I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsat imagery

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

The objective of this study was to develop anatomically correct whole body human models of an adult male (34 years old), an adult female (26 years old) and two children (an 11-year-old girl and a six-year-old boy) for the optimized evaluation of electromagnetic exposure. These four models are referred to as the Virtual Family. They are based on high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of healthy volunteers. More than 80 different tissue types were distinguished during the segmentation. To improve the accuracy and the effectiveness of the segmentation, a novel semi-automated tool was used to analyze and segment the data. All tissues and organs were reconstructed as three-dimensional (3D) unstructured triangulated surface objects, yielding high precision images of individual features of the body. This greatly enhances the meshing flexibility and the accuracy with respect to thin tissue layers and small organs in comparison with the traditional voxel-based representation of anatomical models. Conformal computational techniques were also applied. The techniques and tools developed in this study can be used to more effectively develop future models and further improve the accuracy of the models for various applications. For research purposes, the four models are provided for free to the scientific community.

/pdf/the-virtual-family-development-of-surface-based-anatomical-47u5t3e6am.pdf

The Virtual Family—development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations

Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility

• Increasing mixing efficiency is conducive to accelerating polycondensation of PBO. • M w grows faster in DHR than in PIR, even if the mixing time in PIR is much shorter. • The highest M w of 82,000 g/mol obtained thanks to strong rotational flow in DHR. Under the conditions specified in this work, the polycondensation reaction to prepare rigid rodlike poly(p-phenylene-cis-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) is diffusion-controlled. This work aims to study the flow-driven polycondensation reaction of PBO. The effect of mixing efficiency through changing the stirring speed on the polycondensation reaction of PBO was first investigated in a paddle impeller reactor (PIR). In the initial stage of polymerization, the increase of stirring speed is obviously conducive to accelerating the polycondensation reaction. However, the promoting effect of stirring speed on the polycondensation reaction is greatly reduced in the middle and late stages of polymerization. The effect of the flow pattern with different proportions of shear flow, elongational flow and rotational flow on the polycondensation reaction of PBO was further investigated by comparing three reactors including Couette-Taylor reactor (CTR) with a complete shear flow, PIR with strong shear and elongational flows, and double helical ribbon reactor (DHR) with strong shear and rotational flows. Result shows that the improvement of proportions of rotational flow and elongational flow is beneficial to accelerate the polycondensation reaction of PBO in the middle and late stages of polymerization, especially for the rotational flow. 

Flow-accelerated polycondensation reaction to prepare rigid rodlike poly(p-phenylene-cis-benzobisoxazole)

The radio frequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure and heat shock protein (Hsp) expression has been discussed, but there is no data on the relationship between thermal increase by RF-EMF and Hsp expression. Rats were exposed to RF-EMFs [2.14 GHz, wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) signals] for 2 h/day for 3 days or 1 h/day for 10 days with a whole body average-specific absorption rate (WBA-SAR) of 4 W/kg or 0.4 W/kg, respectively. It appeared the intraperitoneal temperature was increased during RF-EMFs exposure and the Hsp27 and Hsp110 genes were significantly upregulated in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum at 4 W/kg, but protein upregulation was not detected. In contrast, there was no significant change in any of the genes at 0.4 W/kg. These results indicated that the thermal increase of the body by RF-EMF exposure plays critical role on Hsp expression.

https://www.ursi.org/Proceedings/ProcGA14/papers/ursi_paper2938.pdf

Effects of the exposure of 2.14GHz W-CDMA radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to rats on body temperature increase and heat shock proteins expression

Transient magnetic far-fields due to collision electrostatic discharges (ESDs) between spherical electrodes charged at a voltage of 600 V were measured with a 6 GHz magnetic near-field probe in the previous study. Here, the frequency spectra are analyzed and compared with those of magnetic far-fields calculated from a previously developed image dipole method combined with a spark resistance formula. The occurrence condition of spectral peaks in the probe band is clarified with respect to the electrode diameters from 30 mm to 70 mm. 

Frequency Spectra and Generation Peaks of Magnetic Far-Fields Due to Collision ESD between Spherical Electrodes

SUMMARY

Electromagnetic disturbances in vehicle-mounted FM radios are mainly caused by conducted noise currents flowing through wiring harnesses from printed circuit boards (PCBs) with the slits of ground patterns. To suppress these noise currents from PCBs, we previously performed Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation and measurement using multiple simple two-layer PCB models in which the ground patterns were divided into two parts with different widths, and revealed that both results agreed well with the fact that crosstalk cannot always be reduced by increasing the width of divided ground patters, but had the smallest values (dipping point) at a specific spacing between the divided ground patterns. In order to clarify the above result, we calculated crosstalk using a formula developed from a simplified equivalent circuit model consisting of inductances, derived from their geometrical mean distances (GMDs) from the traces and ground patterns, and found that the calculation results also had dipping point. However, the specific spacing and crosstalk values were different from the simulations and measurements. In the present study, to improve calculation accuracy, we considered nonuniformity of the current distribution in the ground patterns instead of a uniform current distribution, and obtained crosstalk evaluation results which agreed better with simulations and measurements.

Evaluation of the Effect of Geometrical Configuration on FM‐Band Crosstalk Characteristics between Two Parallel Signal Traces Including Their Divided Ground Patterns on Printed Circuit Boards for Vehicles

The discharge current waveform of ESD gun, TLP- HMM (Transmission line pulse - human metal model), and CR- HMM (Capacitance resistance - human metal model) is calibrated with a $2 \Omega$ load impedance. However, the load impedance structure of TLP- and CR-HMM is different from that of ESD gun. In this study, to investigate their influences, we measured their discharge current waveforms for two types of load impedances, $2 \Omega$ and $2 \Omega$, with the same load impedance structure as that of the ESD gun. The results show that not only the load impedance value but also the load impedance structure affects the discharge current waveform.

Jianqing Wang

Papers

Flow-accelerated polycondensation reaction to prepare rigid rodlike poly(p-phenylene-cis-benzobisoxazole)

Effects of the exposure of 2.14GHz W-CDMA radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to rats on body temperature increase and heat shock proteins expression

Frequency Spectra and Generation Peaks of Magnetic Far-Fields Due to Collision ESD between Spherical Electrodes

Evaluation of the Effect of Geometrical Configuration on FM‐Band Crosstalk Characteristics between Two Parallel Signal Traces Including Their Divided Ground Patterns on Printed Circuit Boards for Vehicles

Measurement of Current Waveform Due to Different Load of ESD Gun, TLP-HMM, and CR-HMM