Showing papers by "Herbert Walther published in 2004"
TL;DR: A single-photon source based on a strongly localized single ion in an optical cavity that is optimally coupled to a well-defined field mode, resulting in the generation of single-Photon pulses with precisely defined shape and timing is demonstrated.
Abstract: The controlled production of single photons is of fundamental and practical interest; they represent the lowest excited quantum states of the radiation field, and have applications in quantum cryptography and quantum information processing. Common approaches use the fluorescence of single ions, single molecules, colour centres and semiconductor quantum dots. However, the lack of control over such irreversible emission processes precludes the use of these sources in applications (such as quantum networks) that require coherent exchange of quantum states between atoms and photons. The necessary control may be achieved in principle in cavity quantum electrodynamics. Although this approach has been used for the production of single photons from atoms, such experiments are compromised by limited trapping times, fluctuating atomfield coupling and multi-atom effects. Here we demonstrate a single-photon source based on a strongly localized single ion in an optical cavity. The ion is optimally coupled to a well-defined field mode, resulting in the generation of single-photon pulses with precisely defined shape and timing. We have confirmed the suppression of two-photon events up to the limit imposed by fluctuations in the rate of detector dark counts. The stream of emitted photons is uninterrupted over the storage time of the ion, as demonstrated by a measurement of photon correlations over 90 min.
559 citations
21 Jan 2004-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: For 17 days in August and September 2002, the LIGO and GEO interferometer gravitational wave detectors were operated in coincidence to produce their first data for scientific analysis.
Abstract: For 17 days in August and September 2002, the LIGO and GEO interferometer gravitational wave detectors were operated in coincidence to produce their first data for scientific analysis. Although the detectors were still far from their design sensitivity levels, the data can be used to place better upper limits on the flux of gravitational waves incident on the earth than previous direct measurements. This paper describes the instruments and the data in some detail, as a companion to analysis papers based on the first data.
268 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model emission mechanism is used to interpret the limits as a constraint on the pulsar's equatorial ellipticity, and two independent analysis methods are used and are demonstrated in two independent methods: a frequency domain method and a time domain method.
Abstract: Data collected by the GEO 600 and LIGO interferometric gravitational wave detectors during their first observational science run were searched for continuous gravitational waves from the pulsar J1939+2134 at twice its rotation frequency. Two independent analysis methods were used and are demonstrated in this paper: a frequency domain method and a time domain method. Both achieve consistent null results, placing new upper limits on the strength of the pulsar’s gravitational wave emission. A model emission mechanism is used to interpret the limits as a constraint on the pulsar’s equatorial ellipticity.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ion momentum distributions from non-sequential double ionization in phase-stabilized few-cycle laser pulses were analyzed and it was shown that the influence of the optical phase enters via cycle dependent electric field ionization rate, electron recollision time, and accessible phase space for inelastic collisions.
Abstract: We report differential measurements of ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{r}}^{++}$ ion momentum distributions from nonsequential double ionization in phase-stabilized few-cycle laser pulses. The distributions depend strongly on the carrier-envelope (CE) phase. Via control over the CE phase one is able to direct the nonsequential double-ionization dynamics. Data analysis through a classical model calculation reveals that the influence of the optical phase enters via (i) the cycle dependent electric field ionization rate, (ii) the electron recollision time, and (iii) the accessible phase space for inelastic collisions. Our model indicates that the combination of these effects allows a look into single cycle dynamics already for few-cycle pulses.
129 citations
TL;DR: The carrier-envelope phase is shown to undergo a smooth variation over a few Rayleigh distances, of critical importance for any application of ultrashort laser pulses, including high-harmonic and attosecond pulse generation, as well as phase-dependent effects.
Abstract: We measured for the first time the influence of the Gouy effect on focused few-cycle laser pulses. The carrier-envelope phase is shown to undergo a smooth variation over a few Rayleigh distances. This result is of critical importance for any application of ultrashort laser pulses, including high-harmonic and attosecond pulse generation, as well as phase-dependent effects.
115 citations
TL;DR: Optical vortices are experimentally generated in the output beam of a 20-fs Ti:sapphire laser by aligning a computer-generated hologram in a dispersionless 4f setup by imposing Screw phase dislocations.
