Showing papers by "Andrew J. Martin published in 2013"

Adaptability: How students’ responses to uncertainty and novelty predict their academic and non-academic outcomes.

Abstract: Adaptability is defined as appropriate cognitive, behavioral, and/or affective adjustment in the face of uncertainty and novelty. Building on prior measurement work demonstrating the psychometric properties of an adaptability construct, the present study investigates dispositional predictors (personality, implicit theories) of adaptability, and the role of adaptability in predicting academic (motivation, engagement, disengagement) and non-academic (self-esteem, life satisfaction, sense of meaning and purpose, emotional instability) outcomes. This longitudinal study (2 time points, 1 year apart), involving 969 adolescents from 9 high schools, found that personality (conscientiousness and agreeableness—positively; neuroticism—negatively) and implicit theories (effort-related beliefs about intelligence—positively) significantly predicted adaptability (beyond the effects of socio-demographics and prior achievement). Further, adaptability significantly predicted academic (class participation, school enjoyment, and positive academic intentions—positively; self-handicapping and disengagement—negatively) and non-academic (self-esteem, life satisfaction, and sense of meaning and purpose—positively) outcomes beyond the effects of socio-demographic factors, prior achievement, personality, implicit theories, and 2 cognate correlates (buoyancy and self-regulation). These findings hold implications for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and address young people’s responses to their changing academic and non-academic worlds.

Academic buoyancy and academic resilience: Exploring ‘everyday’ and ‘classic’ resilience in the face of academic adversity:

Abstract: Academic buoyancy has been defined as a capacity to overcome setbacks, challenges, and difficulties that are part of everyday academic life. Academic resilience has been defined as a capacity to ov...

Application of Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research and Practice

Abstract: This paper reviews prior applications of structural equation modeling in four major marketing journals (the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing No research design, no matter (ed) (1995) Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications. SAGE Principles and Practice of Structural The focus is examining whether or not papers with structural equation modeling (SEM) applications enjoy research journal is used to using structural equation Application of Structural Equation Modeling (Sem) in Hypothesis Testing Henry Kimani Mburu Morgan State University Earl G. Graves School of Business and Management Structural Equation Modeling Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text file (.txt) or read online for free. Background of Structural Equation Modeling. facing researchers who wish to use structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Models with Application of Structural Equation Modeling from Structural Equation Modeling of structural equation modeling in educational research and modeling in educational research and practice Chemistry Education Research and Practice This study explores the integration of these three domains using a structural equation modeling A reference guide for applications of SEM using Mplus. Structural Equation Modeling: Applications Using Mplus is intended as both a teaching Structural Equation Modeling factor analysis to systems of regression equations, with applications across a broad spectrum of of Educational and Structural Equations Modeling. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling 2. for Structural Equation Models, Sociological Methods and Research Structural equation modelling (SEM) Application of structural equation modelling for estimating airline performance. Hashem Salarzadeh Jenatabadi 1, , Continuing Education; Resources. Partners; Contact Us; Home; Structural Equation Modeling; Structural Equation Modeling Public Health Practice. Director's Application of Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research and Practice: Myint Swe Khine: 9789462093300: Books Amazon.ca Structural Equation Modeling: Applications Using Mplus is intended as both a teaching resource and a reference guide. Xiaoqian Wang, Publication Date: 2013 Publication Name: Application of Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research and Practice a need arises for equally sophisticated analytic methods to research Structural Equation Modeling for Structural Equation Models, Educational SEM stands for structural equation modeling. SEM is a notation for specifying structural equations, a way of thinking about them, and Validation of the Technology Satisfaction Model (TSM) Developed in Higher Education: The Application of Structural Equation Modeling Structural Equation Modeling: Numerous examples of applications are given and attention is paid to the underlying philosophy of structural equation QOL researchers have realized the potential of structural equation modeling Application of Structural Equation Models to Quality of Life. Lee, Sik-Yum If you are looking for the ebook Application of Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research and Practice in pdf format, in that case you come on to the right website. We present utter version of this book in PDF, doc, txt, ePub, DjVu forms. You can read Application of Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research and Practice online or load. In addition, on our website you can reading manuals and different artistic books online, either downloading them. We like to attract your attention that our site does not store the book itself, but we give ref to site wherever you can load either reading online. So that if have must to download Application of Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research and Practice pdf , then you have come on to the correct website. We have Application of Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research and Practice PDF, DjVu, ePub, txt, doc formats. We will be glad if you will be back to us again and again.

