Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder
Roger K. Pitman,Ann M. Rasmusson,Ann M. Rasmusson,Karestan C. Koenen,Lisa M. Shin,Lisa M. Shin,Scott P. Orr,Mark W. Gilbertson,Mark W. Gilbertson,Mark W. Gilbertson,Mohammed R. Milad,Israel Liberzon,Israel Liberzon +12 more
TLDR
This Review attempts to present the current state of understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder on the basis of psychophysiological, structural and functional neuroimaging, and endocrinological, genetic and molecular biological studies in humans and in animal models.Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the only major mental disorder for which a cause is considered to be known: that is, an event that involves threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others and induces a response of intense fear, helplessness or horror. Although PTSD is still largely regarded as a psychological phenomenon, over the past three decades the growth of the biological PTSD literature has been explosive, and thousands of references now exist. Ultimately, the impact of an environmental event, such as a psychological trauma, must be understood at organic, cellular and molecular levels. This Review attempts to present the current state of this understanding on the basis of psychophysiological, structural and functional neuroimaging, and endocrinological, genetic and molecular biological studies in humans and in animal models.read more
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Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis.
George F. Koob,Nora D. Volkow +1 more
TL;DR: Molecular genetic studies have identified transduction and transcription factors that act in neurocircuitry associated with the development and maintenance of addiction that might mediate initial vulnerability, maintenance, and relapse associated with addiction.
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Three Approaches to Understanding and Classifying Mental Disorder: ICD-11, DSM-5, and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC):
TL;DR: This work identifies four key issues that present challenges to understanding and classifying mental disorder and discusses how the three systems’ approaches to these key issues correspond or diverge as a result of their different histories, purposes, and constituencies.
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The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Conditioning and Extinction of Fear.
Thomas F. Giustino,Stephen Maren +1 more
TL;DR: A division of labor has been proposed in which the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulate the expression and suppression of fear in rodents, respectively.
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A quantitative meta-analysis of neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder.
J. Cobb Scott,Georg E. Matt,Kristen M. Wrocklage,Cassandra Crnich,Jessica Jordan,Steven M. Southwick,John H. Krystal,Brian C. Schweinsburg +7 more
TL;DR: The first systematic meta-analysis of neurocognitive outcomes associated with PTSD is presented, indicating that consideration of neuropsychological functioning in attention, verbal memory, and speed of information processing may have important implications for the effective clinical management of persons with PTSD.
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From Pavlov to PTSD: the extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, humans, and anxiety disorders.
Michael B. VanElzakker,Michael B. VanElzakker,M. Kathryn Dahlgren,M. Kathryn Dahlgren,F. Caroline Davis,Stacey J. Dubois,Lisa M. Shin,Lisa M. Shin +7 more
TL;DR: This review uses fear conditioning and extinction studies to draw a direct line from Pavlov to PTSD and other anxiety disorders, and explains how rodent studies have informed neuroimaging studies of healthy humans and humans with PTSD.
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Functional Neuroimaging of Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Processing in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia
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