A
A. Goldschmidt
Researcher at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Publications - 475
Citations - 31994
A. Goldschmidt is an academic researcher from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: Neutrino & Neutrino detector. The author has an hindex of 88, co-authored 466 publications receiving 28557 citations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector
M. G. Aartsen,Rasha Abbasi,Y. Abdou,Markus Ackermann,Jenni Adams,Juanan Aguilar,Markus Ahlers,D. Altmann,J. Auffenberg,X. Bai,Michael J. Baker,S. W. Barwick,V. Baum,R. C. Bay,J. J. Beatty,S. Bechet,J. Becker Tjus,K.-H. Becker,M. L. Benabderrahmane,Segev BenZvi,P. Berghaus,D. Berley,Elisa Bernardini,A. Bernhard,D. Bertrand,D. Z. Besson,Gary Binder,Gary Binder,Daniel Bindig,M. Bissok,E. Blaufuss,J. Blumenthal,D. J. Boersma,S. Bohaichuk,C. Bohm,D. Bose,S. Böser,Olga Botner,L. Brayeur,H.-P. Bretz,A. M. Brown,R. Bruijn,Jürgen Brunner,M. J. Carson,J. Casey,M. Casier,Dmitry Chirkin,A. Christov,B. Christy,K. Clark,F. Clevermann,S. Coenders,Seth M. Cohen,D. F. Cowen,A. H. Cruz Silva,M. Danninger,J. Daughhetee,J. C. Davis,M. Day,C. De Clercq,S. De Ridder,Paolo Desiati,K. D. de Vries,Tyce DeYoung,Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez,Matt Dunkman,R. Eagan,B. Eberhardt,B. Eichmann,J. Eisch,R. W. Ellsworth,S. Euler,Paul Evenson,O. Fadiran,A. R. Fazely,Anatoli Fedynitch,J. Feintzeig,T. Feusels,Kirill Filimonov,Chad Finley,T. Fischer-Wasels,S. Flis,A. Franckowiak,K. Frantzen,T. Fuchs,Thomas K. Gaisser,J. C. Gallagher,L. Gerhardt,L. Gerhardt,L. Gladstone,Thorsten Glusenkamp,A. Goldschmidt,G. Golup,J. G. Gonzalez,J. A. Goodman,Dariusz Gora,Dylan T. Grandmont +96 more
TL;DR: The presence of a high-energy neutrino flux containing the most energetic neutrinos ever observed is revealed, including 28 events at energies between 30 and 1200 TeV, although the origin of this flux is unknown and the findings are consistent with expectations for a neutRino population with origins outside the solar system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in three years of icecube data
M. G. Aartsen,Markus Ackermann,Jenni Adams,Juanan Aguilar,Markus Ahlers,Maryon Ahrens,D. Altmann,T. Anderson,Carlos Arguelles,T. C. Arlen,J. Auffenberg,Xinhua Bai,Steven W. Barwick,V. Baum,J. J. Beatty,J. Becker Tjus,K.-H. Becker,Segev BenZvi,P. Berghaus,D. Berley,Elisa Bernardini,A. Bernhard,D. Z. Besson,G. Binder,G. Binder,Daniel Bindig,M. Bissok,E. Blaufuss,J. Blumenthal,D. J. Boersma,Christian Bohm,D. Bose,S. Böser,Olga Botner,L. Brayeur,H.-P. Bretz,A. M. Brown,J. Casey,M. Casier,Dmitry Chirkin,A. Christov,B. Christy,K. Clark,L. Classen,F. Clevermann,S. Coenders,D. F. Cowen,A. H. Cruz Silva,M. Danninger,J. Daughhetee,J. C. Davis,M. Day,J. P. A. M. de André,C. De Clercq,S. De Ridder,Paolo Desiati,K. D. de Vries,Tyce DeYoung,J. C. Díaz-Vélez,Matt Dunkman,R. Eagan,B. Eberhardt,B. Eichmann,J. Eisch,S. Euler,Paul Evenson,O. Fadiran,A. R. Fazely,Anatoli Fedynitch,J. Feintzeig,J. Felde,T. Feusels,Kirill Filimonov,Chad Finley,T. Fischer-Wasels,S. Flis,A. Franckowiak,K. Frantzen,T. Fuchs,Thomas K. Gaisser,Jay