James Arthos

TL;DR: Investigations of the mechanisms by which cocaine increases HIV-1 invasion through brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) suggest the toxicity of cocaine for the blood-brain barrier may lead to increased virus neuroinvasion and neurovascular complications of cocaine abuse.

TL;DR: In HIVCM tissues, only inflammatory cells, but not endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes, displayed HIV-1 DNA and RNA; however, macrophages, lymphocytes, and—in a patchy fashion—cardiomyocyte apoptosis and endothelium exhibited virus envelope protein gp 120.

TL;DR: HIV-1 and gp 120 induce toxicity through induction of cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis and HAART drugs disrupt endothelium cell junctions and mitochondria and could cause vascular damage.

TL;DR: It is suggested that R5 envelope facilitates replication of HIV in the pool of resting CD4+ T cells and signaling by R5 gp120 may facilitate the transmission of R5 viruses by inducing a permissive environment for HIV replication.

TL;DR: Different antibody profiles shown in the current report, based on the analysis of a wide range of antibody parameters, provide critical biomarker information for the selection of HIV vaccines for more advanced human studies and, in particular, those that can elicit antibodies targeting conformational-sensitive and functionally conserved epitopes.