Showing papers by "Gaurav Sharma published in 2017"

Multiple Wearable Sensors in Parkinson and Huntington Disease Individuals: A Pilot Study in Clinic and at Home

Abstract: Background: Clinician rating scales and patient-reported outcomes are the principal means of assessing motor symptoms in Parkinson disease and Huntington disease.

HazeRD: An outdoor scene dataset and benchmark for single image dehazing

Abstract: In this paper, a new dataset, HazeRD, is proposed for benchmarking dehazing algorithms under more realistic haze conditions. HazeRD contains fifteen real outdoor scenes, for each of which five different weather conditions are simulated. As opposed to prior datasets that made use of synthetically generated images or indoor images with unrealistic parameters for haze simulation, our outdoor dataset allows for more realistic simulation of haze with parameters that are physically realistic and justified by scattering theory. All images are of high resolution, typically six to eight megapixels. We test the performance of several state-of-the-art dehazing techniques on HazeRD. The results exhibit a significant difference among algorithms across the different datasets, reiterating the need for more realistic datasets such as ours and for more careful benchmarking of the methods.

Facile hetero-assembly of superparamagnetic Fe3O4/BiVO4 stacked on biochar for solar photo-degradation of methyl paraben and pesticide removal from soil

Abstract: Herein we report synthesis of nano-hetero assembly of superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 and bismuth vanadate stacked on Pinus roxburghii derived biochar. Optical studies and band structure analysis indicate the hybridization between the two semiconductors facilitating photodegradation of pollutants in presence of natural sunlight. The nano-heterojunctions have been utilized for removal of emerging micro-pollutants as methylparaben (MeP). 97.4% of MeP degradation was achieved in presence of biochar/Fe 3 O 4 /BiVO 4 in 2 h. A degradation pathway has also been proposed on basis of mass spectrometry, chemical oxygen demand analysis and effects of various scavengers. Pinus derived biochar has also been utilized to see its long term effect on soil characteristics and fertility. The biochar has also been used to remove excessive pesticide from soil for lesser bioavailability.

TurboFold II: RNA structural alignment and secondary structure prediction informed by multiple homologs

Abstract: This paper presents TurboFold II, an extension of the TurboFold algorithm for predicting secondary structures for multiple RNA homologs. TurboFold II augments the structure prediction capabilities of TurboFold by additionally providing multiple sequence alignments. Probabilities for alignment of nucleotide positions between all pairs of input sequences are iteratively estimated in TurboFold II by incorporating information from both the sequence identity and secondary structures. A multiple sequence alignment is obtained from these probabilities by using a probabilistic consistency transformation and a hierarchically computed guide tree. To assess TurboFold II, its sequence alignment and structure predictions were compared with leading tools, including methods that focus on alignment alone and methods that provide both alignment and structure prediction. TurboFold II has comparable alignment accuracy with MAFFT and higher accuracy than other tools. TurboFold II also has comparable structure prediction accuracy as the original TurboFold algorithm, which is one of the most accurate methods. TurboFold II is part of the RNAstructure software package, which is freely available for download at http://rna.urmc.rochester.edu under a GPL license.

Color fundamentals for digital imaging

Abstract: This chapter highlights some of the fundamentals of color science, colorimetry, color technology, and color systems. It presents a progressive introduction of principles from a logical rather than historical perspective. The chapter summarizes the understanding in the areas with particular emphasis on the aspects that are of interest in color imaging applications. It provides an overview of color recording and reproduction devices, their underlying physical principles, and color characteristics. The chapter describes the concepts of device-independent color and color management. It explains a system for specifying color in terms of tristimulus values that can be used to represent colors unambiguously in a three-dimensional space. The chapter discusses the fundamentals of color science and technology as applied to color digital imaging. It attempts to provide a systems view of color imaging systems, where the interactions between image capture devices, image and color processing operations, image display and printing systems, inherent characteristics of natural and man-made images, and the human observer.

