Jian Zhao

TL;DR: In this article, a grain-based finite-discrete element method (GB-FDEM) was used to investigate the external influences on rock fracturing, which consists of dual-scale contact models ensuring grain breakage, and preprocessing scheme for reproducing the realistic micro heterogeneity of rocks.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of a shallow tunnel in soft soil under seismic conditions by using the finite element (FE) analysis was analyzed and a series of parametric studies were carried out by varying the tunnel embedment ratio, soil-tunnel interface conditions, lining thickness, shape of the tunnel, and input ground motion.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the GPGPU-parallelized 3D Y-HFDEM IDE code is a valuable and powerful numerical tool for investigating rock fracturing under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions in rock engineering applications although very fine elements with maximum element size no bigger than the length of the fracture process zone must be used in the area where fracturing process is modelled.

TL;DR: In this article, the main geological formation in Singapore, including the igneous rocks of granite and norite, the various sedimentary rocks, the Quaternary deposits and the recent Marine Clay deposits are described and discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of the difference cutter spacing on the penetration process was also simulated by setting up a series of two dimensional UDEC models and the optimum cutter spacing was identified to be about 100 mm provided the critical cutter thrust force can be reached.