Gallagher,L. Gerhardt,L. Gerhardt,D. Gier,L. Gladstone,Thorsten Glusenkamp,A. Goldschmidt,G. Golup,Javier Gonzalez,J. A. Goodman,Dariusz Gora,D. T. Grandmont,Darren Grant,P. Gretskov,J. C. Groh,Axel Groß,C. Ha,C. Ha,C. Haack,A. Haj Ismail,P. Hallen,Allan Hallgren,Francis Halzen,Kael Hanson,Dustin Hebecker,D. Heereman,Dirk Heinen,K. Helbing,R. Hellauer,D. Hellwig,S. Hickford,G. C. Hill,Kara Hoffman,R. Hoffmann,A. Homeier,K. Hoshina,F. Huang,W. Huelsnitz,P. O. Hulth,Klas Hultqvist,S. Hussain,Aya Ishihara,E. Jacobi,J. E. Jacobsen,K. Jagielski,George Japaridze,K. Jero,O. Jlelati,M. Jurkovic,B. Kaminsky,Alexander Kappes,Timo Karg,Albrecht Karle,M. Kauer,J. L. Kelley,Ali Kheirandish,J. Kiryluk,J. Kläs,Spencer Klein,Spencer Klein,J.-H. Köhne,G. Kohnen,Hermann Kolanoski,A. Koob,L. Köpke,C. Kopper,Sandro Kopper,D. J. Koskinen,M. Kowalski,A. Kriesten,K. Krings,G. Kroll,J. Kunnen,Naoko Kurahashi,Takao Kuwabara,M. Labare,D. T. Larsen,M. J. Larson,M. Lesiak-Bzdak,M. Leuermann,J. Leute,J. Lünemann,Oscar Macias,James Madsen,Giorgio Maggi,Reina H. Maruyama,K. Mase,H. S. Matis,Frank McNally,K. Meagher,A. Meli,Thomas Meures,S. Miarecki,S. Miarecki,E. Middell,E. Middlemas,N. Milke,J. Miller,L. Mohrmann,Teresa Montaruli,R. Morse,R. Nahnhauer,U. Naumann,Hans Niederhausen,Sarah Nowicki,Dave Nygren,A. Obertacke,S. Odrowski,A. Olivas,A. Omairat,A. O'Murchadha,T. Palczewski,Larissa Paul,Ö. Penek,Joshua Pepper,C. Pérez de los Heros,C. Pfendner,Damian Pieloth,E. Pinat,J. Posselt,P. B. Price,Gerald Przybylski,J. Pütz,M. Quinnan,L. Rädel,Mohamed Rameez,K. Rawlins,P. Redl,I. Rees,René Reimann,Elisa Resconi,Wolfgang Rhode,Mike Richman,Benedikt Riedel,Sally Robertson,J. P. Rodrigues,Martin Rongen,Carsten Rott,Tim Ruhe,B. Ruzybayev,Dirk Ryckbosch,S. M. Saba,H. G. Sander,Marcos Santander,Subir Sarkar,Subir Sarkar,K. Schatto,F. Scheriau,T. O. B. Schmidt,M. Schmitz,S. Schoenen,S. Schöneberg,A. Schönwald,A. Schukraft,L. Schulte,O. Schulz,D. Seckel,Y. Sestayo,S. Seunarine,Rezo Shanidze,C. Sheremata,M. W. E. Smith,Dennis Soldin,Glenn Spiczak,Christian Spiering,Michael Stamatikos,Todor Stanev,N. A. Stanisha,A. Stasik,T. Stezelberger,R. G. Stokstad,A. Stößl,E. A. Strahler,R. Ström,N. L. Strotjohann,G. W. Sullivan,H. Taavola,Ignacio Taboada,A. Tamburro,A. Tepe,Samvel Ter-Antonyan,A. Terliuk,G. Tešić,S. Tilav,P. A. Toale,M. N. Tobin,Delia Tosi,Maria Tselengidou,E. Unger,M. Usner,Sofia Vallecorsa,N. van Eijndhoven,Justin Vandenbroucke,J. van Santen,M. Vehring,M. Voge,Matthias Vraeghe,C. Walck,M. Wallraff,Ch. Weaver,M. Wellons,Chris Wendt,S. Westerhoff,B. J. Whelan,Nathan Whitehorn,Nathan Whitehorn,C. Wichary,K. Wiebe,Christopher Wiebusch,Dawn Williams,H. Wissing,Matthias Wolf,T. R. Wood,Kurt Woschnagg,Donglian Xu,Xianwu Xu,J. P. Yanez,G. B. Yodh,S. Yoshida,P. Zarzhitsky,J. Ziemann,S. Zierke,M. Zoll +302 more
TL;DR: Results from an analysis with a third year of data from the complete IceCube detector are consistent with the previously reported astrophysical flux in the 100 TeV-PeV range at the level of 10(-8) GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 per flavor and reject a purely atmospheric explanation for the combined three-year data at 5.7σ.