Microwave assisted fabrication of La/Cu/Zr/carbon dots trimetallic nanocomposites with their adsorptional vs photocatalytic efficiency for remediation of persistent organic pollutants

Abstract: Herein we report a greener microwave method for fabrication of La/Cu/Zr/carbon quantum dots trimetallic nanocomposites(La/Cu/Zr/CQDs TNCs). The structural aspects and chemical nature of the TNCs were considered using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical band property of the trimetallic nanocomposites was examined using UV–vis spectroscopy. The adsorptional versus photocatalytic activity of the La/Cu/Zr/CQDs TNCs was investigated for the removal of a persistent organic pollutant i.e., malachite green dye and ampicillin antibiotic, under visible light irradiation. Overall, the current approach relates to green chemistry principles for fabrication La/Cu/Zr/CQDs trimetallic nanocomposites which hold promise for the development of surprisingly proficient adsorptional-photocatalytic systems. It has been observed that 96% ampicillin antibiotic and 86% of malachite green were degraded in 4 h of photoirridation under adsorption in dark followed by photocatalysis and coupled adsorptional/photocatalysis process.

Solar-driven photodegradation of 17-β-estradiol and ciprofloxacin from waste water and CO2 conversion using sustainable coal-char/polymeric-g-C3N4/RGO metal-free nano-hybrids

Abstract: Herein, we report the synthesis of a metal-free coal-char supported polymeric g-C3N4/RGO (RPC) nano-photocatalyst for the efficient solar powered degradation of the noxious emerging pollutants ciprofloxacin (CIF) & β-estradiol (ESD) and conversion of CO2 into CH4, CO & O2. RPC shows good photocatalytic and adsorption activity owing to its high surface area and reduced charge recombination rate. The photodegradation results of the treated water sample were investigated in terms of reaction kinetics, active species trapping experiments, high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis. The higher solar photoactivity is attributed to the higher surface area, higher visible absorption, charge transfer, and reduced recombination. The superoxide radical anions were found to be the major active species in photodegradation, which is also supported by the band structure analysis. The catalytic activity is highly enhanced by the addition of H2O2, O2 and O3 as they facilitate the formation of radicals. The possible degradation pathways for the degradation of CIF and ESD have been proposed. This work shows promising solar-active metal-free photocatalysts for efficient environmental remediation and CO2 conversion to fuels.

Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Abstract: textBackground Reoperation rates are high after surgery for hip fractures We investigated the effect of a sliding hip screw versus cancellous screws on the risk of reoperation and other key outcomes Methods For this international, multicentre, allocation concealed randomised controlled trial, we enrolled patients aged 50 years or older with a low-energy hip fracture requiring fracture fixation from 81 clinical centres in eight countries Patients were assigned by minimisation with a centralised computer system to receive a single large-diameter screw with a side-plate (sliding hip screw) or the present standard of care, multiple small-diameter cancellous screws Surgeons and patients were not blinded but the data analyst, while doing the analyses, remained blinded to treatment groups The primary outcome was hip reoperation within 24 months after initial surgery to promote fracture healing, relieve pain, treat infection, or improve function Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle This study was registered with ClinicalTrialsgov, number NCT00761813 Findings Between March 3, 2008, and March 31, 2014, we randomly assigned 1108 patients to receive a sliding hip screw (n=557) or cancellous screws (n=551) Reoperations within 24 months did not differ by type of surgical fixation in those included in the primary analysis: 107 (20%) of 542 patients in the sliding hip screw group versus 117 (22%) of 537 patients in the cancellous screws group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·83, 95% CI 0·63–1·09; p=0·18) Avascular necrosis was more common in the sliding hip screw group than in the cancellous screws group (50 patients [9%] vs 28 patients [5%]; HR 1·91, 1·06–3·44; p=0·0319) However, no significant difference was found between the number of medically related adverse events between groups (p=0·82; appendix); these events included pulmonary embolism (two patients [<1%] vs four [1%] patients; p=0·41) and sepsis (seven [1%] vs six [1%]; p=0·79) Interpretation In terms of reoperation rates the sliding hip screw shows no advantage, but some groups of patients (smokers and those with displaced or base of neck fractures) might do better with a sliding hip screw than with cancellous screws Funding National Institutes of Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Stichting NutsOhra, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Physicians' Services Incorporated

Fabrication and characterization of a nanocomposite hydrogel for combined photocatalytic degradation of a mixture of malachite green and fast green dye

Abstract: In this study, starch/poly(alginic acid-cl-acrylamide)/Fe/Zn nanocomposite hydrogel (ST/PL(AA-cl-AAm)/Fe/Zn NCHG) was synthesized by polymerization/co-precipitation method. This nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared with the notion to remove the mixture of organic pollutants from the water system. Mixture of malachite green and fast green dye was used to check the photocatalytic degradation ability of the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel. ST/PL(AA-cl-AAm)/Fe/Zn NCHG was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. The degradation of the two dyes followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results showed that by using the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel, 91% of malachite green and 82% of fast green dye, respectively, were degraded within 5 h of their contact.