The Role of Arts Participation in Students' Academic and Nonacademic Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study of School, Home, and Community Factors.

Abstract: This longitudinal study draws on positive youth development frameworks and ecological models to examine the role of school-, home- and community-based arts participation in students’ academic (e.g., motivation, engagement) and nonacademic (e.g., self-esteem, life satisfaction) outcomes. The study is based on 643 elementary and high school students from 15 schools conducted over the course of 2 academic years. Structural equation modeling showed that beyond sociodemographics, prior achievement, and prior variance in outcome measures, school predictors of academic and nonacademic outcomes were arts engagement and in-school arts participation; home predictors were parent–child arts interaction and home-based arts resources; and community arts predictors were participation in and attendance at arts events and external arts tuition (the latter, a negative effect). Implications for theory, policy, funding, and practice are discussed.

Designing Instructional Text in a Conversational Style: A Meta-analysis

Abstract: This article reviews research on the effects of conversational style on learning. Studies of conversational style have variously investigated “personalization” through changing instances of first-person address to second or third person, including sentences that directly address the learner; including more polite forms of address; and making the views and personality of the author more visible. Meta-analyses provided mixed support for a model of learning processes; statistically reliable average effects were found on self-reports of friendliness (d = 0.46) and effective cognitive processing (d = 0.62), but not learning assistance (d = 0.16) and interest (d = 0.15). Statistically reliable average effects on retention (d = 0.30) and transfer (d = 0.54) learning outcomes supported conversational-style redesigns across a range of potential moderators; the clearest apparent boundary condition for learning outcomes across the moderators under analysis was instructional time, with small, non-significant effects being found in studies longer than 35 min. Recommendations for future investigations are discussed.

Dark survival in a warming world.

Abstract: Most algae regularly experience periods of darkness ranging from a few hours to a few days. During this time, they are unable to photosynthesize, and so must consume stored energy products. However, some organisms such as polar algae and some microalgal cysts and spores are exposed to darkness for months to years, and these must use alternative strategies to survive. Some taxa, such as dinoflagellates, form cysts and become dormant. Others use physiological methods or adopt mixotrophy. The longest documented survival of more than a century was for dinoflagellates buried in sediments in a Norwegian fjord. Seasonal changes in daylight hours are naturally unaffected by climate change. This means that polar microalgae will in the future need to survive the same period of seasonal darkness but at higher temperatures, and this will require a greater drawdown of stored energy. Recent experimental work has shown that both Arctic and Antarctic phytoplankton are able to survive increases of up to 6°C in the dark.

Human papillomavirus, smoking status and outcomes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract: It is now clear that the two separate entitles of tonsillar cancer, HPV induced and non-HPV induced (smoking induced), have significantly different presenting stage and outcomes. A significant proportion of patients with human papillomavirus positive tonsillar cancer have had exposure to smoking. We examined the combined effect of human papillomavirus and smoking on the outcomes and determined whether smoking can modify the beneficial effect of human papillomavirus. A total of 403 patients from nine centers were followed up for recurrence or death for a median of 38 months. Determinants of the rate of loco-regional recurrence, death from tonsillar cancer and overall survival were modeled using Cox regression. Smoking status was a significant predictor of overall survival (p = 0.04). There were nonstatistically significant trends favoring never smokers for loco-regional recurrence and disease specific survival. In addition, there was no statistically significant interactions between smoking and human papillomavirus (p-values for the interaction were 0.26 for loco-regional recurrence, 0.97 for disease specific survival and 0.73 for overall survival). The effect of smoking on loco-regional recurrence and disease specific survival outcomes was not statistically significant, nor was there significant evidence that the effect of smoking status on these outcomes was modified by HPV status. Irrespective of HPV status, however, smokers did have poorer overall survival than never-smokers, presumably due to effects of smoking that are unrelated to the primary cancer.

The Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect and a National Policy of Within-School Ability Streaming Alternative Frames of Reference

Abstract: The big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) was evaluated with 4,461 seventh to ninth graders in Singapore where a national policy of ability streaming is implemented. Consistent with the BFLPE, when prior achievement was controlled, students in the high-ability stream had lower English and mathematics self-concepts (ESCs and MSCs) and those in the lower-ability stream had higher ESCs and MSCs. Consistent with the local-dominance effect, the effect of stream-average achievement on ESCs and MSCs was more negative than—and completely subsumed—the negative effect of school-average achievement. However, stream-average achievement was stronger than, or as strong as, the more local class-average achievement. Taken together, findings highlight the potential interplay of a local dominance effect with variability and/or salience of target comparisons in academic self-concept formations.

(Non)words, (non)words, (non)words: evidence for a protolexicon during the first year of life

Abstract: Previous research with artificial language learning paradigms has shown that infants are sensitive to statistical cues to word boundaries(Saffran,Aslin&Newport,1996)andthattheycanusethesecuestoextractword-likeunits(Saffran,2001).However, it is unknown whether infants use statistical information to construct a receptive lexicon when acquiring their native language. In order to investigate this issue, we rely on the fact that besides real words a statistical algorithm extracts sound sequences that are highly frequent in infant-directed speech but constitute nonwords. In three experiments, we use a preferential listening paradigm to test French-learning 11-month-old infants’ recognition of highly frequent disyllabic sequences from their native language. In Experiments 1 and 2, we use nonword stimuli and find that infants listen longerto high-frequency than to low-frequency sequences. In Experiment 3, we compare high-frequency nonwords to real words in the same frequency range, and find that infants show no preference. Thus, at 11 months, French-learning infants recognize highly frequent sound sequences from their native language and fail to differentiate between words and nonwords among these sequences. These results are evidence that they have used statistical information to extract word candidates from their input and stored them in a ‘protolexicon’, containing both words and nonwords.

Academic Momentum at University/College: Exploring the Roles of Prior Learning, Life Experience, and Ongoing Performance in Academic Achievement Across Time

Abstract: In the context of "academic momentum," a longitudinal study of university students (N = 904) showed high school achievement and ongoing university achievement predicted subsequent achievement through university. However, the impact of high school achievement diminished, while additive effects of ongoing university achievement continued. Deferred entry to university also predicted achievement through university.

Physical activity and fitness in women with metastatic breast cancer

Abstract: This study aimed to explore differences in physical activity and fitness between women with metastatic breast cancer compared to healthy controls and factors associated with their physical activity levels. Seventy-one women with metastatic breast cancer, aged (mean (SD)) 57.7 (9.5) and 2.9 (3.1) years after the onset of metastatic disease, and 71 healthy controls aged 55.0 (9.4) years participated. Of those with metastatic disease, 27 % had bone-only metastases, 35 % visceral-only metastases and 38 % bone and visceral metastases. Patient-reported outcomes and physical measures of muscle strength and aerobic fitness assessments were obtained. Participants wore a SenseWear® physical activity monitor over 7 days, and the average steps/day and the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity were determined. Women with metastases were significantly (i) less aerobically fit than the control group (25.3 (5.4) vs. 31.9 (6.1) mL • kg−1 • min−1; P < 0.001); (ii) weaker (e.g. lower limb strength for the metastatic and control groups was 53.5 (23.7) vs. 76.0 (27.4) kg, respectively; P < 0.001); (iii) less active, with the metastatic group attaining only 56 % of the mean daily step counts of the healthy women; and (iv) more symptomatic, reporting higher levels of fatigue and dyspnoea (P < 0.001). Women living in the community with metastatic breast cancer possessed lower aerobic fitness, reduced muscular strength and less daily physical activity compared to healthy counterparts. They also experienced poorer functioning and higher symptom burden. Women living with metastatic breast cancer may benefit from a physical activity programme to address their physical impairments.

Overview of perceptions of German wine tourism from the winery perspective

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider how German wineries can successfully diversify into wine tourism, in an effort to support their primary business activity of producing and selling high quality wine.Design/methodology/approach – A survey questionnaire was created, collected and analysed using the software programme SurveyMonkey.Findings – Results indicate that the implementation of wine tourism by German vintners will be a significant challenge as the respondents report a lack of marketing and tourism management skill and knowledge; most are small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) – which means they have little time or manpower available to devote to developing wine tourism; and there is a low level of reported co‐operation amongst stakeholders.Research limitations/implications – The research could have taken place over a longer period of time, in order to present more reliable data and also it could have included a more representative sample from other sectors of the industry, such as c...

