There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/685594/file/1130605.pdf

Review of Particle Physics

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has developed rapidly since its first realisation in medicine and is currently an emerging technology in the diagnosis of skin disease. OCT is an interferometric technique that detects reflected and backscattered light from tissue and is often described as the optical analogue to ultrasound. The inherent safety of the technology allows for in vivo use of OCT in patients. The main strength of OCT is the depth resolution. In dermatology, most OCT research has turned on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and non-invasive monitoring of morphological changes in a number of skin diseases based on pattern recognition, and studies have found good agreement between OCT images and histopathological architecture. OCT has shown high accuracy in distinguishing lesions from normal skin, which is of great importance in identifying tumour borders or residual neoplastic tissue after therapy. The OCT images provide an advantageous combination of resolution and penetration depth, but specific studies of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in dermatology are sparse. In order to improve OCT image quality and expand the potential of OCT, technical developments are necessary. It is suggested that the technology will be of particular interest to the routine follow-up of patients undergoing non-invasive therapy of malignant or premalignant keratinocyte tumours. It is speculated that the continued technological development can propel the method to a greater level of dermatological use.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-3-319-06419-2%2F1.pdf

Optical Coherence Tomography

Structural Equations with Latent Variables.

Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and clinical outcomes following a year of benralizumab therapy for severe eosinophilic asthma.

We report on the operation and performance of a matrix array topology for multiplexing reflective interferometric sensors that uses (a) frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) and (b) a combination of frequency-division and time-division multiplexing. The use of reflective sensors in this FDM topology illuminated by a cw source imposes a power limitation not encountered with the use of transmissive sensors. Combining FDM with time-division multiplexing improves the multiplexing gain of the network and improves the level of isolation of the lasers from the signal of the reflective sensors.

Multiplexing of Michelson interferometer sensors in a matrix array topology

A fibre-optic system based upon fibre Fabry-Perot strain sensors, capable of measuring deformations and modes of vibration of a composite panel, is presented. Wavelength-division signal demultiplexing allows for the simultaneous interrogation of the strain sensors.

High-resolution vibration measurements using wavelength-demultiplexed fibre Fabry-Perot sensors

A detailed design study is presented as a guide in the design of fiber-optic-based Fabry-Perot type interferometric sensors using low-coherence signal recovery. Several configurations using Michelson and Fabry-Perot type interferometers as the local receiving interferometer for transmissive and reflective type Fabry-Perot sensing interferometers have been investigated. Optimum design parameters are recommended for the use of the different configurations.

Design study of fiber-optic based Fabry-Perot type interferometric sensors using low-coherence signal recovery

We present an implementation of a multichannel digital correlator based on passive optical fiber delay lines capable of achieving higher real-time bandwidths than current-generation, purely electronic instruments. Theoretical limits are shown to be in the 10(3) channels and tens of gigahertz range. Digital correlation is demonstrated with instruments based on laser diodes and optoelectronic single-bit AND multipliers consisting of eight channels at a 100-MHz sample rate and four channels at 500 MHz. Low-cost optoelectronics operating at 800 nm are shown likely to be suitable for up to 1-GHz sample rates. Applications for which high bandwidth correlation is necessary or advantageous are considered, and future, more compact, and all-optical architectures are suggested.

David A. Jackson

Papers

Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and clinical outcomes following a year of benralizumab therapy for severe eosinophilic asthma.

Multiplexing of Michelson interferometer sensors in a matrix array topology

High-resolution vibration measurements using wavelength-demultiplexed fibre Fabry-Perot sensors

Design study of fiber-optic based Fabry-Perot type interferometric sensors using low-coherence signal recovery

High bandwidth, optical fiber delay line multichannel digital correlator.