Showing papers on "Valency published in 2005"

Phosphor and manufacturing method of the same, and light emitting device using the phosphor

Abstract: To provide a phosphor having an emission spectrum with a broad peak in a range from green color to yellow color, having a broad and flat excitation band capable of using lights of broad range from near ultraviolet/ultraviolet to blue lights as excitation lights, and having excellent emission efficiency and luminance. The problem is solved by providing the phosphor expressed by a general composition formula MmAaBbOoNn:Z (where element M is one or more kinds of elements having bivalent valency, element A is one or more kinds of elements having tervalent valency, element B is one or more kinds of elements having tetravalent valency, O is oxygen, N is nitrogen, and element Z is one or more kinds of elements acting as the activator.), satisfying 4.0 2.5, n>o, n=2/3 m+a+4/3 b−2/3 o.

Case Pattern Splits, Verb Types and Construction Competition

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on verb splits in case-marking patterns and proposes a set of constraints that account for the cross-linguistic variation in case patterns for different verb classes The transitive prototype is defined in terms of the role properties of its core arguments as well as the properties of the verb While a canonical transitive construction should conform to a certain semantic transitive prototype, no such prototype is available for an intransitive construction While perception verbs are treated as agentive, emotion verbs are, for the most part, either patientive or “variable” Cognition verbs fall in between these two classes because some of them belong to the agentive class while others belong to the “variable” class Variation in case-marking patterns is viewed as resulting from a different ranking of potentially conflicting and violable constraints Thus, in the case of canonically transitive constructions, all these constraints are satisfied Another factor that can influence case marking is polysemy Notably, polysemous items often share the same case pattern even if their different meanings represent different verb types

Phosphor and manufacturing method for the same, and light source

Abstract: To provide a phosphor having an emission spectrum with a broad peak in a range from yellow color to red color (580 nm to 680 nm) and an excellent excitation band on the longer wavelength side from near ultraviolet/ultraviolet of excitation light to visible light (250 nm to 550 nm), and having an improved emission intensity. The phosphor is provided, which is given by a general composition formula expressed by MmAaBbOoNn:Z, (wherein element M is more than one kind of element having bivalent valency, element A is more than one kind of element having tervalent valency selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, Tl, Y, Sc, P, As, Sb, and Bi, element B is more than one kind of element having tetravalent valency, O is oxygen, N is nitrogen, and element Z is more than one kind of element selected from rare earth elements or transitional metal elements, satisfying m>0, a>0, b>0 o≧0, and n=2/3m+a+4/3b−2/3o), and further containing boron and/or fluorine.

Zur Analyse der scheinbar mehrfachen Vorfeldbesetzung

Abstract: In this article I discuss examples of multiple constituents before the finite verb in German. I provide an analysis that uses an empty verbal head that takes the elements before the finite verb as arguments or adjuncts. The empty verbal head that is used for the analysis of multiple frontings is identical to the empty verbal head that is used to account for the analysis of verb first sentences (verb movement). The analysis uses techniques that were developed independently for the analysis of Incomplete Category Fronting.

Structural, optical, and electronic properties of vanadium oxide nanotubes

Abstract: The structure and electronic properties of vanadium oxide nanotubes have been studied using optical, photoemission, and electron energy-loss spectroscopies. Electron diffraction indicates the tubular structure with an interlayer distance of about $26.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$. Photoemission spectroscopy gives an atomic ratio of vanadium to oxygen of 1:2.5, which is very close to vanadium pentoxide. From V $2p$ core-level photoemission and vanadium $L$-edge excitation spectroscopy, an averaged vanadium valency of about ${4.4}^{+}$ is obtained. The lowest lying (interband) electronic excitations reflect this mixed valency. These excitations are rather localized as revealed by essentially no dispersion as a function of momentum transfer in electron energy-loss spectroscopy.