Hybrid Solar-Wind Energy Harvesting for Embedded Applications: Supercapacitor-Based System Architectures and Design Tradeoffs

Abstract: To enable off-grid deployments of autonomous systems for extended operational durations, robust energy harvesting in the medium power range (1-10 W) is essential. Supercapacitor-based solar energy harvesters have emerged as a popular alternative due to their long lifetime under repeated charge-discharge cycles, low maintenance, environmental friendliness, and energy predictability and scalability. Despite their advantages, such systems are not well matched with applications that require power continuously over their operational lifetime because solar power is unavailable during nights and severely reduced on cloudy days. For such applications, it is beneficial to combine solar power with another power source-such as wind-that exhibits complementary availability. In this paper, we present multiple solar/wind (hybrid) supercapacitor-based harvesters, leveraging existing open-source solar-only harvester designs. Our designs center around three main categories that i) add wind harvesting capability to create a wind-only harvesting system, ii) use multiple harvesters for utilizing hybrid sources of power and for providing fault tolerance, or iii) use a single harvester in a time multiplexed configuration to simultaneously harvest from multiple power sources. We provide extensive experimental results to document the functionality and operational performance of a representative set of these designs.

Quality of routine essential care during childbirth: clinical observations of uncomplicated births in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract: To evaluate the quality of essential care during normal labour and childbirth in maternity facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India. Between 26 May and 8 July 2015, we used clinical observations to assess care provision for 275 mother-neonate pairs at 26 hospitals. Data on 42 items of care were collected, summarized into 17 clinical practices and three aggregate scores and then weighted to obtain population-based estimates. We examined unadjusted differences in quality between the public and private facilities. Multilevel linear mixed-effects models were used to adjust for birth attendant, facility and maternal characteristics. The quality of care we observed was generally poor in both private and public facilities; the mean percentage of essential clinical care practices completed for each woman was 35.7%. Weighted estimates indicate that unqualified personnel provided care for 73.0% and 27.0% of the mother-neonate pairs in public and private facilities, respectively. Obstetric, neonatal and overall care at birth appeared better in the private facilities than in the public ones. In the adjusted analysis, the score for overall quality of care in private facilities was found to be six percentage points higher than the corresponding score for public facilities. In 2015, the personnel providing labour and childbirth care in maternity facilities were often unqualified and adherence to care protocols was generally poor. Initiatives to measure and improve the quality of care during labour and childbirth need to be developed in the private and public facilities in Uttar Pradesh. Evaluer la qualite des soins essentiels dispenses lors des accouchements et des naissances sans complications, dans des centres de maternite de l'Uttar Pradesh, en Inde. Entre le 26 mai et le 8 juillet 2015, nous avons realise des observations cliniques pour evaluer les soins dispenses a 275 paires mere/nouveau-ne, dans 26 hopitaux. Des donnees portant sur 42 soins ont ete compilees et synthetisees dans 17 categories de pratiques cliniques et trois scores globaux, puis ponderees pour obtenir des estimations en population. Nous avons examine les differences de qualite, avant ajustement, entre les etablissements publics et prives. Des modeles lineaires multiniveaux a effets mixtes ont ete utilises afin d'ajuster les donnees pour tenir compte des caracteristiques des accoucheurs, des centres de maternite et des meres. La qualite des soins que nous avons observes a generalement ete mediocre, autant dans le public que dans le prive; le pourcentage moyen de realisation des soins cliniques essentiels pour chaque femme etant de 35,7%. Les estimations ponderees indiquent que les soins ont ete dispenses par du personnel non qualifie dans 73,0% des cas dans les centres publics et dans 27,0% des cas dans les centres prives. Les soins obstetricaux, neonataux et les soins d'ordre general dispenses a la naissance ont semble de meilleure qualite dans les centres prives que dans les centres publics. Dans notre analyse apres ajustement, le score pour la qualite generale des soins dispenses a ete superieur de six points de pourcentage dans les centres prives par rapport aux centres publics. En 2015, dans les centres de maternite, les soins dispenses lors des accouchements et des naissances ont ete realises par un personnel souvent non qualifie, et le respect des protocoles de soins s'est generalement avere mediocre. Des initiatives pour mesurer et ameliorer la qualite des soins dispenses lors des accouchements et des naissances doivent etre developpees dans les centres publics et prives de l'Uttar Pradesh. Evaluar la calidad de la atencion esencial durante partos y nacimientos normales en maternidades de Uttar Pradesh, India. Entre el 26 de mayo y el 8 de julio de 2015, se utilizaron