Journal ArticleDOI
First observation of PeV-energy neutrinos with IceCube
M. G. Aartsen,Rasha Abbasi,Y. Abdou,Markus Ackermann,Jenni Adams,Juanan Aguilar,Markus Ahlers,D. Altmann,J. Auffenberg,Xinhua Bai,Michael J. Baker,Steven W. Barwick,V. Baum,R. C. Bay,J. J. Beatty,S. Bechet,J. Becker Tjus,K. H. Becker,Michael S. Bell,M. L. Benabderrahmane,Segev BenZvi,J. Berdermann,P. Berghaus,D. Berley,Elisa Bernardini,A. Bernhard,D. Bertrand,D. Z. Besson,Gary Binder,Gary Binder,Daniel Bindig,M. Bissok,E. Blaufuss,J. Blumenthal,D. J. Boersma,S. Bohaichuk,Christian Bohm,D. Bose,S. Böser,Olga Botner,L. Brayeur,H.-P. Bretz,A. M. Brown,R. Bruijn,Jürgen Brunner,M. J. Carson,J. Casey,M. Casier,Dmitry Chirkin,A. Christov,B. Christy,K. Clark,F. Clevermann,S. Coenders,Seth M. Cohen,D. F. Cowen,A. H. Cruz Silva,M. Danninger,J. Daughhetee,J. C. Davis,C. De Clercq,S. De Ridder,Paolo Desiati,Tyce DeYoung,J. C. Díaz-Vélez,Matt Dunkman,R. Eagan,B. Eberhardt,J. Eisch,R. W. Ellsworth,S. Euler,Paul Evenson,O. Fadiran,A. R. Fazely,Anatoli Fedynitch,J. Feintzeig,T. Feusels,Kirill Filimonov,Chad Finley,T. Fischer-Wasels,S. Flis,A. Franckowiak,R. Franke,K. Frantzen,T. Fuchs,Thomas K. Gaisser,Jay Gallagher,L. Gerhardt,L. Gerhardt,L. Gladstone,Thorsten Glusenkamp,A. Goldschmidt,G. Golup,Javier Gonzalez,J. A. Goodman,Dariusz Gora,Darren Grant,Axel Groß,M. Gurtner,C. Ha,C. Ha,A. Haj Ismail,P. Hallen,Allan Hallgren,Francis Halzen,Kael Hanson,D. Heereman,Dirk Heinen,K. Helbing,R. Hellauer,S. Hickford,G. C. Hill,Kara Hoffman,R. Hoffmann,A. Homeier,K. Hoshina,W. Huelsnitz,P. O. Hulth,Klas Hultqvist,S. Hussain,Aya Ishihara,E. Jacobi,J. E. Jacobsen,K. Jagielski,George Japaridze,K. Jero,O. Jlelati,B. Kaminsky,Alexander Kappes,Timo Karg,Albrecht Karle,J. L. Kelley,J. Kiryluk,Fabian Kislat,J. Kläs,Spencer Klein,Spencer Klein,J.-H. Köhne,G. Kohnen,Hermann Kolanoski,L. Köpke,C. Kopper,Sandro Kopper,D. J. Koskinen,M. Kowalski,M. Krasberg,K. Krings,G. Kroll,J. Kunnen,Naoko Kurahashi,Takao Kuwabara,M. Labare,H. Landsman,M. J. Larson,M. Lesiak-Bzdak,M. Leuermann,J. Leute,J. Lünemann,James Madsen,Reina H. Maruyama,K. Mase,H. S. Matis,Frank McNally,K. Meagher,M. Merck,Peter Mészáros,Thomas Meures,S. Miarecki,S. Miarecki,E. Middell,N. Milke,J. Miller,L. Mohrmann,Teresa Montaruli,R. Morse,R. Nahnhauer,U. Naumann,Hans Niederhausen,Sarah Nowicki,Dave Nygren,A. Obertacke,S. Odrowski,A. Olivas,M. Olivo,A. O'Murchadha,Larissa Paul,Joshua Pepper,C. Pérez de los Heros,C. Pfendner,Damian Pieloth,E. Pinat,N. Pirk,J. Posselt,P. B. Price,Gerald Przybylski,L. Rädel,Mohamed Rameez,K. Rawlins,P. Redl,René Reimann,Elisa Resconi,Wolfgang Rhode,M. Ribordy,M. Richman,Benedikt Riedel,J. P. Rodrigues,Carsten Rott,Tim Ruhe,B. Ruzybayev,Dirk