Showing papers on "Urban density published in 2022"
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the complex relationship between urban density, urban greenery, and older people's life satisfaction, with survey data collected from 1,594 older adults in 129 neighborhoods in Shanghai, China.
28 citations
01 Feb 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined variations in the urban expansion patterns across 466 world cities with million + inhabitants in terms of the contribution of three growth modes (infilling, edge expansion, and outlying) and its relationship with urban land use efficiency.
Abstract: Expansion of urban areas accompanied by decreasing population density results in inefficient urban growth from a spatial-ecological perspective. This study examines variations in the urban expansion patterns across 466 world cities with million + inhabitants in terms of the contribution of three growth modes (infilling, edge expansion, and outlying) and its relationship with urban land use efficiency, measured in terms of urban density. Focusing on two different time periods (1985–2000 and 2000–2015), it has been found that cities that experience inward expansion are largely located in the Global North, while cities in the Global South experience comparatively more outward than inward expansion. We also find a positive relation between inward expansion and the annual change rate of urban density. However, we hypothesize that this is largely attributed to pronounced variations in the initial per capita land consumption, particularly between cities located in the Global North and Global South. Indeed, when we examine the effect of NDEI on the end-point urban density, and control for the initial urban density, a different conclusion is achieved. We find that in the Global North, more inward expansion of cities decreases urban density compare to the subgroup of cities located in the Global South in which inward expansion amplifies urban density. Understanding such differential effects of urban expansion patterns on urban density is important for our advancement towards sustainable development goal indicator 11.3.1.
26 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper measured spatiotemporal urban vibrancy in Shenzhen, China, using Tencent location-based big data, which is characterized by fine-grained population-level spatio-temporal granularity.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impacts of urban vitality and density on innovation using a panel dataset for nine cities in the Greater Bay Area, which is one of the most prominent mega-city regions in China.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored the relationship between metro systems and urban development, with particular focus on the comprehensive impacts of metro development on the economic, environmental and social development of cities.
13 citations
TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper defined whether urban growth patterns are compactness or sprawl in each of six dimensions: land use efficiency, spatial pattern of urban land, inner structure of urban space, mixed uses, accessibility, and environmental impacts.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive analytical framework for examining urban spatial structures and carbon emissions is proposed, and the authors position the relationship between urban spatial structure and carbon emission as a bridge between human ecosystems and natural ecosystems.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , potential superblocks are identified in all major Swiss cities and the current urban green space is quantified, revealing distinct differences of superblock opportunities and urban green spaces between different cities.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a multidisciplinary methodology is presented for embedding urban ventilation performance evaluation into urban management and planning processes and a framework for urban renewal plans that is citizens-centered and aims at improving their health and well-being in existing urban areas.
Abstract: In the last decades, a tendency towards urban tissue densification has been observed to counteract the urban sprawl. Densification may be achieved through more compact built areas, preferring the vertical to the horizontal development of buildings but avoiding bulky high-rise building blocks. This strategy significantly affects several aspects of the microclimate and produces direct and indirect effects on human health and well-being. In this regard, air pollution and heat stress constitute two increasing threats to human health and well-being that need to be faced immediately. The involved phenomena are various, intertwined, and may lead to conflicting results. Hence, regenerating existing, well-structured, and stratified urban areas by densification is not an easy challenge. Urban ventilation may favor the mitigation of detrimental effects of air pollution and heat stress on human life. Therefore, a multidisciplinary methodology is presented for embedding urban ventilation performance evaluation into urban management and planning processes. The scope is to propose a framework for urban renewal plans that is citizens-centered and aims at improving their health and well-being in existing urban areas. The methodology builds upon the performance-based approach and is supported by the conceptual framework and the literature reviews provided through the paper.
7 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors delimited China's UGBs before 2100 under localized shared socioeconomic pathways and 11 urban expansion modes (i.e., spontaneous growth, organic growth, and nine modes integrating both) and evaluated the urban shrinkage pressure and the effects on other land use/cover types and ecosystem services.