The SAAP pipeline and database: tools to analyze the impact and predict the pathogenicity of mutations

Abstract: Understanding and predicting the effects of mutations on protein structure and phenotype is an increasingly important area. Genes for many genetically linked diseases are now routinely sequenced in the clinic. Previously we focused on understanding the structural effects of mutations, creating the SAAPdb resource. We have updated SAAPdb to include 41% more SNPs and 36% more PDs. Introducing a hydrophobic residue on the surface, or a hydrophilic residue in the core, no longer shows significant differences between SNPs and PDs. We have improved some of the analyses significantly enhancing the analysis of clashes and of mutations to-proline and from-glycine. A new web interface has been developed allowing users to analyze their own mutations. Finally we have developed a machine learning method which gives a cross-validated accuracy of 0.846, considerably out-performing well known methods including SIFT and PolyPhen2 which give accuracies between 0.690 and 0.785. We have updated SAAPdb and improved its analyses, but with the increasing rate with which mutation data are generated, we have created a new analysis pipeline and web interface. Results of machine learning using the structural analysis results to predict pathogenicity considerably outperform other methods.

The National Emergency Access Target (NEAT): can quality go with timeliness?

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To report the experience of implementing a 4-hour-rule program. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A 3-2013 whole-of-hospital clinical service redesign program in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Western Australia, involving all patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage of patients admitted, discharged or transferred from the ED within 4 hours of arrival at triage, and percentage of patients discharged from inpatient wards before 10 am. RESULTS The percentage of patients admitted, discharged or transferred within 4 hours of arrival at the ED increased from 87% in 2009 to 95% in 2011. Safety and quality measures, including the admission rate from the ED, unplanned reattendances at the ED within 48 hours of discharge, patient complaints and inhospital mortality, remained unchanged. The percentage of patients discharged from inpatient wards before 10 am increased from 18% in 2009 to 30% in 2011. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a 4-hour-rule program has resulted in improved timeliness of care for patients throughout the hospital, both in the ED and inpatient wards, with no adverse impact on the quality and safety of clinical care.

Performance of the Parent Report of Children's Abilities–Revised (PARCA-R) versus the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III

Abstract: Background The Parent Report of Children’s Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) assesses cognitive and language development at 24 months. It was validated against the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II), but this has now been superseded by BSID III. Objective To compare the PARCA-R against the BSID III. Methods PARCA-R and BSID III assessments scheduled at 24 months of age (corrected for prematurity) were completed in 204 infants with suspected or proven neonatal sepsis in the International Neonatal Immunotherapy Study. Associations between the scales were measured and the predictive accuracy of the PARCA-R for moderate cognitive delay and moderate language delay was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results Median birthweight was 911 g, median gestational age at birth was 27 weeks and 100 (49.0%) were girls. 4.4% and 8.4% met standard BSID III criteria for cognitive delay and language delay, respectively. These rates increased to 19.6% and 12.6% when an independent sample of normal term infants were used as the reference group suggesting standard BSID III reference norms may tend to underestimate delay. The Spearman correlation between PARCA-R and BSID scales were 0.43 for cognition and 0.71 for language. The PARCA-R successfully predicted cases of cognitive delay and language delay with the area under the ROC curves ranging from 0.83 to 0.97 depending on reference norms used. Conclusions The results support the PARCA-R as a practical tool for the identification of appreciable cognitive and language delay at 24 months among critically ill premature and extremely low birthweight neonates.