Valence state of Tm in TmX (X = S, Se, Te) investigated by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

Abstract: The electronic structure of thulium monochalcogenides $\mathrm{Tm}X$ $(X=\mathrm{S},\mathrm{Se},\mathrm{Te})$ is investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in the partial fluorescence yield mode (PFY-XAS) and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy around and far below the edge. These three resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS)-derived techniques yield consistent values of the thulium valency of 2.67, 2.65, and 2.70, respectively, in the mixed-valent compound TmSe. These values are in closer agreement with the valency derived from the lattice parameter measurement compared to previous x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and XAS studies. The study demonstrates that RIXS is a powerful and accurate probe of mixed-valent states in $f$-electron systems.

Identifying Semantic Relations and Functional Properties of Human Verb Associations

Abstract: This paper uses human verb associations as the basis for an investigation of verb properties, focusing on semantic verb relations and prominent nominal features. First, the lexical semantic taxonymy GermaNet is checked on the types of classic semantic relations in our data; verb-verb pairs not covered by GermaNet can help to detect missing links in the taxonomy, and provide a useful basis for defining non-classical relations. Second, a statistical grammar is used for determining the conceptual roles of the noun responses. We present prominent syntax-semantic roles and evidence for the usefulness of co-occurrence information in distributional verb descriptions.

Phosphor and manufacturing mehod for the same, and light source using the same

Abstract: To provide a phosphor having an emission spectrum with a broad peak in a range from yellow color to red color (580 nm to 680 nm) and an excellent excitation band on the longer wavelength side from near ultraviolet/ultraviolet of excitation light to visible light (250 nm to 550 nm), and having an improved emission intensity. The phosphor is provided, which is given by a general composition formula expressed by MmAaBbOoNn:Z, (wherein element M is more than one kind of element having bivalent valency, element A is more than one kind of element having tervalent valency selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, Tl, Y, Sc, P, As, Sb, and Bi, element B is more than one kind of element having tetravalent valency, O is oxygen, N is nitrogen, and element Z is more than one kind of element selected from rare earth elements or transitional metal elements, satisfying m > 0, a > 0, b > 0 o ≥ 0, and n = 2/3m + a + 4/3b - 2/3o), and further containing boron and/or fluorine.

The relation between valency, axial ratio, Young’s modulus and resistivity of rapidly solidified tin-based eutectic alloys

Abstract: Eutectic alloys of Sn with Cu, Cd, Al, Pb and Sb (peritectic) were produced by the melt-spinning technique These alloying elements were chosen according to their valencies +1, +2, +3, +4 and +5 respectively X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was carried out Young’s modulus and resistivity were measured It was found that, alloying Sn with low valency metals such as Cu and Cd increases the axial ratio and alloying Sn with high valency metals such as Pb, Sb and Bi decreases the axial ratio Also Young’s modulus was found to increase by increasing the axial ratio and decreases by decreasing it On the contrary the resistivity decreases by increasing the axial ratio

Electrosorption Valency and Partial Charge Transfer

Abstract: By definition, electrochemical reactions involve charge transfer through the electrochemical interface. Therefore, the charge flowing in the elementary act is an important characteristic of a process. For a simple electronor ion-transfer reaction, this charge is always a multiple of the unit charge: in the former case it is simply the number of electrons exchanged between the reactant and the electrode, in the latter case it is the valency of the ion that is incorporated into the electrode. But in an adsorption reaction the adsorbate need not exchange an integral number of electrons with the electrode. Since it stays on the surface, it can share electrons with the electrode, forming a polar or a covalent bond. However, the partial charge transferred by the adsorbate to the electrode is not clearly defined, since the division of the bonding electrons into parts pertaining to the adsorbate and to the electrode is arbitrary to some extent. In spite of this, the amount of charge flowing at constant potential can clearly be measured, and this