Abstract: Delimiting the urban growth boundary (UGB) is important for limiting urban sprawl and improving urban sustainability. However, the future UGB delimitation for the entire China is still lacking. Here, we delimited China's UGBs before 2100 under localized shared socioeconomic pathways and 11 urban expansion modes (i.e., spontaneous growth, organic growth, and nine modes integrating both) and evaluated the urban shrinkage pressure and the effects on other land use/cover types and ecosystem services. The results revealed that China's urban land demand was projected to increase first and then decrease under five scenarios before 2100. The extent of UGBs was projected to be 121,199–142,982 km2, 34.14–58.25% higher than the urban area in 2020. As a result of urban population decline, China's urban land demand in 2100 was projected to be 20.83–53.41% lower than the extent of UGBs, implying that China, especially the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, will face remarkable urban shrinkage pressure. Future urban expansion in China will mainly occupy cropland, and lead to a simultaneous decline in habitat quality, food production and carbon sequestration. Spontaneous growth will cause greater losses of ecosystem services than organic growth at the national scale, while in some provinces, such a difference will be reversed. To address the urban shrinkage pressure, China needs to control urban area and optimize urban spatial patterns based on UGBs. In addition, the place-based optimal urban expansion mode is also required to reduce the negative impacts of future urban expansion on ecosystem services and promote sustainable development.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the wave-shaped diffusion regularity of urban expansion in terms of the density of new urban land was detected and simulated with a Gaussian-based model, based on which the physical spatial process of urban expanding, as well as its long-term trends were characterized and understood.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the response of the urban thermal environment to the centrality of urban spatial development and quantified the urban form centrality and the spatial pattern of land surface temperature (LST) within built-up areas.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the urban form and urban landscape features of the city of Suzhou in three important historical periods: pre-1949, 1949-1978, and post-1978 and proposed the intangible value of urban heritage and combined with the historic urban landscape of looking beyond the notion of the "historic center" or "ensemble" to help all residents form a more coherent place attachment and local identity.
Abstract: Suzhou is one of China’s model cities due to its economic development in recent decades. Although the city deserves recognition for its efforts in urban heritage conservation, the current preservation strategy only targets the ancient city and neglects the separation of the entire urban landscape. This has become a huge hidden problem in the process of Suzhou’s sustainable development. This study, based on this background, explores the development process of Suzhou and the problems in the current urban planning, and then proposes suggestions for optimization. The historic urban landscape approach provides a solution to this problem by analyzing the urban form and urban landscape features of Suzhou in three important historical periods: pre-1949, 1949–1978, and post-1978. This study discusses the development process of Suzhou and the problems in the current urban planning, and makes the following contributions: (1) The dichotomy between modernity and tradition in the urban landscape of Suzhou is shown from a morphological perspective, revealing that this dichotomy is based on rapid urbanization and the one-sided pursuit of economic development, (2) Revisits the role of Suzhou traditional gardens in order to better integrate them as structural elements in urban planning, (3) Proposes the intangible value of urban heritage and combined with the historic urban landscape of looking beyond the notion of the “historic center” or “ensemble” to help all Suzhou residents form a more coherent place attachment and local identity.
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of population densities across residential built-up types in informal and informal areas in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was analyzed, revealing the underlying spatial inequality between informal settlements and low-rise, high-standard residential areas.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the relationship between the urban heat island effect and urban forms, to explore which urban forms are vulnerable to this effect, and to present urban planning measures to alleviate urban heat islands.
Abstract: Understanding urban forms vulnerable to urban heat islands provides urban planning measures to improve urban heat islands and offering insight into different sustainable urban forms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the urban heat island effect and urban forms, to explore which urban forms are vulnerable to this effect, and to present urban planning measures to alleviate urban heat islands. This study also conducted an analysis on two scales, the macro- and micro-dimensions, to develop policy suggestions for urban heat island mitigation. In the macro-scale analysis, the relationship between urban shape and urban heat islands was investigated through a statistical approach using a regression equation, and in the micro-scale analysis, a spatial analysis method using urban climate zones (LCZs) was used.
TL;DR: Based on polycentricity at a city scale, urban growth patterns at a patch scale, and other natural and socioeconomic data for 362 cities in China, this article applied spatial regression models to quantify the impact of urban structure on PM2.5.