observaciones clinicas para evaluar la prestacion de asistencia a 275 pares madre-neonato en 26 hospitales. Se recopilo informacion sobre 42 elementos de la atencion, resumidos en 17 practicas clinicas y tres puntuaciones genericas, y se ponderaron para obtener estimaciones basadas en la poblacion. Se examinaron las diferencias no ajustadas de la atencion entre los centros publicos y los privados. Se utilizaron modelos lineales de efectos mixtos en varios niveles para ajustar las caracteristicas de los asistentes de parto, los centros y las madres. En general, la calidad de la atencion observada fue pobre, tanto en los centros publicos como en los privados. El porcentaje medio de las practicas de atencion clinica esencial completadas para cada mujer fue del 35,7%. Las estimaciones ponderadas indican que la atencion fue proporcionada por personal no cualificado para el 73,0% y el 27,0% de los pares madre-neonato en centros publicos y privados respectivamente. La atencion obstetrica, la atencion neonatal y la atencion general tras el nacimiento parecieron ser mejor en centros privados que en publicos. En el analisis ajustado, la puntuacion para la calidad general de la atencion en los centros privados resulto estar seis puntos porcentuales por encima de la puntuacion correspondiente a los centros publicos. En 2015, el personal que proporcionaba atencion de parto y nacimiento en maternidades solia carecer de cualificacion, y su adherencia a los protocolos de atencion era, en general, escasa. Las iniciativas para medir y mejorar la calidad de la atencion durante el parto y el nacimiento necesitan desarrollarse en los centros publicos y privados de Uttar Pradesh. تقييم جودة الرعاية الضرورية المقدمة أثناء المخاض العادي والولادة في مراكز الأمومة في ولاية أوتار براديش بالهند. في الفترة ما بين 26 مايو/أيار، و8 يوليو/تموز 2015، استخدمنا الملاحظات السريرية لتقييم توفير الرعاية لعدد 275 أما وأطفالهن في 26 مستشفى. تم جمع البيانات الخاصة بـ 42 عنصرا من عناصر الرعاية، وتلخيصها في 17 ممارسة سريرية وثلاث نتائج مجمعة ثم ترجيحها للحصول على تقديرات تعتمد على الشرائح السكانية. وقمنا بفحص الاختلافات غير المعدلة في مستوى الجودة ما بين المرافق العامة والخاصة. كما تم استخدام نماذج خطية متعددة المستويات ذات تأثيرات مختلطة لتعديل خصائص المولدة والمرافق الصحية والأمهات. كانت جودة الرعاية التي لاحظناها سيئة بوجه عام في المرافق العامة والخاصة على حد سواء؛ حيث بلغت النسبة المئوية لممارسات الرعاية السريرية الضرورية المقدمة لكل امرأة 35.7‏%. وتشير التقديرات الموزونة إلى أن نسبة العاملين غير المؤهلين من مقدمي الرعاية بلغت 73.0‏% و27.0‏% للأم وطفلها في المرافق العامة والخاصة على التوالي. وظهرت رعاية أمراض النساء والولادة ، ورعاية المواليد نسبة وإجمالي الرعاية عند الولادة بشكل أفضل في المرافق الخاصة عن مثيلاتها العامة. في التحليل المعدل، وجد أن النتيجة الإجمالية للرعاية المقدمة في المرافق الصحية أعلى بست درجات مئوية من الدرجة المماثلة الخاصة بالمرافق العامة. في 2015، كان أغلب العاملين من مقدمي رعاية المخاض والولادة في مرافق الأمومة غير مؤهلين وكان الالتزام ببروتوكولات الرعاية ضعيفا بوجه عام. ويلزم طرح مبادرات لقياس الجودة المقدمة أثناء المخاض والولادة في المرافق الخاصة والعامة بولاية أوتار براديش. 旨在评估印度北方邦地区妇产机构的顺产及正常分娩期基本护理质量。. 2015 年 5 月 26 日至 7 月 8 日，我们采用临床观察法对为 26 家医院的 275 对母婴提供的护理进行了评估。期间采集了 42 项护理数据、总结出 17 项临床实践和三项综合得分，然后加权计算出基于人口的估计值。我们审查了公立和私立机构之间护理质量的未调整差异。然后采用多级线性混合效应模型来根据接生员、机构以及产妇特征进行调整。. 我们观察到的私立和公立机构的护理质量均普遍较差；每位产妇完成基础临床护理的平均比例为 35.7%。加权估计值表明，公立和私立机构由不具备资格的人员提供护理的母婴对比例分别为 73.0% 和 27.0%；私立机构提供的产妇、新生儿 以及整体分娩护理 优于公立机构。在调整后分析中，私立机构整体护理质量得分比公立机构对应得分高出六个百分点 。. 2015 年，妇产机构提供生产和分娩护理的人员经常不具备资格，并且在遵守护理规程方面表现整体较差。北方邦地区的私立和公立机构需要制定相应措施以衡量和提升生产及分娩期护理质量。. Оценить качество оказания основной медицинской помощи при нормальных родах в родовспомогательных учреждениях штата Уттар-Прадеш, Индия. Для оценки оказания медицинской помощи авторы использовали клинические наблюдения 275 пар «мать-новорожденный», проведенные в период с 26 мая по 8 июля 2015 года в 26 больницах. Были собраны данные о качестве оказания медицинской помощи по 42 пунктам, которые были обобщены и представлены в виде 17 клинических практик и трех суммарных оценок, а затем взвешены для получения оценок на основе популяции. Авторы исследовали нескорректированные различия в качестве между государственными и частными медицинскими учреждениями. Для учета характеристик акушеров, медицинских учреждений и матерей были использованы многоуровневые линейные модели смешанных эффектов. Наблюдаемое качество оказания медицинской помощи в целом было низким как в частных, так и в государственных медицинских учреждениях; средняя доля основных клинических процедур, выполненных для каждой женщины, составила 35,7%. Взвешенные оценки показывают, что медицинскую помощь оказывал неквалифицированный персонал для 73,0 и 27,0% пар «мать-новорожденный» в государственных и частных учреждениях соответственно. Было обнаружено, что качество акушерской, неонатальной и общей медицинской помощи при родовспоможении было выше в частных медицинских учреждениях, чем в государственных. В скорректированном анализе оценка общего качества оказания медицинской помощи в частных учреждениях была на шесть процентных пунктов выше, чем соответствующая оценка для государственных учреждений. В 2015 году персонал, оказывающий медицинские услуги при родах в родовспомогательных учреждениях, часто был неквалифицированным и соблюдение протоколов по медицинскому уходу было, как правило, неудовлетворительным. В частных и государственных учреждениях в штате Уттар-Прадеш требуется разработка инициатив по измерению и повышению качества оказания медицинской помощи во время родов.

