抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

Despite the concern that has been expressed about potential method biases, and the pervasiveness of research settings with the potential to produce them, there is disagreement about whether they really are a problem for researchers in the behavioral sciences. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the current state of knowledge about method biases. First, we explore the meaning of the terms “method” and “method bias” and then we examine whether method biases influence all measures equally. Next, we review the evidence of the effects that method biases have on individual measures and on the covariation between different constructs. Following this, we evaluate the procedural and statistical remedies that have been used to control method biases and provide recommendations for minimizing method bias.

Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control It

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Cell signaling by receptor-tyrosine kinases

Preface to Discussion on Electronics with molecular materials: from synthesis to device. A Discussion held at the Royal Society on 4th and 5th June 1996. Organized and edited by D. D. C. Bradley, R. H. Friend and A. B. Holmes.

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Preface to Discussion on Electronics with molecular materials: from synthesis to device

A synthesis of the halogenated medium-ring ether natural product (+)-obtusenyne is reported utilizing a Claisen rearrangement and an intramolecular hydrosilation as key steps.

A Synthesis of (+)-Obtusenyne

In Gegenwart des Gemisches (III) erhalt man aus dem Monotrimethylsilylacetylen (I) und Benzophenon (II) das Addukt (IV).

Selective desilylation of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylenes

Selective Cleavage of Benzyl Ethers.

Chemistry is the most central of scientific disciplines and underpins the physical, material and biological world. Opportunities are abundant in the field of chemistry, as most major advances take place at the interface of two or more disciplines and chemistry sits at the core of trans-disciplinary research.

Andrew B. Holmes

Papers

Preface to Discussion on Electronics with molecular materials: from synthesis to device

A Synthesis of (+)-Obtusenyne

Selective desilylation of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylenes

Selective Cleavage of Benzyl Ethers.

Future chemistry: Proteins to plastics: Chemistry as a dynamic discipline