Abstract: Rapid urbanization adversely impacts urban air quality, impacting human health and the ecological environment. However, few studies have systematically explored air quality from the perspective of urban structural evolution. This can be done using two scales: one focusing on microscopic patches and one focusing on the macroscopic built-up area. Based on polycentricity at a city scale, urban growth patterns at a patch scale, and other natural and socioeconomic data for 362 cities in China, this study applied spatial regression models to quantify the impact of urban structure on PM2.5. The PM2.5 data were downloaded from the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) data center. The results show the following: (1) at a city scale, the polycentricity index had a significant and negative relationship with PM2.5, the development of polycentric cities supports improvements in air quality; (2) at a patch scale, three urban growth patterns (edge-expansion, outlying, and infilling) all significantly and negatively impact PM2.5. Urban growth continues to increase PM2.5 pollution in China; and (3) road density, the built-up area, population density, land-use mix, and other control variables have an influence on the PM2.5 concentration, and this study verified the existence of a scale effect. In addition, considering the different urban development trajectories of developed and developing countries, this study makes targeted recommendations for urban managers wanting to make reasonable development policies. In general, quantifying the relationship between urban structure and PM2.5 helps provide a scientific basis for city planners and managers to optimize urban layouts.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) urban form and PM2.5 concentrations at the street block level, using 3D spatial metrics and multivariate linear regression.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the spatial characteristics of sky gardens as public spaces to explore their potential to support urban sustainability in dense cities, and concluded that despite the limitations of sky garden, they may play fundamental roles as open public spaces in high-density urban environments supporting cities' sustainability.
Abstract: This paper studies the spatial characteristics of sky gardens as public spaces to explore their potential to support urban sustainability in dense cities. This research understands public spaces as spaces that are open and available in different levels of access and use. The research focuses on 982 sky gardens in Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It adopts a mixed methodology, including site visits and observations, statistic measurements (based on SPSS software), and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) methods. The research follows three steps: first, it studies the urban context, including urban density, land uses, and policy regulations regarding sky gardens and sustainability. Second, it examines sky gardens’ spatial characteristics in terms of form (morphology, typology, size, affordances, configuration), openness quality (accessibility, ownership, permeability), and geometry (open space ratio, height of space-to-building, void-to-solid ratio, shape index). Third, the research compares the findings in three case cities and discusses their potential to support urban sustainability. The results suggest that despite the limitations of sky gardens, they may play, to different degrees, fundamental roles as open public spaces in high-density urban environments supporting cities’ sustainability. High-density environments offer more opportunities for the sustainable development of sky gardens, which creates a new spatial paradigm for compact vertical greenery in high-density cities.
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors evaluated the vitality of parks and squares in different functional spaces in the main urban area in Jiaozuo and quantitatively evaluated the four following aspects: urban space functional area characteristics, travel vitality index of urban residents, park and square attractiveness and the regional service levels of parks.
Abstract: Medium-sized cities are increasingly committed to the planning and construction of urban public spaces to meet people’s demand for high-quality urban life. Parks and squares are important parts of urban public spaces, and their vitality represents the quality of public spaces to a certain extent and reflects the happiness index of urban residents. At present, the functional areas and transportation networks of medium-sized cities are still developing. Due to the influence of urban construction, the planning of parks and squares in medium-sized cities has not yet caught up to that in larger cities. This study analyzed a medium-sized city, Jiaozuo, as an example, with the help of point of interest (POI) data, OpenStreetMap road network density data and WorldPop population data. The vitality of parks and squares in different functional spaces in the main urban area in Jiaozuo was quantitatively evaluated in terms of the four following aspects: urban space functional area characteristics, travel vitality index of urban residents, park and square attractiveness and the regional service levels of parks and squares. The effects of functional mixing, traffic network density, population density and spatial distribution on the vitality of parks and squares in medium-sized cities were also studied. The results showed that (1) the functional mixing in the main urban area in Jiaozuo was characterized by a spatial distribution of high in the center and low in the surrounding areas, with the highest functional mixing in the central part of the Jiefang District; (2) the travel dynamics of urban residents were characterized by a clear development of concentric circles radiating in a circular pattern; (3) the levels of service in parks and squares were particularly high in Jiefang District, with a spatial distribution of Jiefang District > Shanyang District > Macun District > Zhongzhan District; (4) under the condition that the service levels of each district were the same, the vitality values of the existing parks and squares in each district were compared and, from high to low, were Jiefang District (1.0–3.5), Shanyang District (0.2–2.0), Macun District (0–1.4) and Zhongzhan District (0–1.2). Functional mixing, road networks and population density had significant impacts on the vitality of parks and squares. Based on our study on the division of urban functional areas, we expanded the study to include urban microspaces. By evaluating the vitality of existing parks and squares and analyzing the influencing factors of spatial vitality, we found that it would be helpful to adopt targeted strategies to improve spatial vitality. Considering the spatial layouts of parks and squares, planning and constructing high-vitality parks and squares would be conducive to the future development of medium-sized cities. The existence of high-vitality spaces could also help to realize the sustainable development of cities.
