다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Authors/Task Force Members: John J.V. McMurray (Chairperson) (UK)*, Stamatis Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Angelo Auricchio (Switzerland), Michael Böhm (Germany), Kenneth Dickstein (Norway), Volkmar Falk (Switzerland), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Cândida Fonseca (Portugal), Miguel Angel Gomez-Sanchez (Spain), Tiny Jaarsma (Sweden), Lars Køber (Denmark), Gregory Y.H. Lip (UK), Aldo Pietro Maggioni (Italy), Alexander Parkhomenko (Ukraine), Burkert M. Pieske (Austria), Bogdan A. Popescu (Romania), Per K. Rønnevik (Norway), Frans H. Rutten (The Netherlands), Juerg Schwitter (Switzerland), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Janina Stepinska (Poland), Pedro T. Trindade (Switzerland), Adriaan A. Voors (The Netherlands), Faiez Zannad (France), Andreas Zeiher (Germany).

ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis And Treatment of Acute And Chronic Heart Failure 2008

ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 : The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

https://anmco.it/uploads/u_cms/media/2014/12/798e9298d77b7b8c9aa0514e43fe95a2.pdf

ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

March 5, 2019 e1 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA, Chair Paul Muntner, PhD, MHS, FAHA, Vice Chair Alvaro Alonso, MD, PhD, FAHA Marcio S. Bittencourt, MD, PhD, MPH Clifton W. Callaway, MD, FAHA April P. Carson, PhD, MSPH, FAHA Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD Alexander R. Chang, MD, MS Susan Cheng, MD, MMSc, MPH, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, MBA, FAHA Francesca N. Delling, MD, MPH Luc Djousse, MD, ScD, MPH Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS, FAHA Jane F. Ferguson, PhD, FAHA Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD, FAHA Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc Brett M. Kissela, MD, MS Kristen L. Knutson, PhD Tak W. Kwan, MD, FAHA Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Tené T. Lewis, PhD Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Matthew Shane Loop, PhD Pamela L. Lutsey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Andrew E. Moran, MD, MPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Martin O’Flaherty, MD, MSc, PhD Ambarish Pandey, MD, MSCS Amanda M. Perak, MD, MS Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, MS, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH, FAHA Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, MD, MBA, MPH, FAHA Gary M. Satou, MD, FAHA Emily B. Schroeder, MD, PhD, FAHA Svati H. Shah, MD, MHS, FAHA Nicole L. Spartano, PhD Andrew Stokes, PhD David L. Tirschwell, MD, MS, MSc, FAHA Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH, Vice Chair Elect Mintu P. Turakhia, MD, MAS, FAHA Lisa B. VanWagner, MD, MSc, FAST John T. Wilkins, MD, MS, FAHA Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA, Chair Elect On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

ALAT
: alanine aminotransferase
ASAT
: aspartate aminotransferase
APAH
: associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
BAS
: balloon atrial septostomy
BMPR2
: bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2
BNP
: brain natriuretic peptide
BPA
: balloon pulmonary angioplasty
BREATHE
: Bosentan

/pdf/2015-esc-ers-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-y26yabnnom.pdf

2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT).

Control of a Turbo Charged NVO HCCI Engine using a Model Based Approach

In the last couple of decades, countries have enacted new laws concerning environmental pollution caused by heavy-duty commercial and passenger vehicles. This is done mainly in an effort to reduce smog and health impacts caused by the different pollutions. One of the legislated pollutions, among a wide range of regulated pollutions, is nitrogen oxides (commonly abbreviated as NOx). The SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) was introduced in the automotive industry to reduce NOx emissions leaving the vehicle. The basic idea is to inject a urea solution (AdBlue™) in the exhaust gas before the gas enters the catalyst. The optimal working temperature for the catalyst is somewhere in the range of 300 to 400 °C. For the reactions to occur without a catalyst, the gas temperature has to be at least 800 °C. These temperatures only occur in the engine cylinder itself, during and after the combustion.In this paper a study is presented where a second injector is installed in a Scania D13 cylinder head for urea injection purposes. Additionally, a crank angle resolved in-cycle NOx formation model is utilized to calculate the urea injection duration for each individual injection event. A gas temperature model based on the cylinder pressure is also used to decide the timing of the urea injection, although always occurring after the combustion and during the expansion stroke. A parameter sweep is conducted to evaluate the concept where also an SCR-catalyst has been introduced to the engine system. The parameter sweep done in the study contains sweeps of engine speed, rail pressure, engine load, EGR levels and timing of the urea injection (by changing the gas temperature limit at which the injection of urea is initiated). The engine tested is a modified single cylinder Scania D13 engine, rebuilt from a six-cylinder engine.The results suggest that it is possible to reduce NOx in-cycle, up to 30% at 4.3 bar and 7.7 bar IMEPnet, and 50% at an IMEPnet load of 11.8 bar, with direct injection of commercial AdBlue. This relates well to the earlier numerical evaluation studies, in the field of direct injection of mixed urea and water solutions. (Less)

