Israel Liberzon

TL;DR: A critical comparison of findings across individual studies is provided and suggests that separate brain regions are involved in different aspects of emotion.

TL;DR: Additional research will be needed to clarify the exact role of each component of the fear circuitry in the anxiety disorders, determine whether functional abnormalities identified in the Anxiety disorders represent acquired signs of the disorders or vulnerability factors that increase the risk of developing them, and use functional neuroimaging to predict treatment response and assess treatment-related changes in brain function.

TL;DR: Studies of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction in rodents and humans suggest that a neural circuit including the hippocampus, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex is involved in the learning and memory processes that enable context-dependent behaviour.

TL;DR: This Review attempts to present the current state of understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder on the basis of psychophysiological, structural and functional neuroimaging, and endocrinological, genetic and molecular biological studies in humans and in animal models.

TL;DR: It is found that males showed more lateralization of emotional activity, and females showed more brainstem activation in affective paradigms, providing evidence that lateralization in emotional activity is more complex and region-specific than predicted by previous theories of emotion and the brain.