Ryckbosch,S. M. Saba,T. Salameh,H. G. Sander,Marcos Santander,Subir Sarkar,K. Schatto,M. Scheel,F. Scheriau,T. O. B. Schmidt,M. Schmitz,S. Schoenen,S. Schöneberg,A. Schönwald,A. Schukraft,L. Schulte,O. Schulz,D. Seckel,Y. Sestayo,S. Seunarine,C. Sheremata,M. W. E. Smith,M. Soiron,Dennis Soldin,Glenn Spiczak,Christian Spiering,Michael Stamatikos,Todor Stanev,A. Stasik,T. Stezelberger,R. G. Stokstad,A. Stößl,E. A. Strahler,R. Ström,G. W. Sullivan,H. Taavola,Ignacio Taboada,A. Tamburro,Samvel Ter-Antonyan,G. Tešić,S. Tilav,P. A. Toale,Simona Toscano,M. Usner,D. van der Drift,D. van der Drift,N. van Eijndhoven,A. Van Overloop,J. van Santen,M. Vehring,M. Voge,Matthias Vraeghe,C. Walck,T. Waldenmaier,M. Wallraff,R. Wasserman,Ch. Weaver,M. Wellons,Chris Wendt,S. Westerhoff,Nathan Whitehorn,K. Wiebe,Christopher Wiebusch,Dawn Williams,H. Wissing,Matthias Wolf,T. R. Wood,Kurt Woschnagg,Chun Xu,Donglian Xu,Xianwu Xu,J. P. Yanez,G. B. Yodh,S. Yoshida,P. Zarzhitsky,J. Ziemann,S. Zierke,A. Zilles,M. Zoll +287 more
TL;DR: These two neutrino-induced events could be a first indication of an astrophysical neutrinos flux; the moderate significance, however, does not permit a definitive conclusion at this time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert
M. G. Aartsen,Markus Ackermann,Jenni Adams,Juan A. Aguilar,Markus Ahlers,Maryon Ahrens,Imen Al Samarai,David Altmann,Karen Andeen,Tyler Anderson,I. Ansseau,Gisela Anton,Carlos Arguelles,Bruno Arsioli,J. Auffenberg,Spencer Axani,Hadis Bagherpour,Xinhua Bai,Jared Barron,Steven W. Barwick,Volker Baum,R. C. Bay,J. J. Beatty,K. H. Becker,Julia Becker Tjus,Segev BenZvi,D. Berley,Elisa Bernardini,D. Z. Besson,Gary Binder,Daniel Bindig,E. Blaufuss,Summer Blot,Christian Bohm,Mathis Boerner,Fabian Bös,S. Boeser,Olga Botner,Etienne Bourbeau,James Bourbeau,Federica Bradascio,Jim Braun,Martin Brenzke,H.-P. Bretz,Stephanie Bron,Jannes Brostean-Kaiser,Alexander Burgman,Raffaela Busse,Tessa Carver,Edward Cheung,Dmitry Chirkin,A. Christov,Kenneth Clark,Lew Classen,S. Coenders,Gabriel Collin,Janet Conrad,Paul Coppin,Pablo Correa,D. F. Cowen,Robert A. Cross,Pranav Dave,Melanie Day,João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André,Catherine De Clercq,James DeLaunay,Hans Dembinski,Sam DeRidder,Paolo Desiati,Krijn de Vries,Gwenhael DeWasseige,Meike DeWith,T. DeYoung,J. C. Díaz-Vélez,Vincenzo Di Lorenzo,Hrvoje Dujmovic,J. P. Dumm,Matt Dunkman,Emily Dvorak,Benjamin Eberhardt,Thomas Ehrhardt,Bjorn Eichmann,Philipp Eller,Paul Evenson,Sam Fahey,A. R. Fazely,J. Felde,Kirill Filimonov,Chad Finley,S. Flis,Anna Franckowiak,Elizabeth Friedman,Alexander Fritz,Thomas K. Gaisser,Jay Gallagher,L. Gerhardt,Kevin Ghorbani,Paolo Giommi,Theo