Abstract: We experimentally generate optical vortices in the output beam of a 20-fs Ti:sapphire laser. Screw phase dislocations are imposed on the spectral components of the short pulses by aligning a computer-generated hologram in a dispersionless 4f setup.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors was reported. But their search focused on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz.
Abstract: We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. Our search focuses on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz. We bound the rate for such detected bursts at less than 1.6 events per day at a 90% confidence level. This result is interpreted in terms of the detection efficiency for ad hoc waveforms (Gaussians and sine Gaussians) as a function of their root-sum-square strain hrss; typical sensitivities lie in the range hrss∼10-19–10-17strain/√Hz, depending on the waveform. We discuss improvements in the search method that will be applied to future science data from LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the analysis of between 50 and 100 h of coincident interferometric strain data used to search for and establish an upper limit on a stochastic background of gravitational radiation.
Abstract: We present the analysis of between 50 and 100 h of coincident interferometric strain data used to search for and establish an upper limit on a stochastic background of gravitational radiation. These data come from the first LIGO science run, during which all three LIGO interferometers were operated over a 2-week period spanning August and September of 2002. The method of cross correlating the outputs of two interferometers is used for analysis. We describe in detail practical signal processing issues that arise when working with real data, and we establish an observational upper limit on a f^-3 power spectrum of gravitational waves. Our 90% confidence limit is Ω0h100(^2)<~23±4.6 in the frequency band 40–314 Hz, where h100 is the Hubble constant in units of 100 km/sec/Mpc and Ω0 is the gravitational wave energy density per logarithmic frequency interval in units of the closure density. This limit is approximately 104 times better than the previous, broadband direct limit using interferometric detectors, and nearly 3 times better than the best narrow-band bar detector limit. As LIGO and other worldwide detectors improve in sensitivity and attain their design goals, the analysis procedures described here should lead to stochastic background sensitivity levels of astrophysical interest.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single calcium ion coupled with a high-finesse cavity is presented as an almost ideal system for the controlled generation of single photons, where photons from a pump beam are Raman-scattered by the ion into the cavity mode, which subsequently emits the photon into a well-defined output channel.
Abstract: We present a single calcium ion, coupled to a high-finesse cavity, as an almost ideal system for the controlled generation of single photons. Photons from a pump beam are Raman-scattered by the ion into the cavity mode, which subsequently emits the photon into a well-defined output channel. In contrast with comparable atomic systems, the ion is localized at a fixed position in the cavity mode for indefinite times, enabling truly continuous operation of the device. We have performed numeric calculations to assess the performance of the system and present the first experimental indication of single-photon emission in our set-up.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electron momentum correlation after nonsequential double ionization of N2 and O2 in ultrashort light pulses at light intensities near 1.5 x 10(14) W/cm(2) has been investigated.
Abstract: The electron momentum correlation after nonsequential double ionization of N2 and O2 in ultrashort light pulses at light intensities near 1.5 x 10(14) W/cm(2) has been investigated. The experimental results reveal distinctive differences between the molecular species and between molecules and atoms of similar ionization threshold. We provide evidence that recollision double ionization is the essential mechanism and trace the origin of the differences back to the symmetry of the orbitals occupied by the valence electrons.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed three recent papers in which they discussed the creation of photon number states in the micromaser and discuss new results, showing a remarkable improvement of their ability to create these states.
Abstract: Many applications in quantum information or quantum computing require radiation with a fixed number of photons (called Fock or number states) and this special issue demonstrates the real increase in interest in this area. In this paper, we review three recent papers in which we discussed the creation of photon number states in the micromaser and discuss new results. In the first experiment, Fock states were created in steady state via trapping states. Some new results are presented in this section showing a remarkable improvement of our ability to create these states. We then review a second method of dynamic Fock state creation using state reduction of lower state atoms. In this experiment, we also observed the purity of the Fock state that was created via the observation of Rabi oscillations of a probe atom. Finally, we discuss the results of the third experiment that we performed which was an experimental demonstration of a method of creating Fock states on demand.
TL;DR: In this article, a stabilization scheme for the carrier-envelope phase of a few-cycle laser pulse is proposed, which not only guarantees a stable phase for arbitrarily long measurements, but also makes it possible to restore any given phase for an application after a pause of any kind.
