다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

The richness of optical and electronic properties of graphene attracts enormous interest. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, in addition to flexibility, robustness and environmental stability. So far, the main focus has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices. However, we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics, where the combination of its unique optical and electronic properties can be fully exploited, even in the absence of a bandgap, and the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability. The rise of graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is shown by several recent results, ranging from solar cells and light-emitting devices to touch screens, photodetectors and ultrafast lasers. Here we review the state-of-the-art in this emerging field.

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Graphene photonics and optoelectronics

Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria

In a method for manufacturing of thermochromic material, a target increased luminous transmittance level for the thermochromic material is determined (210). The luminous transmittance level is defined within a predetermined wavelength region. Preferably, this predetermined wavelength region at least partly comprises visible light. A concentration level of a first dopant element is determined (212) for generating the luminous transmittance level of the thermochromic material. The first dopant element is capable of forming an oxide having a high bandgap in its electronic structure, and in a specific embodiment is A1 and/or Mg. A VO 2 -based thermochromic material is doped (214) with the determined concentration level of the first dopant element. At least one second dopant may also be employed.

Thermochromic material and fabrication thereof

This paper reviews the state of the art for optical coatings for glazings and gives a view to some developments that will be feasible in the near future. Emphasis is put on coatings for energy efficiency and solar energy applications, and key concepts such as spectral and angular selectivity, large-area chromogenics, and smart windows are introduced and discussed. Recent advances in electrochromic coatings are covered in some depth

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Optical coatings for glazings

This talk addressed the following questions in the public debate at HoTPI: (i) energy dissipation limits of switches, memories and control; (ii) whether reversible computers are possible, or does their concept violate thermodynamics; (iii) Szilard’s engine, Maxwell’s demon and Landauer’s principle: corrections to their exposition in the literature; (iv) whether Landauer’s erasure–dissipation principle is valid, if the same energy dissipation holds for writing information, or if it is invalid; and (v) whether (non-secure) erasure of memories, or the writing of the same amount of information, dissipates most heat.

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Demons: maxwell's demon, szilard's engine and landauer's erasure-dissipation

In this talk, we are briefly surveying our recent results [1–3] about two very popular yet often misunderstood concepts in physical informatics: (i) The existence of Johnson noise at near to absolute zero temperature has been debated many times yet it is generally accepted [1]. We point out the fundamental problems [2] with the particular approach the related quantum theories [4] of Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem are using. Then we prove that the existence of zero-point noise would allow the construction of a perpetual motion machine [1]. Finally, we cite early works pointing out that the observed “zeropoint” noise in experiments [7] with phase-sensitive linear amplifiers is an amplifier-noise [5,6] due to the uncertainty principle, and it does not exist in the resistor in an objective way, independently from the measurement [1,2]. Thus a correct derivation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem must include [1] the type of experimental setup used for the measurement. (ii) The general opinion is that information entropy and thermal entropy are interchangeable. This belief triggered Brillouin's negentropy principle of information [8], and Landauer's claimed principle [9] about energy dissipation during information erasure that has been debated on many occasions [10–19]. Here we show the newest and perhaps the simplest arguments [3] proving that the two types of entropies are apples and oranges and are not interchangeable.

Claes-Göran Granqvist

Papers

Thermochromic material and fabrication thereof

Optical coatings for glazings

Demons: maxwell's demon, szilard's engine and landauer's erasure-dissipation

Facts and myths about zero-point thermal noise, and information entropy versus thermal entropy

Coolness: High-Albedo Surfaces and Sky Cooling Devices