다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Authors/Task Force Members: John J.V. McMurray (Chairperson) (UK)*, Stamatis Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Angelo Auricchio (Switzerland), Michael Böhm (Germany), Kenneth Dickstein (Norway), Volkmar Falk (Switzerland), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Cândida Fonseca (Portugal), Miguel Angel Gomez-Sanchez (Spain), Tiny Jaarsma (Sweden), Lars Køber (Denmark), Gregory Y.H. Lip (UK), Aldo Pietro Maggioni (Italy), Alexander Parkhomenko (Ukraine), Burkert M. Pieske (Austria), Bogdan A. Popescu (Romania), Per K. Rønnevik (Norway), Frans H. Rutten (The Netherlands), Juerg Schwitter (Switzerland), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Janina Stepinska (Poland), Pedro T. Trindade (Switzerland), Adriaan A. Voors (The Netherlands), Faiez Zannad (France), Andreas Zeiher (Germany).

ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis And Treatment of Acute And Chronic Heart Failure 2008

ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 : The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

https://anmco.it/uploads/u_cms/media/2014/12/798e9298d77b7b8c9aa0514e43fe95a2.pdf

ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

March 5, 2019 e1 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA, Chair Paul Muntner, PhD, MHS, FAHA, Vice Chair Alvaro Alonso, MD, PhD, FAHA Marcio S. Bittencourt, MD, PhD, MPH Clifton W. Callaway, MD, FAHA April P. Carson, PhD, MSPH, FAHA Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD Alexander R. Chang, MD, MS Susan Cheng, MD, MMSc, MPH, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, MBA, FAHA Francesca N. Delling, MD, MPH Luc Djousse, MD, ScD, MPH Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS, FAHA Jane F. Ferguson, PhD, FAHA Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD, FAHA Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc Brett M. Kissela, MD, MS Kristen L. Knutson, PhD Tak W. Kwan, MD, FAHA Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Tené T. Lewis, PhD Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Matthew Shane Loop, PhD Pamela L. Lutsey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Andrew E. Moran, MD, MPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Martin O’Flaherty, MD, MSc, PhD Ambarish Pandey, MD, MSCS Amanda M. Perak, MD, MS Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, MS, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH, FAHA Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, MD, MBA, MPH, FAHA Gary M. Satou, MD, FAHA Emily B. Schroeder, MD, PhD, FAHA Svati H. Shah, MD, MHS, FAHA Nicole L. Spartano, PhD Andrew Stokes, PhD David L. Tirschwell, MD, MS, MSc, FAHA Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH, Vice Chair Elect Mintu P. Turakhia, MD, MAS, FAHA Lisa B. VanWagner, MD, MSc, FAST John T. Wilkins, MD, MS, FAHA Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA, Chair Elect On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

ALAT
: alanine aminotransferase
ASAT
: aspartate aminotransferase
APAH
: associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
BAS
: balloon atrial septostomy
BMPR2
: bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2
BNP
: brain natriuretic peptide
BPA
: balloon pulmonary angioplasty
BREATHE
: Bosentan

/pdf/2015-esc-ers-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-y26yabnnom.pdf

2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT).

The relatively new combustion concept known as partially premixed combustion (PPC) has high efficiency and low emissions. However, there are still challenges when it comes to fully understanding and implementing PPC. Thus a predictive combustion tool was used to gain further insight into the combustion process in late cycle mixing. The modeling tool is a stochastic reactor model (SRM) based on probability density functions (PDF). The model requires less computational time than a similar study using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A novel approach with a two-zone SRM was used to capture the behavior of the partially premixed or stratified zones prior to ignition. This study focuses on PPC mixing conditions and the use of an efficient analysis approach. It was done in three steps: a validation of the two-zone SRM against CFD and experimental data, a parametric study using a design of experiment (DOE) approach to late cycle mixing conditions, and analyses of fuel mass distribution with time-resolved probability density functions (TPDF). Results from the investigation show that the two-zone SRM is suitable for prediction of the PPC conditions and is able to run simulations at an average of 25 min/cycle. The findings of the parametric study showed, that a higher mixing intensity is preferable to longer mixing duration before the start of combustion as it decreases pressure rise rate without penalizing combustion efficiency. The TPDF plots offer a good alternative when presenting mixture fraction distributions. However, they may be more suited to smaller amounts of data than are presented in this investigation. (Less)