TL;DR: In this article , urban environment quality indicators, as a prominent example of urban indicators, were measured in two and three dimensions in the central business district of Urmia in Iran, and a Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to find a pairwise relationship between indicators.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the relationship between urban green space and urban sprawl and concluded that the centrifugal forces of urban green spaces that lead to the movement of population and economic centers away from green spaces play a larger role in urban change than the centripetal forces that pull these centers toward urban green areas.
Abstract: Urban green space, comprising parks, fields, woodlands, and other semi-natural areas, is a fundamental component of urban ecosystems. The determination of the relationship between urban green space and urban sprawl is necessary to understand urbanization and the provision of urban ecosystem services. It has been hypothesized that the center of urban (i.e., population and economic) areas in fast-growing cities would migrate toward urban green space over time. To test this hypothesis, urban expansion and urban green space expansion were examined in five cities in China and five cities in the U.S. that were experiencing high rates of growth. Landsat images of those cities from 2000 to 2017 were combined with annual population and economic data and used to quantify the extent and migration of the urban green space. These data were analyzed using the center of gravity method by Grether and Mathys and circular statistics were used to determine the relationship between urban green space and urban expansion. Eight out of the ten cities showed a divergent pattern, i.e., the population and economic centers moved in a different direction to that of the urban green space. The movement of the mean centers of the urban green spaces in the U.S. cities was more consistent than that of the Chinese cities. Over 18 years, the movement of urban green space and urban expansion in the 10 cities showed a synchronous growth trend; however, the proportion of urban green space in the cities decreased. The urban expansion rate exceeded the population growth rate, which led to problems with an unreasonable urban sprawl that is likely to deplete the provision of ecosystem services in the future. In conclusion, the centrifugal forces of urban green space that lead to the movement of population and economic centers away from green spaces play a larger role in urban change than the centripetal forces that pull these centers toward urban green space.
TL;DR: In this article , a new evaluation method was proposed considering object, subject, content, and indicators, which is based on the assessment of the relationship between characteristic resources and human beings, is an effective strategy to improve the scientific evaluation of urban spatial identity.
TL;DR: In this paper , a critical review of the impact of auto-mobility on urban affairs is presented to solve the dialectical contradictions between the protagonists of compactness and their counterparts who advocate urban sprawl.
Abstract: This paper challenges the fact that the absolute freedom for residents to locate themselves wherever they want can lead to sustainable cities. Urban sprawl is the corollary to this freedom. Urban sprawl has become a controversial issue. Lines of thought among academics, practitioners, and local authorities have been diverse. Some academics advocate the compact city as an antidote to urban sprawl, some scholars doubt the ability of conventional notions of containments to create sustainability, and others are fascinated by urban technologies and believe in the feasibility of these technologies, whereas local authorities impose policies, one after the other, without effective results. The problematic point is the absence of a comprehensive approach to undermining the urban sprawl sustainably. On the other hand, the physical urban compactness alone cannot meet containment aims. The study therefore study poses a question: Is there a theory or policy that can accommodate all of these ideas? This study attempts to find a sustainable compromise through a critical review of the impact of auto-mobility on urban affairs and to solve the dialectical contradictions between the protagonists of compactness and their counterparts who advocate urban sprawl. The review ends with a comparison between urban initiatives and theories related to auto-mobilities, and highlights the approaches to sustainable urbanism. The conclusion is that all classic planning theories have neglected the sociocultural impact on the urban realm, and that the current initiatives and mutual debates consider the resident just as a physical object who cannot contribute effectively to sustainable urban syntax. The study concludes that urban sprawl can also be a compacted zone if authorities ensure the equity of loci-services. Then, the preference for housing locations will not be a challenge to urban residents’ movements to settle closer to their work. In the end, the inhabitants will share in making an integrated and real urban containment.