Glauch,Thorsten Gluesenkamp,A. Goldschmidt,Javier Gonzalez,Darren Grant,Zachary Griffith,Christian Haack,Allan Hallgren,Francis Halzen,Kael Hanson,Dustin Hebecker,D. Heereman,K. Helbing,Robert Hellauer,Stephanie Hickford,Joshua Hignight,G. C. Hill,Kara Hoffman,Ruth Hoffmann,Tobias Hoinka,Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig,K. Hoshina,F. Huang,Matthias Huber,Klas Hultqvist,Mirco Huennefeld,Raamis Hussain,Seongjin In,Nadège Iovine,Aya Ishihara,Emanuel Jacobi,George Japaridze,Minjin Jeong,Kyle Jero,B. J. P. Jones,Piotr Kalaczyński,Woosik Kang,Alexander Kappes,David Kappesser,Timo Karg,Albrecht Karle,Uli Katz,Matt Kauer,Azadeh Keivani,John Kelley,Ali Kheirandish,JongHyun Kim,M. S. Kim,Thomas Kintscher,Joanna Kiryluk,Thomas Kittler,Spencer Klein,Ramesh Koirala,Hermann Kolanoski,Lutz Koepke,Claudio Kopper,Sandro Kopper,Jan Paul Koschinsky,Jason Koskinen,Marek Kowalski,Benedikt Krammer,K. Krings,M. Kroll,Gerald Krueckl,Samridha Kunwar,Naoko Kurahashi Neilson,Takao Kuwabara,Alexander Kyriacou,M. Labare,Justin Lanfranchi,Michael J Larson,Frederik Hermann Lauber,Kayla Leonard,Mariola Lesiak-Bzdak,M. Leuermann,Qinrui Liu,Cristian Jesus Lozano Mariscal,Lu Lu,Jan Luenemann,William Luszczak,James Madsen,G. Maggi,Kendall Mahn,Sarah Mancina,Reina H. Maruyama,K. Mase,Ryan Maunu,K. Meagher,Morten Medici,Maximilian Meier,Thorben Menne,G. Merino,Thomas Meures,Sandy Miarecki,Jessie Micallef,Giulio Momente,Teresa Montaruli,Roger Moore,Robert Morse,Marjon Moulai,R. Nahnhauer,Prabandha Nakarmi,Uwe Naumann,Garrett Neer,Hans Niederhausen,Sarah Nowicki,Dave Nygren,Anna Obertacke Pollmann,A. Olivas,Aongus Ó Murchadha,Erin O'Sullivan,Paolo Padovani,T. Palczewski,Hershal Pandya,Daria Pankova,Peter Peiffer,James F. Pepper,Carlos Perez de los Heros,Damian Pieloth,E. Pinat,M. Plum,B Price,Gerald Przybylski,Christoph Raab,Leif Raedel,Mohamed Rameez,K. Rawlins,Immacolata Carmen Rea,René Reimann,Ben Relethford,Matt Relich,Elisa Resconi,Wolfgang Rhode,Mike Richman,Sally Robertson,Martin Rongen,Carsten Rott,Tim Ruhe,Dirk Ryckbosch,Devyn Rysewyk,Ibrahim Safa,Tobias Saelzer,Narek Sahakyan,Sebastian Sanchez Herrera,Alexander Sandrock,Joakim Sandroos,Marcos Santander,Sourav Sarkar,Subir Sarkar,Konstancja Satalecka,Philipp Schlunder,Torsten Schmidt,Austin Schneider,Sebastian Schoenen,Sebastian Schoeneberg,Lisa Johanna Schumacher,Stephen Sclanfani,D. Seckel,S. Seunarine,Jan Soedingrekso,Dennis Soldin,Ming Song,Glenn Spiczak,Christian Spiering,Juliana Stachurska,Michael Stamatikos,Todor Stanev,A. Stasik,Joeran Stettner,Anna Steuer,T. Stezelberger,R. G. Stokstad,A. Stoessl,Nora Linn Strotjohann,Thomas Stuttard,G. W. Sullivan,Michael Sutherland,Ignacio Taboada,Joulien Tatar,Frederik Tenholt,Samvel