Dielectric nonlinear capacitor ceramic material and its making technique

Abstract: This invention discloses an anti-ferroelectric ceramic capacitor material and its preparation technology, which applies Sn of positive four valency to replace Zr of positive 4 valency, applies the positive 3 valency La to replace 2 valency Pb in the compound of Pb(Zr, Ti) O3 to form a multi-component solid solution with Pb vacancy. The balanced formula of the charge and the valency is: (Pb1-3 2/2Laz)[(Zri-ysny)1-Tix]O3, in which, x varies between 0.06`0.20, y: 0.2010.40, z varies between 0.02-0.08, or positive 2 valency Sr or Ba is added to replace 2 valency Pb in Pb(zr, Ti) O3, the formula is [(Pb1-wBw)1-3z/2Laz][Zr1-ySny]1-xTix ]O3, B expresses Sr or Ba of 2 valency, w varies between 0.02-0.12. A conventional electronic ceramic preparation method is applied in the method.

Effect of Size and Valency of Intercalant Ions on Optical Properties of Polycrystalline MoO3 Films

Abstract: The effect of ion size and valency on the optical and structural properties of polycrystalline MoO 3 films has been investigated by recording these properties before and after intercalating the films with H, K, and Mg ions of different concentrations X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements on intercalated films show lattice distortions/structural disorder depending on the size of intercalant ion Spectral variation of transmittance (T) and absorptance (100-R-T) was found to depend on the concentration of intercalated ions (x), their size, and valency Absorption in intercalated films in the visible and near-infrared region is due to lower valence states of Mo Optical and XRD studies show superiority of Mg ions over other monovalent ions as intercalants

Magnetism and transport in YbMn2Sb2

Abstract: A new ternary intermetallic compound, namely, YbMn2Sb2, has been synthesized and its magnetic and electrical transport properties have been studied in the temperature range of 2–300K. This compound crystallizes in a trigonal, La2O2S-type structure (space-group P3bm1, No. 164) and is found to be ferromagnetically ordered at room temperature. The magnetism is attributed to the ordering of Mn sublattice. M5 x-ray absorption spectrum of YbMn2Sb2 obtained at room temperature suggests that the valency of Yb in this compound is close to 2+. Electrical resistivity of this compound is metal-like and a positive magnetoresistance of 13% is observed at 5K in an applied field of 9T.

Effective valency of Dy ions in Dy3N@C80 metallofullerenes and peapods

Abstract: We report on the electronic properties of the trimetal‐nitride fullerene Dy3N@C80 and its encapsulated form inside SWCNT, the metallofullerene peapod, using high‐energy spectroscopic methods as probes. From a comparison of the Dy 4d‐4f absorption edges and the valence‐band photoemission spectra with atomic multiplet calculations the effective valency of the encapsulated rare‐earth ions is evaluated. We observe that the Dy ions inside fullerene cage are essentially trivalent which is not affected by the peapod formation.

Head Marking and Dependent Marking of Grammatical Relations in Yurakaré

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the split between the head and dependent markings of grammatical relations in the Yurakare language. Head-marked participants are marked at two different positions in the verbal template of Yurakare: subjects are suffixed and objects are prefixed. In Yurakare, formal encoding of participants on the verb is based on transitivity rather than valency, in the sense that roots are either intransitive or transitive. Additional arguments, whether obligatorily present or not, are formally encoded as applicative objects. Subjects are marked by suffixes that follow the root, derivational information, and tense, mood, and aspect (TMA) markers. The affected object marks a participant that is affected in a nondirect way by the event. Both transitive and intransitive roots can take this applicative marker. With transitive roots, the affected object applicative can be either valency increasing, adding an argument to the existing valence, raising the valence from two to three, or valency rearranging.

Method and system for selecting and conjugating a verb

Abstract: A verb conjugating system allows a user to input a form of a verb and display the verb forms. The verb conjugating system allows the user to input the infinitive form or non-infinitive forms of a verb. When a user inputs a non-infinitive form of a verb, the verb conjugating system identifies a corresponding base form of the verb. The verb conjugating system then uses the base form to retrieve and display the verb forms for the verb. The verb conjugating system may highlight the non-infinitive form of the verb within the displayed verb forms to assist the user in locating the verb form of interest.