Anticancer Curcumin: Natural Analogues and Structure-Activity Relationship

Abstract: Cancers have been found to be the leading causes of death worldwide, with 8.2 million people dying in 2012 and approximately 14 million new cases reported. These cases are estimated to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decades. More than 60% of the world's new annual cancer cases occur in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. The analysis, literature survey, and observed reports have indicated cancer is responsible for 70% of all deaths. In men, the 5 most common sites of cancer diagnosed in 2012 were lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer while in women breast, colorectal, lung, cervix, and stomach cancer were more prevalent. Modern science is devoting resources to and acquiring knowledge of different types of cancer through high throughput advanced technology and by revisiting the hidden treasure of traditional medicine. In Asia, Zingiberaceous plants have been used since ancient times as spices and medicines in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. Among the Zingiberaceae family, the genus Curcuma, with more than 30 species, has raised hopes for use in cancer therapy. The genus is predominantly found in Asia, and several species, particularly C. longa, C. aromatica, and C. xanthorrhiza, have been extensively used to treat ailments including indigestion, hepatitis, jaundice, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and bacterial infections. Curcuminoids, the principal bioactive component of Curcuma species, share a common unsaturated alkyl-linked two phenyl structural feature. Curcumin [diferuloylmethane, 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione], a broad-spectrum anticancer polyphenolic derivative extracted from the rhizome of C. longa L., is a nontoxic compound and has been classified as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the National Cancer Institute. Several studies in literature survey revealed anticancer properties of curcumin against prostate cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal carcinoma, leukemia, and human breast cancer cells. However, the clinical use of curcumin has been hampered by its poor solubility, absorption, bioavailability, and rapid metabolism. To overcome these limitations, various synthetic bioactive curcumin analogs were developed based on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. This chapter highlights the research-based importance of curcumin and its analogues. Based on the available data, the chapter summarizes the potential and future of curcumin in anticancer therapy.