Ter-Antonyan,A. Terliuk,S. Tilav,P. A. Toale,Moriah Tobin,C. Toennis,Simona Toscano,Delia Tosi,Maria Tselengidou,Chunfai Tung,Andrea Turcati,Colin Turley,Bunheng Ty,Lisa Unger,Marcel Usner,Ward Van Driessche,Daan van Eijk,Nick van Eijndhoven,Justin Vandenbroucke,Sander Vanheule,Jakob van Santen,Eric Vogel,Matthias Vraeghe,C. Walck,Alexander Wallace,M. Wallraff,Frank Wandler,Nancy Wandkowsky,Aatif Waza,Chris Weaver,Matthew Weiss,Chris Wendt,Johannes Werthebach,S. Westerhoff,Ben Whelan,Nathan Whitehorn,Klaus Wiebe,Christopher Wiebusch,Logan Wille,Dawn Williams,Lizz Wills,Martin Wolf,Joshua A. Wood,Tania Wood,Kurt Woschnagg,Donglian Xu,Xianwu Xu,Yiqian Xu,Juan Pablo Yanez,G. B. Yodh,S. Yoshida,Tianlu Yuan +329 more
TL;DR: In this article, a high-energy neutrino event detected by IceCube on 22 September 2017 was coincident in direction and time with a gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical properties of deep glacial ice at the South Pole
Markus Ackermann,J. Ahrens,Xinhua Bai,M. Bartelt,S. W. Barwick,R. C. Bay,T. Becka,J. K. Becker,K.-H. Becker,P. Berghaus,Elisa Bernardini,D. Bertrand,D. J. Boersma,S. Böser,Olga Botner,Adam Bouchta,Othmane Bouhali,C.P. Burgess,T. Burgess,T. Castermans,Dmitry Chirkin,B. Collin,Jan Conrad,Jodi Cooley,D. F. Cowen,Anna Davour,C. De Clercq,C.P. de los Heros,Paolo Desiati,Tyce DeYoung,P. Ekström,T. Feser,Thomas K. Gaisser,R. Ganugapati,Heiko Geenen,L. Gerhardt,A. Goldschmidt,Axel Groß,Allan Hallgren,Francis Halzen,Kael Hanson,D. Hardtke,Torsten Harenberg,T. Hauschildt,K. Helbing,M. Hellwig,P. Herquet,G. C. Hill,Joseph T. Hodges,D. Hubert,B. Hughey,P. O. Hulth,K. Hultqvist,S. Hundertmark,Janet Jacobsen,Karl-Heinz Kampert,Albrecht Karle,M. Kestel,G. Kohnen,L. Köpke,Marek Kowalski,K. Kuehn,R. Lang,H. Leich,Matthias Leuthold,I. Liubarsky,Johan Lundberg,James Madsen,Pawel Marciniewski,H. S. Matis,C. P. McParland,T. Messarius,Y. Minaeva,P. Miocinovic,R. Morse,K. Münich,R. Nahnhauer,J. W. Nam,T. Neunhöffer,P. Niessen,D. R. Nygren,Ph. Olbrechts,A. C. Pohl,R. Porrata,P. B. Price,Gerald Przybylski,K. Rawlins,Elisa Resconi,Wolfgang Rhode,M. Ribordy,S. Richter,J. Rodríguez Martino,H. G. Sander,S. Schlenstedt,David A. Schneider,R. Schwarz,A. Silvestri,M. Solarz,Glenn Spiczak,Christian Spiering,Michael Stamatikos,D. Steele,P. Steffen,R. G. Stokstad,K. H. Sulanke,Ignacio Taboada,O. Tarasova,L. Thollander,S. Tilav,Wolfgang Wagner,C. Walck,M. Walter,Yi Wang,C. H. Wiebusch,R. Wischnewski,H. Wissing,Kurt Woschnagg +116 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used pulsed and continuous light sources embedded with the AMANDA neutrino telescope, an array of more than six hundred photomultiplier tubes buried deep in the ice.