Transformation of WordNet Czech Valency Frames into Augmented VALLEX-1.0 Format

Abstract: The paper presents details and comparison of two valuable language resources for Czech, two independent verb valency frames electronic dictionaries. The FIMU verb valency frames dictionary was designed during the EuroWordNet project and contains semantic roles and links to the Czech wordnet semantic network. The VALLEX 1.0 format is based on the formalism of the Functional Generative Description (FGD) and was developed during the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) project. We present the tools and approaches that were used within the process of adopting the FIMU Vallex format for the wordnet enriched valency frames.

The Role of Semantic Roles in Disambiguating Verb Senses | NIST

Abstract: We describe an automatic Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) system that disambiguates verb senses using syntactic and semantic features that encode information about predicate arguments and semantic classes. Our system performs at the best published accuracy on the English verbs of Senseval-2. We also experiment with using the gold-standard predicate-argument labels from PropBank for disambiguating fine-grained WordNet senses and course-grained PropBank framesets, and show that disambiguation of verb senses can be further improved with better extraction of semantic roles.

An Investigation into the Nature of Verbal Alternations and their Use in the Creation of Bilingual Valency Entries

Abstract: In this paper we investigate the properties of Japanese and English transitiveintransitive alternations.For Japanese alternations,we show that the selectional restrictions of alternating arguments are more similar than those for non-alternating arguments.Across languages we show that there are four major strategies for translating alternating verbs.Finally,we present a method that uses alternation data to add new entries to an existing bilingual valency lexicon.If the existing lexicon has only one half of the alternation,then our method constructs the other half.The new entries have detailed information about argument structure and selectional restrictions.In this paper we focus on one class of alternations,but our method is applicable to any alternation.We were able to increase the coverage of the causative alternation to 85.4%,and the new entries gave an overall improvement in translation quality of 32%.

Bonding of Rubbers to Metal Cord Using Compounds of Variable-Valency Metals:

Abstract: International Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 32, No. 11, 2005 In the last few decades, metallic reinforcing elements of elastomeric articles have become as common as textile cord and fabrics. In this capacity, use is normally made of steel reinforcement, but the elastomer composites may have a different composition. The most commonly encountered combination is the bonding of rubbers based on polyisoprene to brass-coated steel, since radial tyres with metal cord in the breaker, and often in the carcass, have now become the most mass produced type of rubber–metal product. This type of rubber–metal composite includes bead rings, tyre valves of all designs, and also other mechanical rubber goods. The bonding of rubber to metal is one of the most complex problems, since in this case materials of completely different kind and having no affi nity for each other, and in addition differing in modulus, come into contact. Of all known bonding methods (by adhesive, an ebonite layer, etc.), for a rubber–metal cord system the only practically applicable method is the introduction into the composition of the rubber of special additives – adhesion promoters – combined with brass coating (or, much more rarely, zinc or bronze coating) of the surface of the metal. Only in this case is the region of adhesive contact least subject to random adverse effects in the process of product manufacture and best protected against different types of ageing during service. It is clear that the problem of improving the effectiveness of bonding of rubber to metal cord can be solved by two methods: by improving the composition and quality of the brass coating of the steel wire and by developing new rubber to metal cord adhesion promoters. The fi rst approach was in due course suffi ciently well covered in the literature [1], but its practical implementation remains a matter for the future [2]. In the former USSR, only at the Belorussian Ironand Steelworks was the process of manufacturing metal cord with a reduced copper content in the brass coating assimilated, and a new method tested for producing a brass coating alloyed with nickel [3]. At the same time, rubber to metal cord adhesion promoters are now used extremely widely, and, although there have been no revolutionary changes either in the composition of such products or in the interpretation of the mechanism of their action in the past 10–15 years, it is necessary to generalise the information accumulated since the time of publication of the most informative reviews on the given problem [3–5].

Basic verb frequency in Megrelian

Abstract: Our aim is to investigate which verbs show the highest textual frequencies in the Kartvelian language Megrelian. The general assumption is that unmarked verbs represent lexical core concepts and th ...