Abstract: The temporal variation of the electromagnetic field of a few-cycle laser pulse depends on whether the maximum of the pulse amplitude coincides with that of the wave cycle or not, ie, it depends on the phase of the field with respect to the pulse envelope Fixation of this ‘carrier-envelope’ phase has only very recently become possible for amplified laser pulses This paved the way for a completely new class of experiments and for coherent control down to the attosecond time scale because it is the field and not the pulse envelope which governs laser-matter interactions However, this novel technique still affords much potential for optimization In this paper we demonstrate a novel stabilization scheme for the carrier-envelope phase that not only guarantees a stable phase for arbitrarily long measurements, but also makes it possible to restore any given phase for an application after a pause of any kind This is achieved by combining a stereo-ATI phase meter with a feedback loop to correct phase drifts inside and outside the laser system
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the dynamics of a micromaser where the pumping atoms are strongly driven by a resonant classical field during their transit through the cavity mode, and derived analytical solutions for the temporal evolution and the steady state of this system by means of phase-space techniques.
Abstract: We study the dynamics of a micromaser where the pumping atoms are strongly driven by a resonant classical field during their transit through the cavity mode. We derive a master equation for this strongly driven micromaser, involving the contributions of the unitary atom-field interactions and the dissipative effects of a thermal bath. We find analytical solutions for the temporal evolution and the steady state of this system by means of phase-space techniques, providing an unusual solvable model of an open quantum system, including pumping and decoherence. We derive closed expressions for all relevant expectation values, describing the statistics of the cavity field and the detected atomic levels. The transient regime shows the buildup of mixtures of mesoscopic fields evolving towards a super-Poissonian steady-state field that, nevertheless, yields atomic correlations that exhibit stronger nonclassical features than the conventional micromaser.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple search problem which can be pursued with different methods, either on a classical or on a quantum basis, is discussed, and it is shown that classical imaging may lead to the final result as fast as quantum imaging.
Abstract: We discuss a simple search problem which can be pursued with different methods, either on a classical or on a quantum basis. The system is represented by a chain of trapped ions. The ion to be searched for is a member of that chain, consisting, however, of an isotopic species different from the others. It is shown that classical imaging may lead to the final result as fast as quantum imaging. However, for the discussed case the quantum method gives more flexibility and higher precision when the number of ions considered in the chain increases. In addition, interferences are observable even when the distances between the ions are smaller than half a wavelength of the incident light.
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental and theoretical study of laser sideband cooling of a trapped ion in a radiofrequency trap is presented, where the cooling rate and the capture range are calculated in a semiclassical model.
Abstract: An experimental and theoretical study of laser sideband cooling of a trapped ion in a radiofrequency trap is presented. The influence of the micromotion in the time-dependent potential of a Paul trap can lead to a counterintuitive situation, where sideband cooling is possible for positive values of the laser detuning, i.e., for a laser frequency that is higher than the resonance frequency of the ion at rest. The cooling rate and the capture range are calculated in a semiclassical model. Experimental results of laser sideband cooling at positive detuning are demonstrated with a single trapped In{sup +} ion stored in a miniature Paul trap.
TL;DR: The proposed method avoids problems with stray fields at the cavity holes, which disturb the coherence of the atomic superposition, and offers a way to study how the coupling strength to the environment influences the decoherence rate, displaying the robustness of physical qubits and the fidelity of quantum computations.
Abstract: We discuss a possible realization of a quantum register with controllable decoherence in terms of /0> and /1> photon number states of a micromaser field. It is shown how to create in the Jaynes-Cummings model a superposition state of /0> and /1> photon number states inside a closed micromaser cavity. The loss of phase coherence between these two states can subsequently be measured by a second probe atom monitoring the decoherence of the field. A technique is proposed for forming the superposition of number states /0> and /1> using the time structure of the Rabi oscillation. The proposed method avoids problems with stray fields at the cavity holes, which disturb the coherence of the atomic superposition, and offers a way to study how the coupling strength to the environment influences the decoherence rate, displaying the robustness of physical qubits and the fidelity of quantum computations.