TL;DR: In this article , the relationship between urban planning and social order in the Soviet Union in the 1930s is explored, where urban planners translated the ideal of less densely populated cities into designed built environments, through a study of how they theorized urban green space.
Abstract: This article explores the relationship between urban planning and social order in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. From the mid-1930s, urban planners sought to shape the social order by reducing urban population density, limiting urban growth, and controlling mobility. The article explores how urban planners translated the ideal of less densely populated cities into designed built environments, through a study of how they theorized urban green space. This study ties the history of urban planning to the history of urban policing, mass operations, and the social repressions of the Stalinist 1930s through the lens of territoriality. It treats the rise of urban planning and urban policing as part of a single, state project to establish social order in cities, through establishing control over territory, implicating Soviet urban planners in the violent processes of social engineering of Stalinism.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigate the urban center as to whether, and to what extent, scaling in the spatial structure is taking place in the main urban area of Zhengzhou.
Abstract: The city is a fundamental regional unit of development. Urban spatial structure is a relationship performance among the physical environment, functional activities, and cultural values. Identifying the urban spatial structure and functional areas accurately is of great significance for optimizing urban planning and promoting urban development. Previous studies have focused on the distribution for the single-functional area in some big cities and urban agglomerations from a view of a static time node, with little focus on multifunctional areas’ distribution from the perspective of comprehensive evolutionary in underdeveloped regions, especially in provincial capitals in the Central Chinese region. Therefore, taking Zhengzhou, a representative National Central City in the undeveloped central part of China as an example, we investigate urban spatial sprawling in the main urban area. Our interest is twofold. Firstly, we investigate the urban center as to whether, and to what extent, scaling in the spatial structure. The second point of importance concerns the comparison of specific types of functional area in the spatial structure and morphology from a microlevel perspective. The identification framework has been constructed to identify and evaluate the urban spatial structure. The research shows the following: (i) There is a strong correlation between the urban center which is extracted and the density in spatial distribution. The density value of POIs decreases from the urban center to the suburbs. This result is in line with objective facts. (ii) The urban center area has expanded by 25.16 km2 in 2 years. In the center of the main urban area of Zhengzhou, it is generally accepted that the spatial structure pattern monocentric, but is polycentrically patterned in function. The compactness is increasing in the urban center area. (iii) By identifying the mixed functional area, it presents a circle-layer expanded layout with the comprehensive functional area as the core in 2016 and 2018. The comprehensive functional area has developed significantly and maturely, and in the multifunctional area, the development of the public–residential–business functional area and the public–residential–leisure functional area is relatively mature. In short, this study not only helps strategic planners to strengthen refined management, practical planning, construction, and management integration but also to assess whether policies or actions have been delivered as effectively as planned by identifying the urban spatial structure and revealing the evolution regulation.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluate the implementation of the compact city model in Jeddah by comparing the outcomes to what was expected, and the main finding of the study shows that to achieve noticeable sustainable urban development, the planning authority should aim for more regulation of flat urban development and promote a realistic and sustainable intensification policy.