Gasoline PPC: A parametric study of late cycle mixing conditions using a predictive two-zone SRM modeling tool

Running an internal combustion engine with diluted methane/air mixtures has a potential of reducing emissions and increasing efficiency. However, diluted mixtures need high ignition energy in a sufficiently large volume, which is difficult to accomplish. Increasing the spark duration has shown to be a promising way of delivering more energy into the diluted charge, but this requires a more sophisticated ignition system. This work focuses on evaluating the effects regarding enhancing early flame development, reducing cyclic variations and extending the lean limit using a new capacitive ignition system as compared to a conventional inductive ignition system. The new system offers the opportunity to customise the spark by altering the electric pulse train characteristics choosing the number of pulses, the length of the individual pulses as well as the time delay between them. Several different spark configurations were evaluated for the new capacitive system, including varying spark duration between approximately 0.5-1.2 ms and maximum current levels of 0.2-0.4 A. Results show that longer spark duration and faster initial energy deposition has a positive effect on the lean limit and the combustion stability, while the current level shows little or no effect on these variables. The more advanced capacitive system is capable of delivering more energy and longer spark duration, resulting in reduced cyclic variations and enhanced early flame development. With the longer spark durations of the capacitive system the lean limit was extended from λ = 1.65 to approximately λ = 1.75. (Less)

Reducing the Cycle-Cycle Variability of a Natural Gas Engine Using Controlled Ignition Current

Flow Field Measurements inside a Piston Bowl of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Purpose: Most patients with repaired coarctation of the aorta live normal lives and have good physical performance. However, even after surgical intervention, there are long-term cardiovascular ris ...

Factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in adults with surgically repaired coarctation of the aorta

Stoichiometric operation of Spark Ignited (SI) Heavy Duty Natural Gas (HDNG) engines with a three way catalyst results in very low emissions however they suffer from bad gas-exchange efficiency due to use of throttle which results in high throttling losses Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT) is a good practice to reduce throttling losses in a certain operating region of the engine VTG technology is extensively used in diesel engines; it is very much ignored in gasoline engines however it is possible and advantageous to be used on HDNG engine due to their relatively low exhaust gas temperature Exhaust gas temperatures in HDNG engines are low enough (lower than 760 degree Celsius) and tolerable for VGT material Traditionally HDNG are equipped with a turbocharger with waste-gate but it is easy and simple to replace the by-pass turbocharger with a well-matched VGT By altering the geometry of the turbine housing, the area for exhaust gases can be adjusted and results in the desired torque Because of this the turbo lag is very low and it has a low boost threshold Low boost threshold means that VGT can cover a big operation range of the engine from low engine speeds to high In this operation range the throttle can be fully open and VGT is used instead of the throttle to control the desired torque which results in eliminating the throttling losses This paper presents experimental results which show the feasibility of reducing throttling losses by means of VGT The operating region which is appropriate for controlling the desired torque by VGT instead of throttle is specified The gains in terms of gas exchange efficiency are quantified Furthermore the dynamics of using VGT is quantified and compared with throttle The experiments were performed successfully and the results showed at least 2 unit percent improvement in gas-exchange efficiency A comparable dynamic to throttle is observed (Less)

/pdf/reducing-throttle-losses-using-variable-geometry-turbine-vgt-2vp06mppk5.pdf

Bengt Johansson

Papers

Gasoline PPC: A parametric study of late cycle mixing conditions using a predictive two-zone SRM modeling tool

Reducing the Cycle-Cycle Variability of a Natural Gas Engine Using Controlled Ignition Current

Flow Field Measurements inside a Piston Bowl of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in adults with surgically repaired coarctation of the aorta

Reducing Throttle Losses Using Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT) in a Heavy-Duty Spark-Ignited Natural Gas Engine