Deficiency in DNA damage response, a new characteristic of cells infected with latent HIV-1

Abstract: Viruses can interact with host cell molecules responsible for the recognition and repair of DNA lesions, resulting in dysfunctional DNA damage response (DDR). Cells with inefficient DDR are more vulnerable to therapeutic approaches that target DDR, thereby raising DNA damage to a threshold that triggers apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that 2 Jurkat-derived cell lines with incorporated silent HIV-1 provirus show increases in DDR signaling that responds to formation of double strand DNA breaks (DSBs). We found that phosphorylation of histone H2AX on Ser139 (gamma-H2AX), a biomarker of DSBs, and phosphorylation of ATM at Ser1981, Chk2 at Thr68, and p53 at Ser15, part of signaling pathways associated with DSBs, are elevated in these cells. These results indicate a DDR defect even though the virus is latent. DDR-inducing agents, specifically high doses of nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs), caused greater increases in gamma-H2AX levels in latently infected cells. Additionally, latently infected cells are...

Potentially high-risk cardiac arrhythmias with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures are associated with the duration of periictal hypoxemia.

Abstract: SummaryObjective To investigate potentially high-risk cardiac arrhythmias (PHAs) following focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCSs) and generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCSs) and to study the association of PHAs with seizure characteristics and the severity of associated ictal respiratory dysfunction. Methods Electrocardiographic (EKG) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) data were recorded concurrently with video-electroencephalographic telemetry in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). One minute of preictal EKG, the ictal EKG, and 2 min of ictal/postictal data were reviewed for each seizure. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, bradyarrhythmia, and/or sinus pauses were considered as PHAs. FBTCSs/GTCSs with PHAs were compared to those that had only ictal sinus tachycardia. Results Data from 69 patients with 182 FBTCSs/GTCSs with usable SpO2 and EKG recordings were available. There were 10 FBTCSs/GTCSs in 10 patients with a PHA. The presence of PHAs was not associated with seizure duration or SpO2 nadir. FBTCSs/GTCSs with a PHA were significantly associated with the duration of oxygen desaturation < 90% when compared with FBTCSs/GTCSs with only sinus tachycardia (Mann–Whitney, p = 0.042). Desaturation duration of <100 s was not significantly associated with occurrence of PHAs (p = 0.110) when compared with seizures that had only sinus tachycardia. The odds ratio for occurrence of PHA was 7.86 for desaturation durations ≥ 125 s versus desaturations < 125 s (p = 0.005). The odds ratio increased to 13.09 for desaturation durations ≥ 150 s (p < 0.001). Preictal and ictal/postictal arrhythmias occurred with focal seizures that did not progress to FBTCSs. Four patients with focal seizures had ictal/postictal PHAs without preictal PHAs. Two of these patients had evidence for prior cardiac disturbance. Significance PHAs following a single FBTCS/GTCS in the EMU are significantly associated with the duration of ictal/postictal hypoxemia. It is possible that FBTCS/GTCS-associated hypoxemia may trigger fatal cardiac arrhythmias in a subset of susceptible patients dying of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

See and listen: Score-informed association of sound tracks to players in chamber music performance videos

Abstract: Both audio and visual aspects of a musical performance, especially their association, are important for expressing players' ideas and for engaging the audience. In this paper, we present a framework for combining audio and video analyses of multi-instrument chamber music performances to associate players in the video to the individual separated instrument sources from the audio, in a score-informed fashion. The instrument sources are first separated using a score-informed source separation techniques. The individual sources are then associated with different players in the video by correlating the onset instants of their aligned score tracks with the players' motion detected using optical flow. Experiments on 19 musical pieces with varying polyphony show that the proposed method obtains the correct association for 17 pieces, and an accuracy of 89.2% of the association of all individual tracks. The approach enables novel music enjoyment experiences by allowing users to target an audio source by clicking on the player in the video to separate/enhance it.