TL;DR: In this article, the FRET dynamics can be modeled by Gaussian random processes with colored noise, which is consistent with existing theories for microscopic dynamics of the biomolecule that carries the fluorescence resonance energy transfer coupled dye pairs.
Abstract: Motivated by recent experiments on photon statistics from individual dye pairs planted on biomolecules and coupled by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we show here that the FRET dynamics can be modeled by Gaussian random processes with colored noise. Using Monte Carlo numerical simulations, the photon intensity correlations from the FRET pairs are calculated, and are turned out to be very close to those observed in experiment. The proposed stochastic description of FRET is consistent with existing theories for microscopic dynamics of the biomolecule that carries the FRET coupled dye pairs.
TL;DR: The rotational behavior of the scattered molecules can be described by a Boltzmann distribution characterized by a rotational temperature Trot as mentioned in this paper, which is consistent with the formation of a short-lived collision complex (NO··Cn) between the NO molecule and a few surface atoms.
TL;DR: The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars as discussed by the authors, and they presented new direct upper limits on the strength of waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods.
Abstract: The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods, one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times 10−22.
TL;DR: In this article, the FRET dynamics can be modelled by Gaussian random processes with colored noise, which is consistent with existing theories for microscopic dynamics of the biomolecule that carries the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) coupled dye pairs.
Abstract: Motivated by recent experiments on photon statistics from individual dye pairs planted on biomolecules and coupled by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we show here that the FRET dynamics can be modelled by Gaussian random processes with colored noise. Using Monte-Carlo numerical simulations, the photon intensity correlations from the FRET pairs are calculated, and are turned out to be very close to those observed in experiment. The proposed stochastic description of FRET is consistent with existing theories for microscopic dynamics of the biomolecule that carries the FRET coupled dye pairs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the one-atom maser or micromaser to produce a deterministic atom-field coupling necessary for quantum information processing in order to achieve a fixed number of photons.
Abstract: The widely discussed applications in quantum information and quantum cryptography require radiation sources capable of producing a fixed number of photons. This paper reviews the work performed in our laboratory using the one-atom maser or micromaser to produce these fields on demand. In order to achieve this goal the maser is operating under the condition of the so-called trapping states. In this situation the field of the micromaser stabilises to a photon number state. In the second part of the paper a single photon source on the basis of a trapped ion will be described. The strong localization and position control available when an ion trap is combined with an optical cavity is a big step forward in producing a deterministic atom-field coupling necessary for quantum information processing.
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TL;DR: In this article, an experimental scheme of quantum nondemolition detection of monophotonic and vacuum states in a superconductive toroidal cavity by means of Rydberg atoms was proposed.
Abstract: We propose and analyze an experimental scheme of quantum nondemolition detection of monophotonic and vacuum states in a superconductive toroidal cavity by means of Rydberg atoms.
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TL;DR: In this article, an experimental scheme of quantum nondemolition detection of monophotonic and vacuum states in a superconductive toroidal cavity by means of Rydberg atoms was proposed.
Abstract: We propose and analyze an experimental scheme of quantum nondemolition detection of monophotonic and vacuum states in a superconductive toroidal cavity by means of Rydberg atoms.
21 Jun 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, screw phase dislocations are imposed in each spectral component of the short pulses by aligning computer-generated hologram within a 4f-setup, and optical vortices are generated in the output beam of Ti:Sapphire laser emitting 20-fs pulses.
Abstract: We experimentally generate optical vortices in the output beam of Ti:Sapphire laser emitting 20-fs pulses. Screw phase dislocations are imposed in each spectral component of the short pulses by aligning computer-generated hologram within a 4f-setup.
TL;DR: In this paper, the one-atom maser or micromaser is operated under the condition of the so-called trapping states and the field of the maser stabilises to a photon number state.
Abstract: The widely discussed applications in quantum information and quantum cryptography require radiation sources capable of producing a fixed number of photons. This paper reviews the work performed in our laboratory using the one-atom maser or micromaser to produce these fields on demand. In order to achieve this goal the maser is operating under the condition of the so-called trapping states. In this situation the field of the micromaser stabilises to a photon number state. Recently, we have also succeeded in determining the Wigner function of a single-photon state. Presently measurements of the phase diffusion of the one-atom maser field are underway, whereby the case will be studied in detail when the field approaches a number state. The measurements will also give information on the decoherence of the maser field.