An In-Cycle based NOx Reduction Strategy using Direct Injection of AdBlue

The present report presents a conceptual assessment model or framework for policy relevant analysis of low carbon transitions. The aim of the study is not to present specific guidelines for how to design assessments of low carbon transitions, but rather to give food for thought on aspects that should be regarded in the design process. The exact design would then depend on the purpose of the assessment, the scope and priorities set for the assessment, and the resources (personal and financial) available for the assessments.We find that there are at least three elements of an assessment model that are important to provide policy relevant knowledge: i) monitoring, ii) policy evaluation, and iii) domain knowledge building processes, including research. Monitoring is here understood as a process that is intended to inform whether society is on track on meeting set-up political priorities. Policy evaluation concentrates on the effects of low carbon transition policies and effects of other policies. Domain knowledge building through research and other processes is important both for identifying relevant assessment criteria and designing monitoring systems, as well as for policy evaluations. A domain knowledge base can include knowledge of i) drivers and barriers for low carbon transitions, ii) the sustainability of various technologies, policies and practices, iii) previous policy experiences, and iv) contextual knowledge of the market, actors, mitigation technologies and pathways, etc. in various sectors. This information and background knowledge will help inform how policies can be redesigned for overcoming the barriers and enable change in various contexts while safeguarding that the changes are not in conflict with other key societal goals and sustainability aspects. Monitoring can cover direct outcomes such as greenhouse gas emissions or diffusion of low carbon technologies. But with a long-term transitions perspective it is also important to look into the preparedness for change with regard to existence of factors such as visions and expectations, knowledge, feasible policies and policy instruments (taking into account stringency as well as coverage and policy coherence), societal norms, innovation networks, or the readiness of key technologies.Evaluation of policies can in turn cover several aspects beyond policy relevance and effectiveness including synergies and conflicts with other objectives. It could also evaluate the consistency of targets with overarching objectives as well as specific strategies, policy instruments or policy packages. In the conceptual assessment model, policy adjustments are expected to be informed by the monitoring process regarding what is needed and by policy evaluation with regard to what works. Together these processes can inform on how both the stringency and the design of policies could be developed over time. (Less)

Assessing Low Carbon Transitions: A Conceptual Model

The effect of umbrella angle on mixing preparation in a light duty PPC engine: a large eddy simulation study

Background On a group level, patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot have impaired exercise capacity. Since exercise capacity is related to prognosis, and more patients survive into higher age, it is important to know the expected exercise capacity at different ages. Furthermore, factors associated with exercise capacity and the relation between exercise capacity and mortality need further evaluation. Methods The national register of congenital heart disease was searched for exercise tests in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. The results from exercise tests were compared with national reference data. Results 314 patients were identified (median age 33.2 [IQR 24.8–44.7], 40.8% women). The mean percent of predicted workload was 74.8 (±19.6) % without change across ages. In multivariable analysis, NYHA class I (odds ratio [OR]4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.7–10.0) and higher physical activity level (>3 ​h/week) (OR 3.6, 95%CI 1.8–7.3) were positively associated with higher exercise capacity, while ongoing cardiovascular therapy (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.2–0.7) and male sex (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.2–0.6) were negatively associated with higher exercise capacity. Both exercise capacity (HR 0.96, 95%CI 0.93–0.98) and heart rate reserve (HR 0.96, 95%CI 0.94–0.98) were associated with mortality. Conclusions In patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot the exercise capacity was approximately 75% of expected, regardless of age. Patients with better NYHA class and high physical activity level had a higher exercise capacity. Low exercise capacity and low heart rate reserve were associated with higher mortality. Therefore, evaluating exercise capacity as part of follow up is of importance.

Bengt Johansson

Papers

Control of a Turbo Charged NVO HCCI Engine using a Model Based Approach

An In-Cycle based NOx Reduction Strategy using Direct Injection of AdBlue

Assessing Low Carbon Transitions: A Conceptual Model

The effect of umbrella angle on mixing preparation in a light duty PPC engine: a large eddy simulation study

Exercise capacity in adult patients with tetralogy of Fallot