The Median Informs the Message: Accuracy of Individualized Scenarios for Survival Time Based on Oncologists' Estimates

Abstract: Purpose To determine the accuracy and usefulness of oncologists' estimates of survival time in individual patients with advanced cancer Patients and Methods Twenty-one oncologists estimated the “median survival of a group of identical patients” for each of 114 patients with advanced cancer Accuracy was defined by the proportions of patients with an observed survival time bounded by prespecified multiples of their estimated survival time We expected 50% to live longer (or shorter) than their oncologist's estimate (calibration), 50% to live from half to double their estimate (typical scenario), 5% to 10% to live ≤ one quarter of their estimate (worst-case scenario), and 5% to 10% to live three or more times their estimate (best-case scenario) Estimates within 067 to 133 times observed survival were deemed precise Discriminative value was assessed with Harrell's C-statistic and prognostic significance with proportional hazards regression Results Median survival time was 11 months Oncologists' estima

Can urodynamic stress incontinence be diagnosed by ultrasound

Abstract: Introduction and hypothesis Multichannel urodynamic testing is commonly used to diagnose urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). It has been claimed that USI may be diagnosed by imaging. In this study we determined the predictive value of ultrasound findings for USI.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents: A new paediatric model of care

Abstract: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder affecting more than 8000 children and adolescents throughout Australia. It results in marked elevation in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from birth that predisposes individuals to premature coronary heart disease in adult life. The majority of children and adolescents with FH are undiagnosed, as symptoms and signs only develop after decades of hypercholesterolaemia. Cascade screening of family members after detecting FH in an index case is an effective approach that allows the diagnosis of FH to be made in the young, before significant atherosclerosis develops. With the availability of effective therapies, mainly statins, paediatricians are ideally placed to improve the outcomes of this disorder by detecting and managing hypercholesterolaemia in childhood, thereby preventing premature coronary artery disease. We describe a new paediatric model of care for FH.

Improving the Achievement, Motivation, and Engagement of Students With ADHD: The Role of Personal Best Goals and Other Growth-Based Approaches

Abstract: In light of recent evidence suggesting the academic benefits of personal best (PB) goals for students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this article explores practical approaches to implementing PB goals in the counselling and classroom context. Beginning with a brief summary of how and why PB goals impact academic outcomes and the relevance of this to students with ADHD, concrete steps to implementing PB goals are described. Following this, the broader concept of academic growth is discussed, along with some guidance as to how to operationalise growth approaches with students. Taken together, a greater focus on academically at-risk students’ personal trajectories is suggested as a potentially fruitful approach to enhancing their educational outcomes.

Further Support for Five Dimensions of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms

Abstract: Attempts to explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have resulted in three to six OCD symptom dimensions. This study aimed to clarify the nature of these symptom dimensions using a self-report instrument (Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory [VOCI]) in addition to the clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Symptom Checklist (YBOCS-SC). Participants (N = 154) were recruited to a study designed to specifically assess OCD symptom dimensions. Symptoms assessed via the YBOCS-SC and the VOCI were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA). Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the YBOCS-SC-derived symptom dimensions and the VOCI symptom subscales. PCA of the YBOCS-SC and the VOCI revealed five OCD symptom dimensions that explained 68% and 60% of the variance, respectively. The results also supported a distinction between the doubt/checking symptom dimension and the unacceptable/taboo thoughts dimension that includes mental rituals. The YBOCS-SC-derived symptom components were predicted by their respective VOCI symptom subscale scores.

Risk assessment to guide prostate cancer screening decisions: A cost-effectiveness analysis

Abstract: Free to read on journal website (may need to create free account first) Objectives: To apply the most recent evidence from randomised trials of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and explore the potential value of risk assessments to guide the use of PSA screening in practice. Design: A decision model that incorporated a Markov process was developed in 2012 to estimate the net benefit and cost of PSA screening versus no screening as a function of baseline risk. Main outcome measures: Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs. Results: The harms of screening outweighed the benefits under a number of plausible scenarios. Conclusions were sensitive to the estimated quality-of-life impacts of prostate cancer treatment as well as the incidence of cancers not detected by screening tests (poorer prognosis) and those that were detected by screening tests (better prognosis). The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of PSA screening was $168 611 per QALY for men with average risk, $73 452 per QALY for men with two times the average risk, and $22 938 per QALY for men with five times the average risk. Conclusions: PSA screening was not found to be cost-effective for men at an average-to-high risk of prostate cancer, but may be cost-effective for men at very high risk. Inexpensive approaches for identifying men at very high risk are needed, as is further research on the size of clinical benefit of early detection in this population. The potential for the costs of risk assessment to be offset by reduced costs of PSA screening also warrants investigation.