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the shape of the laser's field will significantly depend on the phase of the carrier frequency with respect to the envelope, the so-called absolute phase, which is the phase in which the pulse envelope varies almost as fast as the electromagnetic field itself.
Abstract: Recent developments of laser technology led to the generation of laser pulses with a duration (measured at full-width half maximum) of less than 5fs [1]. At a typical wavelength of 750nm, an optical cycle has a duration of 2.5fs; therefore, the pulses consist of only very few optical cycles (few-cycle pulses). Since the pulse envelope varies almost as fast as the electromagnetic field itself, the shape of the laser’s field will significantly depend on the phase of the carrier frequency with respect to the envelope, the so-called absolute phase.
01 May 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the phase of the carrier with respect to the pulse envelope (absolute phase) has been stabilised for powerful few-cycle pulses, and almost at the same time the absolute phase has been measured and controlled thus tailoring the temporal evolution of single optical cycles.
Abstract: In recent years technologies were developed to generate pulses shorter than 5 fs and consisting of less than two optical cycles in full-width at half maximum (few-cycle pulses). The (quite often extremely) nonlinear interaction of such pulses with matter renders important only one or a fraction of one optical cycle. In recent months it became possible to stabilize the phase of the carrier with respect to the pulse envelope (“absolute” phase) for powerful few-cycle pulses. Almost at the same time the absolute phase has been measured and controlled thus tailoring the temporal evolution of single optical cycles. First experiments investigating photoionization were performed and showed a wealth of information inaccessible so far.
TL;DR: In this paper, a scheme for the measurement of the micromaser linewidth, which relates the phase diffusion dynamics of the cavity field to the population statistics of probe atoms, can be applied in the presence of trapping states.
Abstract: We show how our recently proposed scheme for the measurement of the micromaser linewidth, which relates the phase diffusion dynamics of the cavity field to the population statistics of probe atoms, can be applied in the presence of trapping states, where the phase diffusion approximation does not strictly hold. This should allow the observation of the peculiar linewidth oscillations versus atomic pumping which are expected in this regime, and whose origin lies in the quantum nature of the cavity field.
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: B. Abbott, R. Amin, S. Ito, Y. Itoh, M. Hrynevych, o W. Johnston, A. Klarmane, C. Gosler, P. Gretarsson, D. Guenther, E. Hefetz, G. Frey, L. Hennessy, N. Gillespie, m K. Heptonstall, M K. Hindman, J.
Abstract: B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, A. Ageev, 28 B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Araya, H. Armandula, F. Asiri, a P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, R. Balasubramanian, S. Ballmer, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, C. Barker-Patton, M. Barnes, B. Barr, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, R. Beausoleil, b K. Belczynski, R. Bennett, c S. J. Berukoff, d J. Betzwieser, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, E. Black, K. Blackburn, B. Bland-Weaver, B. Bochner, e L. Bogue, R. Bork, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. E. Brau, D. A. Brown, S. Brozek, f A. Bullington, A. Buonanno, g R. Burgess, D. Busby, W. E. Butler, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, C. A. Cantley, L. Cardenas, K. Carter, M. M. Casey, J. Castiglione, A. Chandler, J. Chapsky, h P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, Y. Chen, V. Chickarmane, D. Chin, N. Christensen, D. Churches, C. Colacino, 2 R. Coldwell, M. Coles, i D. Cook, T. Corbitt, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, D. R. M. Crooks, P. Csatorday, B. J. Cusack, C. Cutler, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, 2, 20 R. Davies, E. Daw, j D. DeBra, T. Delker, k R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. Diaz, H. Ding, R. W. P. Drever, R. J. Dupuis, C. Ebeling, J. Edlund, P. Ehrens, E. J. Elliffe, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. Evans, C. Fallnich, D. Farnham, M. M. Fejer, M. Fine, L. S. Finn, E. Flanagan, A. Freise, l