Abstract: Urban sprawl is one of the most challenging urban phenomena. Many urban planners believe that it is difficult to achieve sustainable development without managing undesired urban growth. Since the 1960s, a wide range of urban planning policies have been introduced to manage urban sprawl. The concepts of New Urbanism, smart growth, and compact city started to be discussed and implemented in developed countries. Jeddah, as the second largest city in Saudi Arabia, is no exception. The planning authority has attempted to apply a compact city model to control urban sprawl. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the compact city model in Jeddah by comparing the outcomes to what was expected. It presents the historical urban growth pattern and discusses in detail the effect of the policy implementation on both district and city growth level. The main study findings are as follows: (i) While the compact city model depends on encouraging people to live in high-density districts and mixed-use development to reduce commuting time and increase the efficiency of public transport, Jeddah failed to provide an efficient public transportation system to encourage investments in mixed-use real-estate projects. (ii) A higher population density was achieved (from 44 to 155 person per hectare), but it came with many other infrastructure, social, and economic issues. (iii) The implementation failed to control the sprawl as was anticipated. The city grew within the study area by about 20% and the price per square m was increased by 300%. Thus, the main finding of the study shows that to achieve noticeable sustainable urban development—in the case of Jeddah—the planning authority should aim for more regulation of flat urban development and promote a more realistic and sustainable intensification policy. A well-designed approach to guide future development and provide functional open spaces to enhance the sense of community, reducing automobile dependency and respecting all other local social, economic, and environmental aspects, could be more effective in reducing and controlling the rate of urban sprawl.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors assessed urban vibrancy from the dimensions of density, accessibility, liveability, diversity, and human activity using an adjusted spatial TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution).
Abstract: In the context of rapid urbanisation and an emerging need for a healthy urban environment, revitalising urban spaces and its effects on the urban eco-environment in Chinese cities have attracted widespread attention. This study assessed urban vibrancy from the dimensions of density, accessibility, liveability, diversity, and human activity, with various indicators using an adjusted spatial TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) method. The study also explored the effects of urban vibrancy on the urban eco-environment by interpreting PM 2.5 and land surface temperature using “big” and “dynamic” data, such as those from mobile and social network data. Thereafter, spatial modelling was performed to investigate the influence of urban vibrancy on air pollution and temperature with inverted and extracted remote sensing data. This process identified spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation. The majority of the dimensions, such as density, accessibility, liveability, and diversity, are negatively correlated with PM 2.5, thereby indicating that the advancement of urban vibrancy in these dimensions potentially improves air quality. Conversely, improved accessibility increases the surface temperature in most of the districts, and large-scale infrastructure construction generally contributes to the increase. Diversity and human activity appear to have a cooling effect. In the future, applying spatial heterogeneity is advised to assess urban vibrancy and its effect on the urban eco-environment, to provide valuable references for spatial urban planning, improve public health and human wellbeing, and ensure sustainable urban development.
TL;DR: In this article , a critical review method is employed to understand how compactness as a sustainable urban development policy relates to different principles and dimensions of urban resilience, and the results of the review show some alignments between compact city policy outcomes and urban resilience.
Abstract: Sustainable development and urban resilience are dominant urban planning paradigms that have become buzzwords in urban planning and policy domains over the past 2–3 decades. While these two paradigms have been analyzed and scrutinized in different studies, the interconnection between them in policy realms is understudied. Compact development policy is expected to contribute to a variety of sustainability goals. However, these goals’ alignment with the principles and goals of urban resilience is under question. This research tries to shed some light on this issue. A critical review method is employed to understand how compactness as a sustainable urban development policy relates to different principles and dimensions of urban resilience. First, the conceptual and theoretical relationship between urban resilience and compact city is established. Next, the resulting framework is used to critically analyze 124 articles to understand how the compact city policy relates to urban resilience from different dimensions and principles. Densification and intensification, mixed land use and diversity, and spatial connectivity and public transportation are identified as principles of the compact city. Finally, the interconnection between compact city policy and urban resilience dimensions and principles is explored and assessed through examining the selected literature. The results of the review show some alignments between compact city policy outcomes and urban resilience. However, the level of alignment may vary depending on the context, scale, or dimension. In other words, while compact city in one scale/dimension can increase urban resilience to a specific adverse event or stressor, it might increase vulnerability to others in another scale/dimension. From the policy perspective, compact development policy and urban resilience principles should clearly be defined a priori to reach favorable outcomes.