,1 but to our knowledge, man-to-man transmissi...
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the epidermal Ia molecules are synthesised by bone marrow-derived cells, presumably Langerhans cells.
Abstract: The major histocompatibility or H–2 complex of the mouse is divided into five regions (K, I, S, G and D)1. Genes in the I region regulate immune responses2. The I region has several subregions which are designated I–A, I–B, I–J, I–E and I–C. The I–A and I–E subregions also code for a set of serologically detected cell-surface alloantigens, designated Ia antigens3. The relationship between the genes regulating the immune response and those encoding the serologically detectable alloantigens is still unknown. A number of species including man, rats and guinea pigs contain genetic regions apparently equivalent to the murine I region. Ia molecules are integral cell-surface glycoproteins that consist of two subunits of approximate molecular weights 35,000 (α) and 28,000 (β). Unlike the classical transplantation antigens which are present on almost all cells, the Ia antigens are found primarily on cells of the immune system—lymphocytes and macrophages4–6. A notable exception has been the demonstration of Ia antigens in mice, or Ia-like antigens in other mammals, on epidermal cells6–13. There is controversy about the numbers of Ia-positive cells in the epidermis. Fluorescence studies in humans11,12, guinea pigs14 and mice15 indicate that only about 5% of epidermal cells are Ia positive. These cells were identified by morphological criteria as the macrophage-like Langerhans cells. However, cytotoxicity studies in mice using anti-Ia sera indicate that a majority of epidermal cells (up to 90%) are Ia positive6–8. The reason for this discrepancy is not known. Here we demonstrate that the epidermal Ia molecules are synthesised by bone marrow-derived cells, presumably Langerhans cells.
TL;DR: Transplantation was employed to determine how marine sponges grow in different in situ conditions of light and current, and significant morphological differences were observed in sponge grown under different environmental conditions.
TL;DR: It is seen that damage to DNA followed by repair, just before or just after DNA replication, can lead to the loss of methyl groups, which can induce a switch in gene activity which is heritable, but potentially reversible.
Abstract: Although many carcinogens are mutagens, there is no direct evidence that the cancer-cell phenotype is the result of gene mutation. Transplantation experiments have strongly indicated that malignant cells can arise or revert to the normal phenotype in the absence of mutation. It is suggested that damage to DNA followed by repair triggers the epigenetic changes in gene expression which are responsible for malignancy. We previously proposed that methylation of specific DNA sequences adjacent to structural genes determines whether or not transcription will occur. Specific methylases are required for the switching on of genes and for the stable maintenance of the methylated state, which provides a basis for the control of gene expression in differentiated cells. It is now seen that damage to DNA followed by repair, just before or just after DNA replication, can lead to the loss of methyl groups. This can induce a switch in gene activity which is heritable, but potentially reversible. The known large difference in the probability of malignant transformation in cells of rodents and large mammals is hard to explain if mutation is responsible. On the other hand, this new theory provides an explanation for this difference, since the probability of epigenetic changes in gene activity will depend on the activity of methylating enzymes and the rate of excision repair. The theory is supported by the evidence that excision repair is more efficient in cultured fibroblasts from large long-lived animals than from small short-lived ones.
TL;DR: It is suggested that phenotypic plasticity is an important species attribute in scieractinians and may be a significant mechanism in controlling the distribution and abundance of scleractinian on reefs.