R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, K. S. Ganezer, J. A. Giaime, A. Gillespie, m K. Goda, G. Gonzalez, S. Gosler, P. Grandclement, A. Grant, C. Gray, A. M. Gretarsson, D. Grimmett, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, M. Guenther, E. Gustafson, n R. Gustafson, W. O. Hamilton, M. Hammond, J. Hanson, C. Hardham, G. Harry, A. Hartunian, J. Heefner, Y. Hefetz, G. Heinzel, I. S. Heng, M. Hennessy, N. Hepler, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, N. Hindman, P. Hoang, J. Hough, M. Hrynevych, o W. Hua, R. Ingley, M. Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, O. Jennrich, p W. W. Johnson, W. Johnston, L. Jones, D. Jungwirth, q V. Kalogera, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, 2 S. Kawamura, W. Kells, J. Kern, A. Khan, S. Killbourn, C. J. Killow, C. Kim, C. King, P. King, S. Klimenko, P. Kloevekorn, S. Koranda, K. Kotter, J. Kovalik, D. Kozak, B. Krishnan, M. Landry, J. Langdale, B. Lantz, R. Lawrence, A. Lazzarini, M. Lei, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, K. Libbrecht, P. Lindquist, S. Liu, J. Logan, r M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Luck, 2 T. T. Lyons, r B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, W. Majid, h M. Malec, F. Mann, A. Marin, s S. Marka, E. Maros, J. Mason, t K. Mason, O. Matherny, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, M. McHugh, P. McNamara, u G. Mendell, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Miyoki, v S. Mohanty, w G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, B. Mours, x G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, w J. Myers, S. Nagano, T. Nash, y H. Naundorf, R. Nayak, G. Newton, F. Nocera, P. Nutzman, T. Olson, B. O’Reilly, D. J. Ottaway, A. Ottewill, z D. Ouimette, q H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, M. A. Papa, C. Parameswariah, V. Parameswariah, M. Pedraza, S. Penn, M. Pitkin, M. Plissi, M. Pratt, V. Quetschke, F. Raab, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, M. Rakhmanov, S. R. Rao, D. Redding, h M. W. Regehr, h T. Regimbau, K. T. Reilly, K. Reithmaier, D. H. Reitze, S. Richman, aa R. Riesen, K. Riles, A. Rizzi, bb D. I. Robertson, N. A. Robertson, 27 L. Robison, S. Roddy, J. Rollins, J. D. Romano, cc J. Romie, H. Rong, m D. Rose, E. Rotthoff, S. Rowan, A. Rudiger, 2 P. Russell, K. Ryan, I. Salzman, G. H. Sanders, V. Sannibale, B. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, R. Savage, A. Sazonov, R. Schilling, 2 K. Schlaufman, V. Schmidt, dd R. Schofield, M. Schrempel, ee B. F. Schutz, 7 P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, S. Seel, A. S. Sengupta, C. A. Shapiro, ff P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, Q. Z. Shu, gg A. Sibley, X. Siemens, L. Sievers, h D. Sigg, A. M. Sintes, 33 K. Skeldon, J. R. Smith, M. Smith, M. R. Smith, P. Sneddon, R. Spero, h G. Stapfer, K. A. Strain, D. Strom, A. Stuver, T. Summerscales, M. C. Sumner, P. J. Sutton, y J. Sylvestre, A. Takamori, D. B. Tanner, H. Tariq, I. Taylor, R. Taylor, K. S. Thorne, M. Tibbits, S. Tilav, hh M. Tinto, h K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, C. Torrie, 36 S. Traeger, ii G. Traylor, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, M. Vallisneri, jj M. van Putten, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, L. Wallace, H. Walther, H. Ward, B. Ware, h K. Watts, D. Webber, A. Weidner, 2 U. Weiland, A. Weinstein, R. Weiss, H. Welling, L. Wen, S. Wen, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, P. A. Willems, P. R. Williams, kk R. Williams, B. Willke, 2 A. Wilson, B. J. Winjum, d W. Winkler, 2 S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, R. Wooley, J. Worden, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, S. Yoshida, I. Zawischa, ll L. Zhang, N. Zotov, M. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
16 May 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a single 40Ca+-ion, localized in a high finesse optical cavity, is an ideal source of single photons, triggered by an external pump pulse, delivered with high efficiency to a Gaussian output mode.
Abstract: A single 40Ca+-ion, localized in a high finesse optical cavity, is an ideal source of single photons, triggered by an external pump pulse. The photons are delivered with high efficiency to a Gaussian output mode